AlM:To investigate the opportunity of the concomitant strabismus operation and the function in the treatment of strabismic amblyopia through analyzing the changes of binocular summation of pattern visual evoked potential ( P-VEP ) before and after the surgery of concomitant strabismus.
METHODS: ln this retrospective study we investigated 67 cases admitted in our hospital. All patients were less than 18a and the postoperation squint angle was less than ± 10△. Patients were divided into three groups according to the strabismus type, age, and amblyopia degree. P-VEP binocular summation response was recorded in all cases, to observe the changes of the binocular summation response of P-VEP before strabismus surgery and 1mo, 3mo after surgery. The P-VEP response of binocular /monocular ( B/M ) ratio was taken as an evaluation index.
RESULTS: B/M value of three groups all improved obviously 1mo after surgery, which the difference showed statistical significant (P<0. 01). 1) After 3mo surgery, B/M value in esotropia group was higher than that in exotropia group (P<0. 05). 2) After 3mo surgery, B/M value in≤6a group was higher than that in >12a group (P<0. 05). 3) After 1mo surgery, B/M value in severe amblyopia group was higher than that in mild group (P<0. 05). After 3mo surgery, B/M value in severe amblyopia group was higher than that in mild group significantly (P<0. 01).
CONCLUSlON: Concomitant strabismus surgery is suggested to be performed before 6 years old when the patients are difficult to improve the vision after amblyopia treatment, especially with the severe amblyopia and esotropia (accommodative esotropia must be excluded). The early operation is better to amblyopia treatment and binocular vision recovery.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the immunoregulatory role of tolerogenic dendritic cells(TolDC) in allergic airway inflammation in mouse model of allergic rhinitis(AR).METHODS A total of 24 Balb/c mice were equally and randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 mice in each group. AR group was established with oval bumin(OVA) sensitization and challenge, meanwhile the physiological saline(PBS) sensitization and challenge as the control group. AR group were treated by adoptive transfer of TolDC as treatment group. And treatment group were injected intraperitoneally with TGF-β/IL-10R neutralizing antibody as blockade group. In each group, allergic nasal symptoms score, inflammatory cell infiltration in lung, the expression of Th1/Th2-derived cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) and nasal lavage fluid(NALF), the expression of OVA-specific serum IgE and the expression of Treg in lung were measured.RESULTS The mouse model of OVA-induced AR was successfully developed. Compared with AR group, treatment group exhibited lower allergic nasal symptoms score, a decrease in inflammatory cell infiltration in lung, lower expression of Th1/Th2-derived cytokines in BALF and NALF and OVA-specific serum IgE, as well as up-regulation of Treg in lung, which were abolished by TGF-β/IL-10 neutralizing antibody shown in blockade group.CONCLUSION TolDC suppress airway inflammation in AR by inducing regulatory T cells through TGF-β/IL-10-dependent mechanisms.

Objective:To analyze the time consumption in the review of multicenter clinical trials and to explore the methods of improving the approval efficiency.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 246 multicenter clinical trials approved by our hospital from 2012.Group A were trials that our hospital was the leading site while group B were those not.In group B,trials were divided into group B1 (conference review) and B2 (expeditedreview)according to the ethical review methods.Each group's ethical review time,contract signature time,starting experiment time,the total time consumption of review,and the time from the leading site approving to the participating site submitting application were analyzed.Results:In the review of multicenter clinical trials,contract signature cost the most time,accounting for 41％.There was no significant difference in terms of whether to be the leading site.The total time consumption of group B1 and group B2 was 180.94 days and 140.36 days (P ＜0.05),respec tively.The average ethical review time of group B1 was about 20 days longer than group B2 (P ＜ 0.01).There were 96.54 days that the leading site submitted review materials to the participating site after approved.Conclusions:In multicenter clinical trials,for those the leading site has already approved,immediate submission to participating site and choosing the expedited review method may improve the ethical review efficiency,thereby shorten the total approval time consumption.

Acute Disease ; Humans ; Industry ; legislation & jurisprudence ; Occupational Diseases ; prevention & control ; Poisoning ; prevention & control ; Social Control, Formal

Objective To evaluate the growth inhibition and apoptosis of human monocytic leukemia THP-1 cell line by using 5,8-dimethyl-2-β-hydroxyisovalerylshikonin (SK36) and explore its preliminary mechanism. Methods CCK colorimetric assay and cell counting was used to examine the growth inhibition of shikonin on THP-1 cells. The apoptosis of THP-1 cells was detected by Annexin V/PI double labeling. The activation of Caspase-3 apoptosis pathway was determined by FCM. The apoptosis and the necrosis of THP-1 cells were detected by the laser scanning confocal microscopy. Results When the THP-1 cells were treated with SK36 at 1.02 μg/ml for 24 h and 48 h, the growth inhibition was dose-dependent. The cell apoptotic rate of THP-1 cells treated with 1.02 μg/ml evaluated by FCM with Annexin V/PI double labeling staining were (40.61 ±2.13) % and (67.40±9.15) % at 24 h and 48 h after treatment, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of the control group [(16.97±0.61) %] ([ = 18.444, t = 9.528, P <0.01). SK36 could induce THP-1 cells apoptosis involving the activation of Caspase-3 (F= 323.61, P<0.01). Conclusion SK36 can induce human THP-1 cells to undergo apoptosis, and its primary mechanism was to activate the Caspase-3.

Objective To investigate the clinical outcomes of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(MPCNL)in the treatment of lower caliceal calculi.Methods We retrospectively re- viewed the clinical outcomes and complications of 33 patients who underwent MPCNL for lower caliceal cal- culi from March 2001 to April 2005.The average diameter of the calculi was 2.8 cm.Single tract nephrosto- my was performed in all 33 cases;among them renal access was obtained through a middle calyx in 10 cases and a lower calyx in 23.Nine cases had F14 renal access;and 24 cases,F16.Results Of 33 cases,28 (85%)achieved stone-free at 1 session.A second-look was needed in 3 cases due to intraoperative bleed- ing;ESWL,in 1 case with residual,calculi;no treatment,in 1 case with residual calculi＜4 ram.The mean operative time was 93 min;mean blood loss was 113 ml;mean hospital stay was 11 d.Blood transfusion was needed in 1 patient who suffered from hepatic cirrhosis preoperatively;another experienced severe bleeding 7 d after operation and was cured with hyperselective spongia gelatinosa embolization of the renal artery.Fol- low-up was available in 19 cases for 2-48 months,and no recurrence of renal calculi was noted.Conclu- sions Minimally invasive percutaneous nepbrolithotomy has advantages of safety,less invasion,and easy re- covery for the treatment of lower caliceal calculi.

OBJECTIVETo explore the access to tobacco and exam the predictors of successful tobacco purchase attempts among Chinese minors.

METHODSA simulative trial of purchasing cigarettes was participated by 201 sixth grade students to assess the prevalence of illegal cigarette sales to minors in Guangzhou. Methods of Chi-square and unconditional logistic regression were used to identify the significant predictors,with the result of tobacco purchase as the dependent variable and the characteristics of stores, retailers and minors as the independent variables.

RESULTSA total of 165 students succeeded in purchasing cigarettes but 36 failed, and the percentage of successful purchase attempts was 82. 1% . Data from univariate analysis indicated that 9 factors were significantly associated with students' success in purchasing cigarettes. They were age and height of the purchasers, types of stores, seller's gender and age, posting cigarette advertisements,showing warning signs of 'no cigarette selling to minors' ,asking buyer's age,and asking whom you buy the cigarettes for. The results of multivariable analysis showed that only three variables entering the final logistic regression: the age of students, the type of stores, and showing warning signs of 'no cigarette selling to minors'.

CONCLUSIONChinese minors have easy access to purchasing cigarettes, especially in groceries and small markets. Selling cigarettes by sellers to minors should be monitored and managed in the future.

Adolescent ; Child ; China ; Commerce ; legislation & jurisprudence ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Minors ; statistics & numerical data ; Smoking ; epidemiology ; legislation & jurisprudence ; Students ; statistics & numerical data

An analysis method has been established to test 27 elements (Li, Be, B, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Sr, Mo, Cd, Sn, Sb, Ba, La, Hg, Pb, Bi) in Maca nationality's medicine with microwave digestion-ICP-MS. Sample solutions were analyzed by ICP-MS after microwave digestion, and the contents of elements were calculated according to their calibration curves, and internal standard method was adopted to reduce matrix effect and other interference effects. The experimental results showed that the linear relations of all the elements were very good; the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.9994-1.0000 (Hg was 0.9982) ; the limits of detection were 0.003-2.662 microg x L(-1); the relative standard deviations for all elements of reproducibility were lower than 5% (except the individual elements); the recovery rate were 78.5%-123.7% with RSD lower than 5% ( except the individual elements). The analytical results of standard material showed acceptable agreement with the certified values. This method was applicable to determinate the contents of multi-elements in Maca which had a high sensitivity, good specificity and good repeatability, and provide basis for the quality control of Maca.
Lepidium ; chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Microwaves ; Reproducibility of Results ; Trace Elements ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Objective To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine on the cellular immune function of the rats with scald.Methods Seventy-two healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 200-220 g,aged 120-150 days,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =24 each):normal control group (group C),scald group (group S) and dexmedetomidine group (group D).Thirty percent of the total body surface was shaved and then exposed to 94 ℃ water for 12 s in S and D groups.The rats were resuscitated according to Parkland formula after scald in S and D groups,and in addition,dexmedetomidine 30 μg/kg was also intraperitoneally injected immediately after scald in D group.Before the model was established (T1) and at 12 and 24 h after scald (T2,3),blood samples from the inferior vena cava were collected for determination of T lymphocyte subsets CD3 +,CD4 + and CD8 +,NK cell,C-reactive protein (CRP),interleukin-6 (IL-6),IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) level.CD4+/CD8+ was calculated.Arterial blood samples were collected for blood gas analysis.Results Compared with C,the CD3+,CD4+ and NK cell levels,CD4+/CD8+,pH value,PaCO2 and PaO2 were significantly decreased,and CD8+ levels,IL-6,IL-10,TNF-α,CRP and BE negative value were increased at T2,3 in S and D groups.Compared with group S,the CD3+,CD4+,NK cell and IL-10 levels,CD4+/CD8+,pH value,PaCO2 and PaO2 were significantly increased,and CD8+ levels,IL-6,TNF-α,CRP and BE negative value were decreased at T2,3 in group D.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can improve the cellular immune function of the rats with scald.

Objective To find out the relation between element (non-iodized salt and iodized salt that below standard) and epidemic strength of iodine deficiency disorders and level of iodine, in order to find out the factors affecting the result of using iodized salt in controlling of this disorders. Methods Retrospective analyses was used in the study. Six counties were selected randomly from Zhangjiakou every year from 2000 to 2008, and these counties were randomly divided into non-iodized salt group (the ratio of non-iodized salt > 5%), iodized salt below standard group (the ratio of qualified iodized salt < 95%) and control group (the ratio of using qualified iodized salt > 95%). The indexes from different groups were compared as well as the ratio of large thyroid syndrome in children aged 8-10 years and the level of iodine in urine. Results The number of iodized salt monitored were 12 468 units from 2000 to 2008. We examined 5655 children's thyroid and collected 4404 urine samples. The median was 30.1 mg/kg for the average of iodized salt and 7.30% (232/3180) for ratio of non-iodized salt in noniodized salt group, while 30.9 mg/kg and 93.10%(3776/4056) in iodized salt below standard group, and 32.0 mg/kg and 99.27%(5194/5232) in control group. Compared the median of the three groups[5.31%(78/1468) ,4.84% (92/1902) ,2.06% (47/2285)], we observed significant difference (χ2 = 72.07, P < 0.05), especially the ratio of large thyroid in non-iodized salt group which was apparently higher than that of the control group (χ2 = 8.70, P < 0.017). However there was no significant difference between iodized salt below standard group and non-iodized salt group(χ2 = 6.83, P > 0.017) and control group(χ2 = 5.65, P > 0.017). The median of urinary iodine was 188.20 μg/L in non-iodized salt group, 219.62 μg/L in iodized salt below standard group and 262.39 μg/L in control group, indicated that the index in control group was higher than that of others. Conclusion Both of non-iodized salt and iodized salt below standard have effect on prevalence of child iodine deficiency disorders, especially the non-iodized salt.