Objective To evaluate the effects of propofol on the proliferation of hippocampal neurons in fetal rats in vitro.Methods Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats at 16-18 days of gestation,were sacrificed and the fetal rats were taken out from the abdominal cavity.The hippocampal neurons of the fetal rats were isolated and seeded in culture plates.After being cultured for 9 days,the neurons were divided into 7 groups using a random number table(n =36 each):control group (C group),intralipid group (I group) and propofol 0.1,1.0,10.0,100.0,1 000.0 μmol/L groups (P1-5 groups).In group I,10％ intralipid was added to the culture media until the final concentration reached 100 μmol/L.In P1-5 groups,propofol was added to the culture media until the final concentration reached 0.1,1.0,10.0,100.0 and 1 000.0 μmol/L,respectively.The neurons were then incubated for 3 h.The proliferation of hippocampal neurons was determined by MTT assay at 12,24,36,48,60 and 72 h after the end of incubation with propofol.Results Compared with group C,the proliferation of hippocampal neurons was significantly decreased in P1-5 groups (P ＜ 0.05),while no significant change was found in group I (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group P1,the proliferation of hippocampal neurons was significantly decreased in group P5 (P ＜ 0.05),while no significant change was found in P2-4 groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Propofol can decrease the proliferation of hippocampal neurons in fetal rats in vitro.

Objective To explore the effect of interferon-?(IFN-?)on phenotypic transition of human Tenon’s conjunctival capsular fibroblast(HTCF). Methods Cultured HTCF derived from 4 operated human cataracts was induced for 48 hours in absence or presence of IFN-? and/or transforming growth factor-?1(TGF-?1). Then immunocytochemistry and Western blot technology were used to detect the ?-smooth muscle actin(?-SMA)expression and identificate the cell phenotype. Results In contrast to normal HTCF, IFN-?(10 ng/mL) inhibited the expression of ?-SMA(P

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on the activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) during propofol-induced apoptosis in hippocampal nerve cells of newborn rats.Methods Sixty male 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 10-15 g,were divided into 6 groups (n=10 each) using a random number table:normal saline group (group NS),fat emulsion group (group F),propofol group (group P) and different doses of dexmedetomindine groups (group D25,group D50 and group D75).Normal saline and fat emulsion 100 μl were injected intraperitoneally in group NS and group F,respectively.In group P,propofol 50 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected,and an increment of propofol 50 mg/kg was added after righting reflex completely recovered,with the total amount of 100 mg/kg.In group D25,group D50 and group D75,dexmedetomidine 25,50 and 75 μg/kg were intraperitoneally injected,respectively,and 30 min later propofol 100 mg/kg was administered.At 2 h after emergence,the rats were sacrificed,their brains were removed for determination of apoptosis in hippocampal nerve cells (by TUNEL),and the hippocampi were isolated for detection of the expression of GSK-3β and phosphorylated GSK-3β (p-GSK-3β) by Western blot analysis.The apoptosis index (AI) and ratio of p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β were calculated.Results Compared with group NS,AI was significantly increased,the expression of p-GSK-3β was down-regulated,and the p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β ratio was decreased in P,D25,D50 and D75 groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group P,AI was significantly decreased,the expression of p-GSK-3β was up-regulated,and the p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β ratio was increased in D25,D50 and D75 groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group D25,AI was significantly decreased (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the expression of p-GSK-3β or ratio of p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β in D50 and D75 groups (P＞0.05).Compared with group D50,AI was significantly decreased (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the expression of p-GSK-3β or ratio of p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β in group D75 (P＞0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which dexmedetomidine attenuates propofol-induced apoptosis in hippocampal nerve cells may be related to inhibition of GSK-3β activity in newborn rats.

Objective To investigate whether γH2AX could be a useful biomarker for evaluating the DNA double‐stranded . Methods Semem samples in case group were from 27 infertile males who were diagnosed in Andriatrics department or reproductive centre in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University .The other semen samples were from 23 healthy donors with fertility as comparison .The levels of γH2AX were detected by flow cytometry .Single cell gel electropherosis(SCGE)was applied to assess the level of DSBs of sperm .Density gradient centrifugation(DGC) was applied to optimized spermatozoa .Results TheγH2AX levels and the DSBs of the sperm of the infertile subjects were significantly higher than those of healthy males(P<0 .01) , and the levels of γH2AX and the DSBs of sperm significantly decreased in two groups by DGC(P<0 .01) .Conclusion The level of spermatozoaγH2AX is higher in male infertility patients than in healthy donors with fertility ,which might be a useful biomarker for evaluating DSBs of sperm .

Objective To evaluate the long-term efficacy of recombinant human endostatin (rh-Endo) combined with FOLFOX4 as an adjuvant treatment for patients of stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ colorectal cancer.Methods Eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive FOLFOX4 or FOLFOX4 plus rh-Endo regimen in which patients receiving 7.5 mg/m2 Ⅳ on day 1-7,repeated every 2 weeks,to a total of 12 cycles in 6 months.Results A total of 197 eligible patients were accrued in this research with 105 patients in the control group and 92 patients in the experimental arm.Median follow-up period was 42 months.The baseline characteristics distributed were balanced by treatment.Rh-Endo combined with FOLFOX4 regimen resulted in significant improvement on DFS compared to FOLFOX4 regimen for patients with stage Ⅲ colon cancer (HR =0.19,95％ CI0.05-0.75,P =0.0124),and with a 34％ improvement on 3-year DFS and 81％ reduced recurrence.Although rh-Endo combined with FOLFOX4 regimen failed to make significant difference on DFS in the whole (HR =0.75,95％ CI 0.31-1.83,P =0.5589),it was also observed a 17％ improveiment on 3-year DFS.No statistical significant difference on DFS was observed in patients with stage Ⅱ disease.Conclusions Rh-Endo combined with FOLFOX4 regimen significantly improved the disease-free survival for patients with stage Ⅲ colorectal cancer,indicating that patients with stage Ⅲ disease,but not stage Ⅱ disease,can benefit from FOLFOX4 plus rh-Endo regimen in adjuvant treatment.

Objective To establish and evaluate a gene microarray for determination katG mutations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates associated with resistance to isoniazid(INH).Methods A panel of probes were designed and gene chips were prepared by dotting.Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates resistance to 5 drugs was determined by proportional dilution methods.Amplicons of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were detected by our chip and sequenced.Results The drug resistance rate of the isolates to at least one of the anti-tuberculosis drugs was 70.8%(97/137).45 strains out 137 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates was resistant to INH(32.8%).katG was successfully amplified from 100% of the susceptible strains and 88.9%(40/45)resistant strains.4 of 45 INH resistant isolates' katG were deleted.27 of 40(67.5%) katG has been detected to have katG 315 codon mutations.The mutations were 315 AAC(Asn,13/40), ACC(Thr,6/40),ACA(Thr,4/40),ATC(Ile,2/40),AGC(Arg,2/40).The mutation rate of katG analyzed by gene chips we prepared were identical to katG sequencing.Conclusion The gene microarray techniques we developed for determination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to INH are specific, sensitive and may be used as an alternative in clinical laboratory.

Objective To study the characteristics of clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in patients less than 50 years-old of premature stable coronary heart disease(PSCHD)complicated with nonalcoholic fatty liver(NAFL).Methods One hundred and six patients with documented PSCHD were recruited into this study and their clinical data,including biochemical parameters,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hsCRP),white blood cell(WBC)count,ete.,were analyzed based on whether they had NAFL by B-type ultrasound scanning and their homeostasis model assessment ratio(Homa-IR)by the criteria for metabolic syndrome formulated by the International Diabetes Federation.Results Thirty-two (30.1percent)of 106 patients of PSCHD complicated with NAFL,and 74(69.9 percent)without NAFL. As compared to patients without NAFL,patients with NAFL had higher fasting blood glucose(FBS),serum level of insulin(INS),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),serum activity of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),hsCRP,WBC count,body mass index(BMI),Homa-IR,and higher proportion of those with abnormal blood glucose,hypertension.metabolic syndrome(MS)and carotid atherosclerosis (CA)(P＜0.05),respectively.Bi-variate correlation analysis revealed that hsCRP positively correlated to BMI,TG,ALT and Homa IR(r=0.420,P=0.000;r=0.200,P=0.040;r=0.218,P=0.048:and r=0.546,P=0.000,respectively)and inversely correlated with serum level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)(r=-0.220,P=0.023).WBC count positively correlated with FBS(r=0.211,P=0.030).BMI,hsCRP,ALT,and proportions of hypertension,diabetes,MS,NAFL and CA in patients with Homa-IR above median were significantly higher than those in patients with that below median ( P＜0.05,respectively).Conclusions More risk faetors for chronic inflammatory reaction,cardiovascular disease and insulin resistance were clustered more obviously in patients of PSCHD complicated with NAFL.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of acute inflammatory response and tissue repair when rats accepted transplanted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Methods A total of 40 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups which included the normal group (n=10),the model severe acute pancreatitis group (n=10),the transplanted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells group (n =10),and the combination of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) group (n=10).To cure the acute severe pancreatic injury caused by SAP,rats were injected with EDU-labeled MSCs and granulocyte colonystimulating factor (Gr-CSF).The conversion rate of MSCs to pancreatic cells or MSCs to endothelial cells was detected to assess the role of MSCs in tissue regeneration and repair.The expression of amylase,interleukin-6 (IL-6),and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in serum was detected to assess the role of MSCs in an acute inflammatory response.Results The concentrations of amylase and IL-6 were reduced and the concentration of IL-10 was increased in MSC and MSC+G-CSF groups after the onset of SAP.Flow cytometry showed a small amount of MSCs converting to endothelial or pancreatic cells,but the conversion rate was relatively low.Conclusions MSCs can play an important role in the antipre-release of inflammatory mediators,reducing acute immune response to control the acute inflammatory response in SAP.Moreover,MSCs can repair a damaged pancreas by converting into both pancreatic and endothelial cells.

The compatibility of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) formulae containing enormous information, is a complex component system. Applications of mathematical statistics methods on the compatibility researches of traditional Chinese medicines formulae have great significance for promoting the modernization of traditional Chinese medicines and improving clinical efficacies and optimizations of formulae. As a tool for quantitative analysis, data inference and exploring inherent rules of substances, the mathematical statistics method can be used to reveal the working mechanisms of the compatibility of traditional Chinese medicines formulae in qualitatively and quantitatively. By reviewing studies based on the applications of mathematical statistics methods, this paper were summarized from perspective of dosages optimization, efficacies and changes of chemical components as well as the rules of incompatibility and contraindication of formulae, will provide the references for further studying and revealing the working mechanisms and the connotations of traditional Chinese medicines.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; statistics & numerical data ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Drug Incompatibility ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective To investigate the roles of microRNA-382 (miR-382) in the pathogenesis of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF).Methods Human kidney epithelial cells (HK2)transfected with miR-382 inhibitor (antagomiR-382) were used to examine the effect of miR-382 abundance on cell polarity,as well as to test the complementary relationship between miR-382 and its predicted target gene heat shock protein 60 (HSPD1),which was further verified by 3'-untranslated region luciferase assay and site-directed mutagenesis.The role of miR-382 played in the development of renal interstitial fibrosis and redox regulation was examined in a mouse unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model.Locked nucleic acid (LAN)-modified anti-miR-382 was intravenous delivered via tail vein 30 min prior to UUO,and repeated the dosage 24 h after the surgery.For clinical verification,renal biopsy specimens from 12 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients were collected,6 patients with moderate to severe TIF and 6 patients without TIF.The relative abundance of miR-382 and HSPD1 protein was analyzed by using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry.Results HSPD1 was confirmed to be a new,direct target gene of miR-382 by in vitro 3'-untranslated region luciferase assay and sitedirected mutagenesis.The development of epithelial transition in HK2 cells was accompanied with upregulation of miR-382 [(6.54±0.96) vs (1.12±0.26),P ＜ 0.05].Blocking the expression of miR-382 could reversed the progression of epithelial transition partially.In UUO mice the abundance of miR-382 was up-regulated [(6.89 ± 2.47) vs (1.00±0.42),P ＜ 0.01] while HSPD1 and Trx were downregulated compared with the sham group.Down-regulation of miR-382 was associated with significant decrease in TIF,but increase in HSPD1 and thioredoxin protein compared with UUO group [HSPD1:(0.34±0.10) vs (0.14±0.05);Trx:(0.79±0.18) vs (0.36±0.16);all P ＜ 0.05].The expression of miR-382 was up-regulated and HSPD1 was significantly down-regulated in IgAN patients with TIF.Conclusions miR-382 play an important role in renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in human and mice.HSPD1 is one of the target genes of miR-382.The down-regulation of HSPD1 and the decrease ability of anti-oxidative stress may be the important mechanism of miR-382 involved in renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis.