Objective To investigate the treatment of complex fractures of distal femur with open reduction and internal fixation with anatomical plate. Methods From January 2001 to June 2004, 67 cases of complex fractures of distal femur were treated with open reduction and anatomical plate internal fixation. The allogeneic bone was grafted for 23 cases, ilium was grafted for 35 cases, ilium and fibula were grafted for 9 cases. Bio- resorbable membranes were used between quadriceps femoris and femur. 13 cases were aided with patella traction. All the patients received fumigation and rinsing with Chinese herbs and CPM(continuous passive motion) after operation. Results All the 67 cases were followed up for 10 to 26 months. All the fractures got united. The postoperative knee functions were excellent in 36 cases, good in 23 cases, fair in 5 cases, and poor in 3 cases according to Kolment standards. The excellent and good rate was 88.1% . Conclusions Open reduction, internal fixation with anatomical plate, bone grafting, local use of bio- resorbable membranes, patella traction when necessary, fumigation and rinsing with Chinese herbs and CPM after operation are good measures to treat complex fractures of the distal femur, because they can provide stable fixation, allow early postoperative functional training, and prevent adhesion of quadriceps femoris and stiffness of the knee joint

A series of valproic acid salicylanilide esters were designed and synthesized based on the principle of prodrug. The structures of the target compounds were confirmed by MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. Anti-tumor activities of these compounds against K562, A549, A431 cells in vitro were investigated by MTT assay and SRB assay. The results indicated that the compounds 6h-6j were found to have stronger cell growth inhibitory action than gefitinib, and comparable to niclosamide, which are worth to be intensively studied further.

Objective To observe changes of cognitive function and the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interleukin 10(IL-10) in hippocampus of diabetic rats,and assess the role of inflammation in the possible pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy (DE).Methods 30 male SD rats were randomly divided into control group and diabetes mellitus group.After 4 weeks of feeding high fat diet,diabetes mellitus group according to 30mg/kg injected with streptozotocin to establish type 2 diabetic rat model.At the end of the experiment,cognition were evaluated using water maze test.The concentration of beta-amyloid(Aβ) in hippocampus of diabetic rats were detected through enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,and the expression of TNF-α,IL-10 were detected by Western blotting.The expression of Aβ,TNF-α,IL-10 were observed through immunohistochemistry.Results Time spent in the target quadrant in diabetes mellitus group was shorter than that in control group ((38.21± 3.68)s vs (42.10±2.62)s,t=3.105,P＜0.01).The frequency of crossing original platform site was less than that in control group((2.62±0.77) vs(3.69±0.95),t=3.184,P＜0.01).Compared with control group the expression of Aβ,TNF-α were higher(BothP＜0.01),and IL-10 were lower(P＜0.01)in diabetes mellitus group.The positive expression of Aβ,TNF-α were obviously and IL-10 were less obviously observed in diabetes mellitus group according to immunohistochemistry.Conclusion The cognitive decline in diabetic rats is possibly related to inflammatory cytokines expressing out of balance.

Objective To investigate the clinical application value of hand-assistant laparoscopy and total laparoscopy in radical right colectomy.Methods Five hundred and twenty-four patients were selected as our subjects who performed by hand-assistant laparoscopic radical right colectomy (213 cases) or total laparoscopic radical right colectomy (293 cases) in colon cancer therapy.The operation durations,bleeding volumes,postoperative pain scores,postoperative draining volumes,recovery time of gastrointestinal function,hospitalization times,hospitalization expenses,postoperative complications and cosmetic satisfactory scores were recorded and compared.Results The operation durations,bleeding volumes,postoperative draining volumes in hand-assistant laparoscopic group were (112.4±52.9) min,(105.6 ± 49.5) ml,(28.6± 15.7) ml,lower than those in total laparoscopic group((148.5±61.7) min,(171.5±72.4) ml,(28.6±15.7) ml;P=0.032,0.041,0.039).The recovery time of gastrointestinal function of hand-assistant laparoscopic group were (69.4±21.8) h,longer than total laparoscopic group ((53.4 ± 21.7) h;P =0.008).The hospitalization times,hospitalization expenses,postoperative complications of hand-assistant laparoscopic group were as same as total laparoscopic group(P＞0.05).Hand-assisted laparoscopic group mild pain in 35 cases,121 cases of moderate and severe 75 cases;Total 96 cases of mild pain in laparoscopic group,146 cases of moderate and severe in 51 cases,the difference was statistically significant(P=0.027).Beauty score incision of laparoscopic group was higher than in the whole hand-assisted laparoscopic group,the difference was statistically significant ((4.3 ± 0.9) score vs.(2.4±0.6) score;P=0.002).Conclusion Hand-assistant laparoscopic radical right colectomy is convenient and more quickly for operation.Total laparoscopic radical right colectomy has advantage in terms of less injury and the patients are more satisfactory.For practiced operators,total laparoscopic radical right colectomy is recommended cosmetic satisfactory score.

The aims of this article is to provide the quality control requirements of preanalytical variation for the determination of trace element aluminum,arsenic,chromium,cadmium and mercury in samples of human origin,reduce the influence of preanalytical variation on the test results.Refer to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) documents,Control of Preanalytical Variation in Trace Element Determinations and other references and guidelines,the methods of quality control of aluminum,arsenic,chromium,cadmium and mercury determination have been made,including:the factors needed to be considered in collection,preservation,transportation and other preanalytical factors,the abilities and considerations of laboratory staff,etc.Hope this article provide some useful suggestions and help to the laboratories of determination of aluminum,arsenic,chromium,cadmium and mercury in samples of human origin.

Objective To investigate the dates of 477 Chinese prenatal screening centers for previous half year analyse prena-tal screening status and provide recommendations for quality control.Methods All China prenatal screening centers were sent the data via the National Quality Assessment Scheme.This covered the software used,the risk cut-offs,monthly sample throughput,monthly median MoM of AFP,hCG,β-HCG,freeβ-HCG and uE3,monthly screening positive rate for trisomy 21,trisomy 18 and Open Neural Tube Defect.Results Screening protocol were versatile,with 73.48% (133/181)used two-marker model,24.31% (44/181)used three-marker model and 2.21% used four-marker model.About the software used, 350 laboratories never updated the screening parameters,89 laboratories had updated their median or parameter by manufac-turers,24 laboratories had updated the parameters by themselves.Cut-offs differed between laboratories.59.91% (275/459) used 1/270 as their cutoffs for trisomy 21.66.22% (296/447)used 1/350 as their cutoff for trisomy 18 and 96.52% (361/374)used cutoffs between 2.0~2.5 MOM for ONTD.Results of monthly median MOM:the percentage of laboratories that all six monthly median MOM within the target of 0.90~1.10 was 46.69% (155/332)for AFP,20.0% (4/20)for hCG, 29.17% (28/96)forβ-HCG,15.66% (31/198)for freeβ-HCG and 4.82% (11/228)for uE3.The percentage of laborato-ries that all six monthly median MOM within the target of 0.95~1.05 was 14.16% (47/332)for AFP,0% (0/20)for hCG,4.17% (4/96)forβ-HCG,12.63% (25/198)for freeβ-HCG and 4.82% (11/228)for uE3.About screening positive rate,there were difference of trisomy 2 1 positive rate in the same laboratory within the six month.Conclusion There were variations types of screening protocol,different kinds of soft platform,randomness of choice or update of medians or other important parameters and great difference in awareness of quality control.It would be taken effective and practical quality control measures to help laboratories improve quality control.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the method for the detection of the known glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R) gene mutation site rs3765467(NT_007592.16,position:39065819),and to evaluate its accuracy and practicability. METHODS:Peripheral venous blood samples of 72 healthy subjects were collected in medical examination center of our hospital during Oct. 2015-Feb. 2016. The whole blood DNA was extracted by column extraction method. After amplified by touch down PCR,high reso-lution melting(HRM)method was adopted to analyze amplified product. Sequencing verification by double stranded chain termina-tion method(Sanger sequencing method)was performed for 38 test samples. The results of 2 methods were compared. RESULTS:The results of mutation scanning showed that there were 39065817 and 39065819 polymorphism sites in amplified segments. Four types of mutations were detected by HRM method [GCG/GCG,GCA/GCG or ACG/GCG,GCA/GCA or ACG/ACG,A(G) CA(G)],but 6 types of mutations was detected by Sanger sequencing method [GCG/GCG,ACG/GCG,ACG/ACG,A(G)CA (G),GCA/GCG,GCA/GCA]. CONCLUSIONS:HRM method can identify GCG/GCG and A(G)CA(G)genotype,but can not identify GCA/GCG and ACG/GCG heterozygous mutation,GCA/GCA and ACG/ACG homozygous mutation. The method is not suitable for the detection of single nucleotide polymorphism for multiple neighboring sites. In the detection of single nucleotide mu-tation,economical and simple method should be selected after comprehensive analysis of sequence.

Objective To observe the inhibitory effect of andrographolide (AD) on the migration and invasion of human cervical cancer cells,and investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect of AD.Methods Human cervical cancer cell lines HeLa cells were cultured in vitro.After induced by 100 nmol/L of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate(PMA) for 24 h,different concentration of AD was co-incubated for another 24 h.Cell viability was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazoliym (MTT) assay.Chamber invasion assay was used to observe the migration and invasion,respectively.Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 subunit were detected by Western blot.Results The concentration (0 ～ 10 μmol/L) of AD exhibited a non-cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells.10 μmol/L of AD decreased PMA-induced migration by 49％ and invasion by 52％.Western blot showed that AD suppressed PMA-induced MMP-9 protein expression in a dose-dependent manner.Treatment of AD could decrease the translation of p65 in HeLa cells.Conclusions AD inhibits MMP-9 expression mediated by NF-κB,which lead to the suppression of migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells.

AIM: To determine the effect of endogenous histamine on transient forebrain ischemia-induced neuronal injury at the late phase of reperfusion using histidine decarboxylase knockout ( HDC-KO) mice.METHODS:Wild-type (WT) and HDC-KO mice were subjected to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion for 30 min followed by 3 d or 15 d of reperfusion.At different time points after reperfusion, the body weight, mortality rate, learning and memory in fear conditioning test and hippocampal CA 1 neuronal density were evaluated .RESULTS: At 1 d after reperfusion , the body weight loss was observed in both WT and HDC-KO mice.At 4 d, 5 d, 6 d and 7 d after reperfusion, the increment in the body weight of the HDC-KO mice was significantly smaller than that of the WT mice .During the period between 8 d and 14 d after reperfusion, the mortality rate of the HDC-KO mice was higher than that of the WT mice (P<0.05).At 14 d after reperfusion , the HDC-KO mice exhibited more aggravated deficits in contextual and cue memory compared with the WT mice.Correspondingly , a more severe CA1 neuronal injury in the HDC-KO mice than that in the WT mice was ob-served at 15 d but not at 3 d after reperfusion (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Endogenous histamine may attenuate learn-ing/memory deficits and neuronal injury at the late phase of ischemia /reperfusion.However, the involved mechanisms need to be further investigated .

Objective To investigate the value of MR perfusion imaging in early detection of findings following arterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma Methods Twenty eight consecutive patients with pathologically-confirmed HCC were evaluated. All patients underwent MR perfusion imaging at pre-TACE and 3 to 10 days after TACE. The negative enhancement integral (NEI) ,the time to peak(TTP) ,the maximum slope of decrease (MSD) , the signal enhance ratio (SER) were acquired from MRI software FuncTool 2. 5.36a Version. Statistical analysis using SPSS 14, least significant difference test (t test) were utilized. Results The time intensive curve of tumor was observed to descend rapidly to reach the peak at pre-TACE studies, whereas it descended slowly to reach the peak on post TACE studies. The Value of TTP and SER prior to TACE were(51.2 ± 10. 3) s, 60. 6 ± 36. 3 respectively, and post TACE (43.7 ± 12. 0)s, 41.2 ±27. 5 respectively. The values of TTP and SER post TACE were lower than those prior to TACE (P ＜ 0. 05). The value of NEI prior to TACE was 108.7 ± 58.9, and after TACE 149. 6 ±80. 1 and there was statistically significant difference (P ＜0. 05). The Value of MSD post TACE were lower than those prior to TACE, but there was no statistical significance (P ＞ 0. 05). Conclusion PWI is a very sensitive imaging technique that can be used to monitor early dynamic changes of HCC following TACE.