Microarray technology are being performed more widely than ever before on many areas in lifescience,although the technology is still evolving,the challenge of performing a microarray experiment is no longer in the data generation,but in extracting useful information and utilizing it to get the results with biological meanings.Some methods and tools used for expressional microarray data mining based on previous work were summarized.These methods include gene clustering,GO analysis,regulating pathway analysis,and related algorithm.We hope this can be helpful for those researchers who are implementing expressional microarray for biological analysis.

Animals ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; pharmacology ; Blotting, Northern ; Cells, Cultured ; Dexamethasone ; pharmacology ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Glucocorticoids ; pharmacology ; Kidney Glomerulus ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Mice ; RNA, Messenger ; drug effects ; genetics ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; genetics ; metabolism

Altitude ; Animals ; Astrocytes ; cytology ; Brain ; cytology ; Hypoxia ; Male ; Microglia ; cytology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To observe whether the increase of oxidative stress in PC12 cells could influence the levels of protein carbonyls and nitrotyrosine and alter the cytoskeleton and cell morphology under clinostat condition,and whether the increase of content of nitrate/nitrite in cell culture medium could influence the cell proliferation and differentiation.Method Cell morphology,carbonylated actin and nitrotyrosinated tubulin,and mRNA and protein express of nNOS and iNOS were observed and determined with immunofluorescence and RT-PCR technology in clinostat rotated and control static groups.At the same time,cell density was measured and cell cycles were detected with flow cytometry.The relationship between all these changes and NOS were also analyzed.Result The levels of carbonylated and nitrotyrosinated cytoskeleton protein were altered,no obvious changes in cell morphology but neurite outgrowth after on a clinostat rotation.Cell density also increased significantly,DNA synthesis in cell cycles was shortened.Conclusion All of these results indicate that simulated weightlessness do not alter cell morphology and is beneficial to the growth of PC12 cells.The mechanism involved may be associated with the increase of NOS activity.

Female ; Humans ; Endometriosis

OBJECTIVETo observe the regulatory effects of electroacupuncture with different acupoints combinations on blood lipid and atherosclerosis index (AI) in rats with hyperlipemia, so as to make a preliminary screening for the optimal acupoints combination for hyperlipemia.

METHODSOne hundred and five clean-grade SD male rats were randomly divided into 9 groups, including a normal group, a model group, a Quchi group, a Zhongwan group, a Fenglong group, a Quchi+Zhongwan group, a Quchi+Fenglong group, a Zhongwan+Fenglong group and a Quchi+Zhongwan+Fenglong group (three acupoints group), 17 rats in the normal group and 11 rats in the rest groups. The normal group was fed with normal diet, while the rest groups were fed with high-fat diet for 3 weeks to prepare the hyperlipemia model. All the rats were given unlimited water. After the establishment of model, the normal group was fed freely without any treatment; the model group was bundled and immobilized everyday; the rest groups were bundled, immobilized and treated with electroacupuncture at corresponding acupoints with disperse-dense wave, 20 min per time, once a day. After 4 weeks, the blood examples were collected from abdominal aorta to measure the total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and analyzed the AI in each group.

RESULTSAfter the treatment, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and AI in each acupuncture group were all lower than those in the model group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with single acupoint group and the Quchi+Zhongwan group, the content of TC in the three acupoints group was lower (P<0.01). The differences of content of TG among each acupuncture group were not significant (all P>0.05). Compared with the rest 6 acupuncture groups, the content of HDL-C and AI in the three acupoints group were significantly different (all P<0.05). The content of LDL-C in the three acupoints group was decreased as compared with the Quchi group and the Zhong-wan group.

CONCLUSIONThe electroacupuncture at "Quchi" (LI 11), "Zhongwan" (CV 12) and "Fenglong" (ST 40) has more advantages on regulating the content of HDL-C and LDL-C as well as improving AI in hyperlipemia rats, and it has superior effects on blood lipid metabolism.

Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Electroacupuncture ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; blood ; therapy ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Recently it has been discovered that not only von Willebrand factor (vWF) decrease results in von Willebrand disease, but also vWF increase can lead to several thrombosis diseases. Plasma vWF level is affected by genetic factors. Individuals with different single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype in vWF have different susceptibility to disease; individuals with different blood group have different plasma vWF level. Environment factors also affect plasma vWF level. Understanding relationship of polymorphisms in promoter, exon and intron with thrombosis diseases contribute to prevent and cure these diseases. In this review, the relationship of SNP in promoter, exon and intron of vWF gene with thrombosis diseases is summarized.
Exons ; Genotype ; Humans ; Introns ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Thrombosis ; genetics ; von Willebrand Factor ; genetics

Objective To evaluate the endovascular treatment of diffuse aortoiliac occlusive diseases. Methods Thirty-two patients underwent endovascular treatment in which rest pain was found in 84.38%, foot local gangrene in 15.62%. Mean age was 69.7 years (range, 52 years to 81 years) and 71.9% was male. Trans Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus C and D disease was respectively in 40.6% and 59.4% patients. Mean length of vasculopathy was (14.6 ± 1.2) cm (range, 4.5 cm to 19.5 cm) All patients had prohibitive risk for open revascularization. With the approach from femoral artery or brachial artery, combined techniques, such as recanahzation, balloon dilation, stent placement and concomitant common femoral endarterectomy were used. Results Technical success was achieved in twenty-nine patients(90.63%). The complication rate was 3.45%. Clinical status was markedly improved in eight cases (27.59%) and moderately improved in twenty-one cases(72.41%). Mean postoperative ABI was 0.73 ± 0.12, mean preoperative ABI was 0.32 ± 0.09. Significant differences were seen between postoperative ABI and preoperative ABI(P<0.05). Mean time of follow-up was (13.9±6.2) months. At 6 months, primary patency was 81.82% and secondary patency was 89.09%. At 12 months, primary patency was 63.64% and secondary patency was 80.18%. Conclusion Combined multiple endovascular technique is a safe and effective method in the treatment of poor risk diffuse aortoiliac occlusive diseases.

Objective To investigate the anatomic feature and exposing methods of recurrent laryngeal nerve(RLN) in thyroid surgery. Methods The data of 327 cases of thyroid tumor were analyzed retrospectively. The anatomic feature, injury and prevention of RLN were discussed. Of all the cases, 293 RLNs (242 cases) were anatomically exposed. Results The temporary injury rates of RLN was 1.65% (4/242) in the exposed group and 8.23% (7/85) in the unexposed group with a persistent injury rate of 2.35%(2/85). The differences of temporary injury rates and persistent injury rates between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). 67.23% (197/293) of the RLNs had two branches before entering larynx, 61.09%(179/293) of RLNs were posterior to the inferior thyroid artery and 31.39% (92/293) anterior to the inferior thyroid artery, 4.09% (12/293) passed through the bifurcation of inferior thyroid artery, and 4. 13% (10/293) were not related to the inferior thyroid artery. The incidence of non-recurrent laryngeal nerve (inferior laryngeal nerve) was 0.68% (2/293). Conclusions The anatomic relation of RLN is relatively complicated along its journey. The injury of RLN could be reduced with designed exposal during the thyroid surgery.

OBJECTIVE: Metatarsophalangeal joint is an important joint for daily weight-bearing walking. Osteoarthritis, osteochondrosis of the metatarsal head, rheumatoid arthritis can often cause the destruction of 2-5 metatarsophalangeal joint, leading to pain, limited joint movement and toe deformities, severely affecting the forefoot function. The purpose of this study is to report the results of middle-long term follow-up after performing Swanson double-stem silicon implant arthroplasty in patients with diseases of 2-5 metatarsophalangeal joint. METHODS: From January 2010 to October 2015, 21 patients with 2-5 metatarsophalangeal joint replacement were performed with Swanson double-stem silicone prosthesis. In the study, 16 cases were successfully followed up, 2 men and 14 women with an average age (66.7±5.5) years. There were 9 cases diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, 5 cases with severe osteoarthritis and 2 cases with osteochondrosis of the metatarsal head. The American Association of foot and ankle surgery Maryland foot scoring system and visual analogue score (VAS) were used to evaluate the walking function, metatarsophalangeal joint mobility and pain degree before and after surgery. RESULTS: The follow-up time ranged from 17 months to 5 years, with an average of 3.2 years. According to Maryland foot scoring system of the American Association of foot and ankle surgery, the preoperative score was (60.69±6.12) points and postoperative score was (88.13±5.84) points. Range of motion of metatarsophalangeal joint: preoperative: back extension 5.4°±3.1°, plantar flexion 4.4°±2.7°; postoperative: back extension 15.7°±4.5°, plantar flexion 12.2°±4.3°, the motion of 2-5 metatarsophalangeal joint after operation was significantly improved compared with that before operation (P < 0.01). The preoperative VAS was (6.8±0.9) points and the last follow-up was (2.3±0.8) points, the pain symptom of metatarsophalangeal joint was improved obviously after operation. The postoperative score was significantly higher than the preoperative score according to Maryland foot scoring system (P < 0.01), the excellent rate was 81.3%. CONCLUSIONS With the advantages of alleviating pain, preserving the length and alignment of metatarsophalangeal joint, improving the function of walking, and correcting the deformity, Swanson double-stem silicon implant arthroplasty is a reproducible and safe option for the reconstruction of the 2-5 metatarsophalangeal joint. However, there is still some probability of adverse reactions and still room for improvement.
Aged ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Arthroplasty ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Joint Prosthesis ; Male ; Metatarsophalangeal Joint/surgery* ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome