0.05).The recurrence of pterygium was related to the age.If the age increased five years,the risk of recurrence decreased 18.1%. Conclusion The application of MMC(during) the operation could decrease the recurrence rate of pterygium.The recurrence rate of pterygium was not related to the time of application of 0.02% MMC,and detainment for 3 min was enough during the operation.

As one of the first resident standardized training bases, department of ophthalmology of Shanghai Ruijin Hospital participated in this reform process from 2010. Relevant rules and regulations (training management system , training scheme implementation system and evaluation system ) were strictly obeyed. When new problems emerged, under the guidance of department in charge, a series of regimens were formulated and improved gradually by Ophthalmology Professional Committee of Shanghai Resident Standardized Training Department. Based on reviewing and summarizing the work in the last 3 years, some thoughts and suggestions on the resident standardized training in future were put forward ,in-cluding how to better solve the“heavily used, lightly cultured” problem, the“disregarding medical ethics establishment”problem, the“disregarding assessment of teachers”problem and the“disregard-ing obtaining employment”problem.

Objective: To discuss the way of early nutritional support in the patients after the liver transplantation. Methods: The nutritional support was used in 28 patients who had suffered the orthopetic liver transplantation (OLT).Parenteral nutrition was started as soon as possible after the operation. On the fourth day after the operation, enteral nutrition was also used. Results: 5 patients died from the postoperative complications. 23 patients survived and had been in better nutrition. Conclusion: The early nutrition support can play an important role in the patients recovery after OLT. EN should be administrated immediately when the gut functions.

Objective To observe hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and investigate the role of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in the process. Methods Pulmonary arterial cells improved by adherence method were cultured in normoxia (containing 21%O2,5%CO2 and 74%N2) or hypoxia (containing 1%O2,5%CO2 and 94%N2) for 1,4,or 7 days,respectively. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition was confirmed with morphological observation and expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) by immunocytochemistry. Expression of TGF-β1 was evaluated by RT-PCR and Western blot,and α-SMA by Western blot. Results Hypoxia-induced paving-stone-like pulmonary arterial endothelial cells transdifferentiating to polygonal cells with high-expression of α-SMA. TGF-β1 expression was increased significantly after 7 days of hypoxia. TGF-β1 stimulating alone increasedα-SMA expression of pulmonary arterial en-dothelial cells;while,SD-208,inhibitor of TGF-β1,abolished the above effect. Conclusion Hypoxia can induce endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. And TGF-β1 plays an important role in the process.

Objective To evaluate the indications and intraoperative management of nephron-spar- ing surgery (NSS) for renal cell carcinoma (RCC).Methods A total of 53 patients (32 men and 21 women;age range,21 -76 years) with unilateral RCC and a normal contralateral kidney underwent NSS.The disease course ranged from 1 week to 13 months.The unilateral RCCs were detected by B-uhrasonography. Partial nephrectomy was performed on 38 cases of polar RCC and wedge nephrectomy was performed on 15 cases of central RCC.Both renal vein and artery were blocked for 10 - 15 min,and unclamped for 1 -2 min if necessary.The resections were finished within 7 -21 min (mean,12 min).No inosine and regional hypo- thermia were used during operation.Absorbable hemostatic gauze and terylene flake were used to suture renal wound surface.After operation all patients were treated with interferon hypodermic injection of 5 000 000 U every other day for 3 months.Results The diagnosis of RCC with negative cutting margin was confirmed by pathological examination in all patients.The greatest dimension of the renal cancers were＜4 cm except for one of 6 cm.The clinical stage was T_1N_0M_0 in all patients.During the follow-up of 6 -48 months,all pa- tients were alive without recurrence and had normal renal function.Conclusions NSS can be rapidly per- formed for T_1 stage renal cancer＜4 cm or single clearly localized cancer＞4 cm in diameter.The follow-up results are satisfactory.

ObjectiveTo establish pediatric serum CysC reference intervals based on the children's hospital laboratory data in Zhejiang Province and analyse the effects of CysClevels on age and gender. MethodsCysC was one of tests of a routine biochemical screening panel employed for most outpatients and inpatients in the children's hospital, and 8 127 subjects (4 264 boys and 3 863 girls) were selected from 13 567 subjects from laboratory information system according to the exclusion criterion with seriously systemic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, kidney diseases, elevated values of creatinine, urea or ALT for which 1.5-fold upper limit, serum samples with hemolysis, icterus or lipid turbidity, same patients with non-first-time CysC results and living addresses which were not in Zhejiang. The serum CysC was determined by transmission turbidimetry on Roche DPP modular automatic biochemical analyzer. SPSS 17.0 software and EXCEL 2003 were employed for statistical analysis in this study. Results The serum CysC concentration was a Gaussian distribution after log transformation. The mean Log-transformated CysC lg (CysC) concentration of boys in five age groups ( ＜ 1 month, 1 to 3 months, 4 to 11 months, 1 to 2 years and 2 to 16 years) were 0. 224,0. 170,0. 112,0. 061, -0. 011 (mg/L,lg) respectively, and the mean Log-transformated CysC lg(CysC) concentration of girls in five age groups were 0. 222, 0. 164, 0. 089, 0. 057,-0. 010 ( mmg/L, lg) respectively, and no statistically significant differences between Ig( CysC ) and gender in five age groups were found ( t values were 0. 174, 0. 362, 0. 445,- 1. 464 and - 0. 093, respectively,and corresponding P values all were greater than 0. 05 ). The mean lg ( CysC ) concentrations in five age groups were 0. 222,0. 166,0. 100,0. 059, - 0. 010 ( mmg/L, lg), and significant differences between Lg ( CysC ) and ages by Analysis of Variance were observed ( F = 309. 785 and P = 0 in between-groups totally,P = 0 in any two groups). Serum CysC levels were highest in the age of ＜ 1 month, then declined to the age of 2 years and kept stable in the age of 2 to 16 years. The serum CysC reference intervals for children were as follows:0. 95 -2. 92 mg/L in the age of ＜ 1 month, 0. 81 -2.67 mg/L in the age of 1 to 3 months, 0. 65 -2.45 mg/L in the age of 4 tol2 months, 0. 56 -2. 35 mg/L in the age of 1 year and 0. 45 -2. 13 mg/L in the age of 2 to 16 years. ConclusionsThere is no significant effect on pediatric CysC levels with gender but close correlated with age below 2 years old. It is necessary to establish appropriate age-related reference intervals of serum CysC for efficiently evaluating renal function in local children.

0.05) between two groups. Abdominal distention and diarrhea occurred in 6 patients in observed group. Nitrogen balance, PA, TFN, IgA, IgG and IgM after nutritional support were better than those before nutritional support in two groups. Nitrogen balance, PA, TFN, IgA, IgG and IgM were better in observed group than those in the control group. Conclusions:Early nutritional support can improve metabolic status,the immune function and the nitrogen balance in brain operation patients.

Objective To research ischemic postconditioning on heart function after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(I/R),and the protective mechanisms. Methods Thirty-two rats were divided into four groups:I/R group ( n = 8 ) , ischemic postconditioning group (n=8),myocardial ischemic postconditioning+ NSC-74859 (STAT3 inhibitor) group(n=8),and control group(n=8). Establish a model of rat to observe changes of the heart rate,LVSP,+dp/dtmax,-dp/dtmax,coronary flow and myocardial enzyme spectrum in each group un-der different conditions. Results Compared with ischemia-reperfusion group,heart rate of the reperfusion period,CK and LDH of coronary ef-fluent in the ischemic postconditioning group were obviously lower,while left ventricular systolic pressure,change of intraventricular pressure, and coronary effluent volume increased obviously. And after inhibition of STAT3 expression,this protective effect decreased significantly. Con-clusion Ischemic postconditioning can provide potent cardioprotective effect in which STAT3 mediates the cardioprotective effects.

Objective:To explore the effect of group psychotherapy on damage of theory of mind (TOM) in patients with early-onset schizophrenia.Methods:Totally 60 patients with early-onset schizophrenia were included and divided into the intervention group (n ＝ 30) and the health education group (n ＝ 30).The patients in the intervention group were offered 10 twice a week 2-hour sessions of group psychotherapy,and those in the control were offered group health education twice a week.All participants completed baseline measures and post-intervention measures with the Eye Emotion Recognition and Theory of mind Picture-sequencing Task (TOM-PST).Results:Totally 23 patients in the intervention group and 29 patients in the health education group finished the post-intervention measures.After 5-week intervention,subscores of sad and fear and total score of emotion recognition,total score of TOM-PST,understanding first order error belief,second order error belief,third order error belief,sense of reality,detecting fraud compared to baseline had statistically significant difference in intervention group.In health education group,subscores of joy emotion recognition,understanding first order error belief,third order error belief,total score of TOM-PST compared to baseline had statstically significant difference.The patients with group psychotherapy got higher scores of total score of TOM-PST and understanding second order error belief and third order error belief than the health education group after 5-week intervention (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:This study suggests the group psychotherapy could partially improve theory of mind with early-onset schizophrenia,and promote the recovery of social cognition.