Objective: To investigate the possible association between codon 2020 polymorphism(Asn2020Ser) of IGF2R gene and the susceptibility to colorectal cancer(CRC) and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in Chinese population. Methods: The IGF2R Asn2020Ser genotypes were determined by TaqMan assay in 345 CRC cases and 670 controls, and in 469 HCC cases and 558 controls. Odds ratios(OR) for cancer and 95% confidence intervals(CI) from unconditional logistic regression models were used to evaluate relative risks. Potential risk factors were included in the logistic regression models as covariates in the multivariate analyses on genotype and cancer risk. Results: The Ser allele of the IGF2R Asn2020Ser polymorphism was significantly associated with decreased risks of CRC and HCC. As compared with Asn/Asn genotype, Asn/Ser,Ser/Ser and Ser-allele carriers (Asn/Ser or Ser/Ser genotype) had significantly decreased risks of CRC, with the decrease being 0.71-fold (95% CI = 0.54-0.94, P = 0.017), 0.64-fold(95% CI = 0.42-0.97, P = 0.036) and 0.69-fold(95% CI = 0.53-0.90, P = 0.008), respectively. A similar decreased HCC risk was also shown, with the decrease being 0.68-fold(95% CI = 0.52-0.89, P = 0.005) for Asn/Ser genotype, 0.78-fold(95% CI = 0.52-1.16, P = 0.212) for Ser/Ser genotype, and 0.70-fold(95% CI = 0.54-0.90, P = 0.006) for Ser-allele carriers, when compared with Asn/Asn genotype. Conclusion: The Ser allele of the IGF2R Asn2020Ser polymorphism is potentially one of the protective factors against CRC and HCC in Chinese population.

BACKGROUND:Tantalum rod implant technology is a new method of early osteonecrosis treatment. Current research on stress distribution before and after tantalum rod implant in different sizes of femoral head necrosis area is few. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the stress distribution before and after tantalum rod implantation in different sizes of necrotic femoral head area using three-dimensional finite element method. METHODS:Three-dimensional finite element models of normal femoral head and necrotic femoral head of 15, 20 and 30 mm diameterwere constructed. Eight measuring points were chosen on two tiers of each necrotic model to detect the stress distribution and its alteration before and after tantalum rod implantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Stress concentration werefound on every necrotic femoral head, most pronounced on the one with 30 mm lesion. (2) Tantalum implant appeared to reduce the stress concentration generaly. Comparison of the peak points of these models indicated most significant benefit in 15 mm lesion, next in 30 mm lesion, last in 20 mm lesion. (3) Results indicate that larger lesion entails more concentrated stress distribution and more likely to colapse. Tantalum rod implantation can delay the development of necrosis of the femoral head, andismost effective in smal lesion.

Intracranial branch atheromatous disease (BAD) was proposed by Caplan in 1989.It has been widely studied in Japan in recent years.With the application of high-resolution magnetic resonance,BAD has become a hot topic.This article reviews the concept,etiology,pathology,diagnosis and treatment of BAD as well as its relationship with ischemic stroke.

Objective To discuss the value of combining the physiological and operative severity score for enumeration of mortality and morbidity(POSSUM)and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ)in severe acute pancreatitis(sAP).Methods 60 cases of SAP were divided into surgery group(n=15)and non-surgical group(n=45),Non-surgical group was vahde with APACHE Ⅱ score,the surgery group with POSSUM score,decided to continue conservative treatment or surgery treatment,Observation of two ways with the complications and death.Results The rates of compHcafions and death were(0.37±0.08)and(0.27±0.09)in Single-operation group(n=15)higher than(0.76±0.14)and(0.61±0.15)in surgical group(n=11)(t1=3.125,t2=3.211,P＜0.01);APACHEⅡ score of mortality in operation group and non-surgical group were no significant difference(x2=2.28,x2=1.98,P＞0.05);APACHE Ⅱ score were(10.12±6.27)in survival group(n=46)were lower than (25.75±7.90)in death group(n=14)(t=2.525,P＜0.05.Conclusion The score of dynamic APACHE Ⅱ has better effect to judge the timing of surgery,and the score of POSSUM has high value to predict post-operative complications and deaths occurred in patients with severe acute pancreatitis.

Objective To summarize the nursing methods of Orthofix limb reconstruction system in the treatment of limb long bone defects. Methods Thirty-two patients with long bone defects were collected between January 2012 to January 2015. The patients were all treated with the Orthofix limb reconstruction system and perioperative nursing. Results All the cases were treated by the method for 8 . 5 to 18 . 2 months , averaged 15 . 40 ± 3 . 20 months . The bones extended 4 ~ 21 cm , averaged ( 8 . 06 ± 3 . 06 ) cm . The assessments of bone transport treatment showed 31 cases were excellent and 1 good. Conclusions The limb long bone defects with or without soft tissue defects caused by various causes can be treated by the Orthofix limb reconstruction system. Patients should pay attention to psychological counseling and nutritional support preoperatively. It is important for patients to pay attention to bone transport and functional exercise guidance postoperatively.

A set of central composite design experiments were designed by using four factors which were ethanol amount, ethanol concentration, refrigeration temperature and refrigeration time. The relation between these factors with the target variables of the retention rate of schizandrol A, the soluble solids content, the removal rate of fructose and the removal rate of glucose were analyzed with Bayesian networks, and ethanol amount and ethanol concentration were found as the critical process parameters. Then a network model was built with 2 inputs and 4 outputs using back propagation artificial neural networks which was optimized by genetic algorithms. The R2 and MSE from the training set were 0.983 8 and 0.001 1. The R2 and MSE from the test set were 0.975 9 and 0.001 8. The results showed that network analysis method could be used for modeling of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus ethanol precipitation process and identify critical operating parameters.
Bayes Theorem ; Chemical Precipitation ; Cold Temperature ; Cyclooctanes ; chemistry ; Ethanol ; chemistry ; Fructose ; analysis ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Glucose ; analysis ; Lignans ; chemistry ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Polycyclic Compounds ; chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results ; Schisandra ; chemistry ; Time Factors

Objective To evaluate the reproducibility of normal liver ADC measurements by different respiratory motion compensation techniques. Methods A total of 31 young healthy volunteers who are 20 to 40 years old without any hepatic diseases were selected to research. Each volunteer underwent liver DWI twice in 24 hours with the same parameters and location. The imaging was performed with free-breath(FB), breathhold(BH), rspiratory-triggered(RT)and navigator-triggered(NT)techniques, and the ADC values of the left hepatic lobe and right hepatic lobe (upper, middle and lower) was acquired with two scans. Analysis the the ADC values of various anatomic locations of liver with two-way analysis of variance of randomized block design. Reproducibility of ADCs was assessed with the Bland-Altman method. Analysis of variance and paired-sample t test was used to assess ADCs from both right and left liver lobe among the four techniques. Result The ADC values acquired from the four techniques were significant differences (P<0.01),and the ADC values of the right lobe were less than the left lobe's(P<0.01). It showed a trend to decrease moving from superior to inferior levels in both left and right lobes, and the ADC values among The middle and lower were significant differences (P<0.01). The limit of agreement of ADC of twice imaging among the four techniques were as follow: the right lobe was less than the left lobes, and the breathhold was less the others. As the result, reproducibility in the right liver lobe was better to that in the left and the reproducibility with breathhold was better than the other respiratory motion compensation techniques. Conclusions Both anatomic location and DWI technique influence the liver ADC measurements and their reproducibility. The reproducibility of BH is the best.

AIM: To observe the effect of Tripterygium glycosides on NOXs-ROS-NLRP3 inflammatory signa-ling pathways in the colon tissue in dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) mice, and to investi-gate the underlying mechanisms.METHODS: BALB/c mice were used and the mouse model of UC was established by DSS induction.The mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (model group, low-, medium-and high-dose Tripterygium glycosides groups, and normal group).The colon tissues were collected 21 d after Tripterygium glycosides gavage.The mRNA expression of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 in the colon tissues was detected by real-time PCR.The caspase-1 ex-pression in the colorectal mucosa was observed by immunohistochemical method.ELISA was used to detect the protein le-
vels of IL-1α, TNF-αand IL-13.The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by chemiluminescence technique, and the consumption rate of NADPH, which was inhibited by DPI, was analyzed to determine the activity of NADPH oxidases (NOXs).The neutrophils were isolated, and the ROS production, NOXs activity, and the mRNA ex-pression of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 were also detected.RESULTS: The colon tissues were abnormal with different de-grees in Tripterygium glycosides groups, and histopathological scores were lower than that in model group.In Tripterygium glycosides groups, in addition to the mRNA expression levels of caspase-1 in the colon tissues between normal group and high-dose group, ROS production, NOXs activity and the mRNA expression levels of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 in the colon tissues and colon-isolated neutrophils were lower than those in model group (P <0.05), and higher than those in normal group (P <0.05).The results of pairwise comparison for the efficacy of Tripterygium glycosides administration showed that the above indexes were statistically significant except the mRNA expression levels of caspase-1 between middle-dose group and high-dose group.Tripterygium glycosides administration significantly decreased the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1αand TNF-αin the homogenates of colon tissues in the model mice (P <0.05).No differ-ence of IL-13 expression among the groups was observed.CONCLUSION: Tripterygium glycosides inhibits NOXs-ROS-NLRP3 inflammatory signaling pathways to reduce the expression of IL-1α, TNF-αand other proinflammatory cytokines, and attenuates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice, by which the neutrophils might be involved in the process.

Objective To establish RNase L gene knockout HEK 293 cell lines using CRISPR/Cas9 system.Methods Small guide RNA ( sgRNA) sequences of human RNase L were designed and sgRNAs were inserted into pCas-Guide and pCas-guide RNA(gRNA) vectors were obtained.The donor DNA sequences of the homologous arm were designed for RNase L knockout .In the presence of the right homologous arm , the resistance gene of hygromycin B and the left homologous arm as templates of homology-directed repair , the donor DNA template was amplified by overlopping PCR and cloned into the pBackZero-T expression vector and pBackZero-T-RNase LK vector was obtained .The pCas-gRNA vector and pBackZero-T-RNase LK vector were co-transfected into HEK293 cells to establish the stable expression cell line of RNase L gene knockout .Cells were cultured with hygromycin B , while Western blotting and DNA sequencing were used to analyze the gene of RNase L knockout from genome .Results and Conclusion The pCas-gRNA vector and pBackZero-T-RNase LK vector were successfully constructed.Five RNase L gene knockout HEK293 cell lines were generated,contributing to the study of the biological function and molecular mechanism of RNase L .

ObjectivesTo examine the validity of high-frequency Doppler ultrasound in identifying knees synovitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA).MethodsNinety-five consecutive patients with active RA were examined withhigh-frequency Doppler ultrasound to examine synovitis signals in knees.Synovial tissue samples of 51 patients were obtained by closed needle biopsy from knees after ultrasound examination.Serial synovial tissue sections were stained with H&E and immunohistochemical staining,and the histopathological synovitis scores were evaluated.The relationship among clinical, histopathological and ultrasound synovitis indexes was analyzed by Spearman's rank order correlation test and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.ResultsAmong 95 RA patients,the median thickness of synovial membrane in ultrasound was 2.8 mm,the median depth of effusion was 2.7 mm; Doppler signals of synovial blood flow were detected in 82％(78/95 ) of patients and the median semiquantitive grading of synovial blood flow was 1.0.The thickness of synovial membrane and synovial blood flow at Doppler ultrasound correlated positively with histological synovitis score,hyperplasia of the lining layer,and inflammatory infiltration in sublining area (the thickness of synovial membrane:r=0.438,0.424,0.368,respectively; synovial blood flow:r=0.357,0.377,0.347,respectively; all P＜0.05).Although there was no significant difference in clinical synovitis indexes between patients with histologically low-grade and high-grade synovitis,the thickness of synovial membrane and synovial blood flow in ultrasound in patients with histologically high-grade synovitis was significantly higher than those with low-grade synovitis(P=0.001,0.036,respectively).When the thickness of synovial membrane in ultrasound was ≥ 3.9 mm,the specificity of diagnosing the high-grade synovitis was 96.7％ and the sensitivity was 61.9％.ConclusionSynovitis signals at high-frequency Doppler ultrasound correlate with histopathological synovitis,and it might be helpful in evaluating the severity of histopathological synovitis.