For the high rate of relapse and metastasis,the 5-year survival rate in Pancreatic cancer patients is low.Surgery still is a effective treatment in pancreatic cancer.With the deep understanding of the disease,the operation of pancreatic cancer has been improved.In recent years,with the rapid development of laparoscopic techniques,minimally invasive surgery is also applied to the treatment of pancreatic cancer.This review summarizes some pancreatic cancer surgical operations developed in recent years.

Animals ; Antigens, Dermatophagoides ; genetics ; immunology ; Arthropod Proteins ; Asthma ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Mice ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, DNA ; immunology

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Failure ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies

Administration, Inhalation ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Asthma ; drug therapy ; Child ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Pediatrics ; trends

Digestive System Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Humans ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures

Cardiovascular Agents ; therapeutic use ; Chronic Disease ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Coronary Disease ; drug therapy ; Double-Blind Method ; Humans

Aim To establish a gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cell line, and observe its pharmacological properties. Methods HCC827 cells were treated with hepatocyte growth factor( HGF) and increasing concen-tration of gefitinib to induce cell resistance. MTT assay was used to test cell viability and chemosensitivity. Clone formation and Edu staining were used to verify the inhibitory effect of gefitinib on cell growth. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to assay the expres-sion of c-Met. Results The use of HGF greatly short-ened the induction time of HCC827GR resistant cells. gefitinib could significantly suppress cell viability, col-ony formation and cell proliferation of HCC827 , but had a weaker inhibitory effect on HCC827GR cells. HCC827GR overexpressed c-Met protein, and was highly sensitive to c-Met inhibitors. Conclusion The gefitinib-resistant HCC827 GR cells were induced suc-cessfully and efficiently. The growth of HCC827GR is dependent on the activity of c-Met protein, and it can be used as a phenotypic screening model of c-Met in-hibitors.

BACKGROUND:Three-dimensional bioprinting technology is the emerging technology in recent years, which is one of the branches of tissue engineering. The three-dimensional bioprinting technology has been used in the reproduction process of in vitro tissues and organs, which has achieved surprising outcomes.
OBJECTIVE:To review the three-dimensional bioprinting technology in terms of its principles, operating steps, relationships with tissue engineering, advantages and chal enges, as wel as clinical applications.
METHODS:The first author did a computer-aided retrieval of the PubMed database, CNKI database, and CQVIP database for articles relevant to three-dimensional bioprinting technology used in tissue engineering published between January 2000 and October 2000. The key words were“three-dimensional bioprinting, tissue engineering, rapid prototyping technology, scaffold materials, selective laser sintering, fuseddeposition modeling, stereolithography”in English and Chinese. Repetitive studies were excluded, and 52 of 79 related literatures were adopted in result analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Three-dimensional bioprinting technology is one of the branches of tissue engineering, which can build a virtual three-dimensional structure layer by layer under the computer-aided design technology, with the help of imaging data information (including CT and MRI). This technology has the advantages of high precision, high building speed, fabrication on demand, and also has the chal enges in engineering mechanics and biological activities. In a word, it is a meaningful and promising technology in clinical application.

0.05).Conclusion BNP and hsCRP may be involved in the occurrence and sustainment of atrial fibrillation.The serum levels of BNP and hsCRP may serve as independent indexes of atrial fibrillation.CK-MB may be not involved in the incidence and development of atrial fibrillation.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of 4 different therapeutic regimens for cervicitis of chlamydia trachomatis.METHODS:4therapeutic regimens including regimen A(azithromycin by oral administration),regimen B(azithromycin by intravenous injection),regimen C(minocycline by oral administration),regimen D(levofloxacin and de?oxycycline by oral administration)were analyzed using cost-effectiveness analysis.RESULTS:The total costs of A,B,C,D4regimens were(645.20?109.56)yuan,(933.10?249.90)yuan,(413.14?38.04)yuan,and(489.00?83.60)yuan respective?ly;The effective rate were96.2%,98.6%,93.4%and94.1%respectively;The ratios of cost to effectiveness were6.71,9.46,4.42,and5.19respectively;As compared with regimen C,the incremental cost effectiveness ratios for regimen A,B and D were82.88,99.99,and108.37respectively.CONCLUSION:Regimen C is the preferable one.