Objective: To determine the inhibitory effects of maltitol-gum on Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacilli and Actinomyces viscosus in dental plaque. Methods: Thirty 13-15 years old children with DMFS>4 were divided into three groups, maltitol chewing gums group(A group), xylitol chewing gum group(B group) and blank gum base group (C group). The plaque samples were collected and colony forming units were counted. Results: The levels of three-species cariogenic pathogens in three groups were statistically down-regulated when compared with the baseline(P<0.001).Moreover, A group and B group resulted in a higher decrease of Streptococcus mutans levels compare with C group(P<0.05). The levels of Lactobacilli and Actinomyces viscosus were not statistically different between groups(P>0.05). Conclusion: Maltitol-gum can lead to a significant suppression on Streptococcus mutans levels in dental plaque,while the inhibitory effect of the maltitol-gum on Lactobacilli, Actinomyces viscosus is not obvious.

Objective:To characterize the volatile compounds in 10 batches of disposable infusion sets and 6 batches of nasal can-nulas by GC-MS and determine the main odor-active compounds. Methods:The volatile components were extracted using a headspace sampler. An HP-5MS capillary column (30 m × 0. 25 mm,0. 25 μm) was adopted, and the qualitative analysis was performed by total ion chromatography ( TIC) of full scan with temperature programmer. Results:A total of 19 major volatile compounds were identified, which were hydrocarbon, alcohol and carbonyl compounds (such as aldehyde and ester). Based on the combination of odor test and GC-MS, the concentration of alcohol compounds (2-ethyl hexanol, 2-EH) had the most notable effect on the odor of samples. Conclu-sion:The samples with unacceptable order contain 2-EH with relatively high content, which should be paid more attention.

Objective To investigate the clinical therapeutic effect of Xuebijing injection for treatment of patients with diabetic nephropathy(DN)and its mechanism. Methods 60 DN patients were randomly divided into Xuebijing group and control group(each,30 cases). The patients in both groups received western conventional treatment,and the patients in Xuebijing group received additionally Xuebijing injection intra-venous injection once a day for 14 days. The fasting blood glucose(FBG),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),urinary albumin excretion rate(AER),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),serum creatinine(SCr),hematocrit(HCT),fibrinogen(Fg),whole blood viscosity,total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)and interleukin -6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and urine β2-microglobulin(β2-MG)levels before and after treatment were detected,and the curative effect was also observed in both groups. Results In the control group blood FBG,BUN,SCr,TC,IL-6 and TNF-αafter treatment were significantly decreased and HDL-C significantly increased compared with those before treatment(all P<0.05). Compared with those before treatment,in Xuebijing group after Xuebijing therapy,blood FBG,β2-MG,AER,BUN, SCr,TC,TG,HCT,blood viscosity,IL-6 and TNF-αwere significantly decreased,and HDL-C was obviously increased,but there were no significant differences in HbA1c,LDL-C and Fg before and after treatment. The above indexes were changed significantly in Xuebijing group compared with those in control group〔FBG(μg/L):6.98±1.14 vs. 9.73±1.62,β2-MG(μg/L):32.1±10.9 vs. 57.2±15.1,AER(μg/min):86.0±28.1 vs. 152.0±51.6,BUN (mmol/L):12.4±8.1 vs. 19.5±8.9,SCr(μmol/L):301.2±151.9 vs. 371.3±168.6,HCT:0.283±0.075 vs. 0.351±0.059,TC(mmol/L):3.4±1.8 vs. 4.1±1.5,TG(mmol/L):3.4±1.5 vs. 3.6±1.7,HDL-C(mmol/L):1.90±0.75 vs. 1.50±0.25, IL-6 (ng/L):8.96±2.07 vs. 12.75±2.47, TNF-α(pmol/L):17.85±4.75 vs. 20.87±4.90,P<0.05 or P<0.01〕. The total efficiency in Xuebijing group was significantly higher than that in control group(83.3%vs. 36.7%,P<0.01). Conclusion Xuebijing injection has significant protective effects on patients with DN,and the mechanism might be associated with increasing tissue perfusion and inhibiting excessive inflammatory cytokines release.

Objective To establish a HPLC method for the determination of psoralen and bergapten in Ficus hirta Vahl.Methods A Merck-lichrospher C18(4 mm?250 mm,5 ?m)column was adopted.The mobile phase was acetonitrile-water(35∶65) with the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The column temperature was 35 ℃,and the detection wavelength was set at 222 nm.Results Psoralen's linearity was obtained in the range of 0.12 ?g～1.20 ?g(r=0.999 7),and bergapten's linearity in the range of 0.03 ?g～0.30 ?g(r=0.999 5).Psoralen's average recovery was 100.9 %with RSD 2.9 %,and that of bergapten was 99.6 %with RSD 1.9 %.Conclusion This is the first report of simultaneous determination of psoralen and bergapten in Ficus hirta Vahl.by HPLC,and the results showed the method is accurate,reproducible,and can serve as quality evaluation method for Ficus hirta Vahl.

Objective To investigate the protein and mRNA expression of HO-1 in the lung tissue of asthmatic rat and the correlation between the percentage of blood carbon monoxide Hb(COHb)and the expressions of HO-1 in the lung tissue of asthmatic rat.Methods Twenty Sprague-Dawley(SD)male rats were randomly divided into 2 groups,control group and asthma group.Each group had 10 rats.The assessment of the percentage content of blood carbon monoxide Hb(COHb)wag performed.The total cell number and differentiation cell numbers in bronchoalveolar lavge fluid(BALF)and the inflammatory cells of airway wall were counted,the protein expressions of HO-1 in airway wall wag detected with immunohistochemistry technique.and the mRNA expressions of HO-1 in airway wall was detected with RTPCR.Results The expression of HO-1 was mainly located in airway epithelium and macrophage.The percentage of the cells in which protein of HO-1was expressed were(5.03±1.22)%,(27.14±4.68)%in two groups.The optical densities of mRNA expression of HO-1 were 0.323±0.05,0.68±0.02.The percent content of blood carbon monoxide Hb(COHb)were(0.45±0.35)%,(3.89±1.15)%.The protein and mRNA expressions of HO-1 and the percent content of COHb in asthmatic group were higher than those of the control group (P＜0.01 respectively).There was a significant positive correlation araong the protein expression of HO-1 in airway wall and the percent content of COHb(r=0.971,P＜0.001),mRNA expressions of HO-1 in lung tissue and the percent content of COI-Ib(r=0.897,P＜0.001).Conclusion The protein and mRNA expressions of HO-1 in the lung tissue,and the percent of COHb in blood were significantly mcreaged in asthmatic rat,which suggested HO-1 may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of asthma.

Objective To understand the changes of schistosomiasis endemic situation in Sichuan Province,the upstream of Yangtze River basin,and the impact on schistosomiasis transmission in Three Gorges Reservoir area after the construction of Three Gorges Reservoir. Methods The annual reports of the schistosomiasis endemic situation in Sichuan Province from 2000-2012,the data of the schistosomiasis surveillance sites in Sichuan Province from 2001-2012,the data of the schistosomiasis sampling survey in Sichuan Province in 2001,and the relevant reference of Three Gorges Reservoir were collected. The schisto-somiasis prevalence in human and cattle,and Oncomelania hupensis snail status were investigated. The snail survey was imple-mented in Qianjin Village,Jianyang City,Sichuan Province,the nearest village to Three Gorges Reservoir Area. Results The schistosomiasis endemic situation presented a continuous declining state in Sichuan Province from 2000-2012,and reached the criteria of schistosomiasis transmission controlled in 2008. From 2012,65.07%of endemic counties reached the criteria of schis-tosomiasis transmission interrupted. From 2006,no schistosome infected snails were found. In Qianjin Village,1714 m2 environ-ments were surveyed and no snails were found. Conclusions The schistosomiasis endemic area and snail area are significantly reduced in Sichuan Province,the upstream of Yangtze River basin,after the construction of Three Gorges Reservoir. Therefore, the possibility of schistosomiasis endemic diffusing to Three Gorges Reservoir area is minimum.

Brain ; abnormalities ; Cerebral Cortex ; abnormalities ; Humans ; Infant ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Nervous System Malformations ; diagnosis ; Prognosis

ObjectiveTo investigate the imaging characteristic of DW1,tumor cell apoptosis and proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) xenograft transfected hNIS gene after 131Ⅰ treatment.MethodsThe NPC xenograft models were established with CNE-2-hNIS cells(experimental group) and CNE-2 cells(control group) respectively.After i.p.injections 131Ⅰ in the experimental group and control group,the changes of xenograft tumor volume and ADC value were observed in 3,6,12,18,24 days by MR scan.The correlations of changes of ADC with pathological TUNEL,Caspase-3 immunohistochemistry of apoptosis,and Ki-67 proliferation detection were further investigated.Independent samples t-test were compared between the two groups and Pearson linear correlation analysis was used.ResultsThe tumor volume of the experimental group was significantly reduced compared with that of the control group after 131 Ⅰ treatment (t values:8.27-19.46,P ＜0.05 ).DW-MRI showed that in the 3th day after 131Ⅰ treatment,ADC values increased in the experimental group,and ADC values reached the peak in the 6th and 12th day after 131Ⅰ treatment,then ADC values were decreased. ADC values after treatment was positively correlated with apoptotic index ( r =0.72,P ＜ 0.05 ) and caspase-3 positive rate ( r =0.65,P ＜ 0.05) and there was a negative correlation with Ki-67 proliferation index ( r =- 0.71,P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionADC values can reflect growth inhibition of NPC xenograft transfected hNIS gene after 131 I treatment.It is possible that DWMRI techniques can be used in early non-invasively monitor the therapy effect of 131Ⅰ treatment of NPC xenografts transfected hNIS gene.

Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization ; Infant, Newborn ; Lung ; metabolism ; pathology ; Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors ; analysis ; genetics ; Male ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; blood ; genetics ; pathology

Objective To observe the effects of melatonin (MT) on the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1),phosphorylated adenine dinucleotide quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO-1) and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2),so as to explore the mechanism of MT's action in the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway.Methods A total of 72 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group,an injury group and a melatonin group,each of 24.T11-T12 acute SCI was induced in the injury and melatonin groups using the modified Allen's method.Ten minutes after the injury,equal amounts of absolute ethyl alcohol and melatonin were intraperitoneally injected into the rats in the injury and melatonin groups.For the control group,the vertebral plate was cut to expose the T11-T12 spinal cord without any injury of the nerves.Six rats from each group were randomly selected for sacrifice at 6,12 and 24 hours after the operation,and T11-T12 spinal cord specimens were collected.The spinal cord injury and inflammatory response were observed using haematoxylin eosin staining.The expression of HO-1,NQO-1 and Nrf2 was examined using immunofluorescence,while the expression of HO-1,NQO-1 and Nrf2 protein and mRNA were detected using RT-PCRs.Results The neuronal cells in the spinal cords of the control rats were of normal shape,without edema,necrosis or obvious hemorrhagic foci.Hemorrhagic foci,significantly more inflammatory cells and some spinal cord neurons with edema and necrosis were observed in the injury group.However,significantly fewer hemorrhagic spots and cells with edema were found in the melatonin group compared with the injury group.The average expression of HO-1,NQO-1 and Nrf2 protein and mRNA was significantly higher in the melatonin group than in the other two groups.The levels in the injury group were also significantly higher than in the control group 12 and 24 hours after the experiments.Immunofluorescence showed that the greatest number of cells with HO-1,NQO-1 and Nrf2 was found in the melatonin group,followed by the injury group and then the control group,with significant differences among all 3 groups.Conclusion Melatonin can promote the expression of HO-1,NQO-1 and Nrf2 in rats with acute spinal cord injury,which might be related with its activating the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway.