Climacteric ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; drug therapy ; Methimazole ; therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy

The family of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) belongs to the superfamily of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). It has various functions in the body. In recent years the BMPs family(especially the BMP7) has been discovered to play an important role on the genesis and development of cancer. In this article the characteristic, the mechanism and the function of BMP7 in the genesis and development of cancer are summarized.

China ; Environmental Exposure ; prevention & control ; standards ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; standards ; Seasons ; Temperature ; Workplace ; legislation & jurisprudence ; standards

Objective: To discuss the management principles and skills for treatment of intractable ureterostenosis under ureteroscope. Methods: Our management experience on 19 patients with intractable ureteral stenosis was retrospectively analyzed. The 19 cases included urological TB-caused multiple ureteral stenosis, oncothlipsis to ureters from intestinal tract or gynecology, restenosis 3 months to 12 years after pelviureteric junction plasty, operative site stenosis after ureterolithotomy, double ureter back flow accompanied by stenosis, ureter imperforation after renal parenchyma lithotomy without placing double "J", ureter imperforation 3 months after extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy due to ureterolith, tubal bladder stoma stenosis after renal transplantation, restenosis after tubal bladder stoma due to distal ureterostenosis, and so on. All the patients were treated under ureteroscope. The management methods included: the Wolf 8/9. 8 CH12° and Wolf 6/7. 6 CH5° ureteroscope was used as a dilator to dilate the stenoses; balloon expanding under ureteroscope was used to dilate the stenoses; the ureter pliers was used to expand the stenoses to different directions; the cold knife was used to open the stenoses; if the diameter of stenoses were smaller than the that of the ureteroscopes, F4. 5 or F3 double "J" tubes were inserted guided by a wire under ureteroscope; and 2 or 3 weeks later, a larger tube or two tubes were introduced into the stenoses already dilated partly by the former tube. Results: Ureteroscopic method failed in treating 2 patients in our group and succeeded in treating all the other patients. The outcomes of patient were fine during 2 months to 3 years' follow-up. Conclusion: It is difficult to treat patients with intractable ureterostenoses. With good experience in manipulation of ureteroscope, the flexible application of several techniques according to the different conditions of different patients can guarantee successful treatment in most patients.

Objective: A rapid and sensitive method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantitative determination of salvianolic acid B (Sal B) and its main active metabolite danshensu(DSS) in rat plasma. Methods: The analytes were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate after IS (IS, chloramphenicol) spiked. The separation was performed on a Symmetry C18 column with methanol-acetonitrile-0.5% formic acid (55:5:40) as mobile phase at a flowrate of 0.4 mL/min. The triple quadrupole LC-MS system was operated under selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode using the electrospray ionization technique in negative mode. Quantification was performed using SRM of the transitions m/z 717→519 for Sal B, 197→135 for DSS, and 321→152 for the IS, respectively. Results: The nominal retention times for Sal B, DSS , and IS were 3.12, 2.60, and 3.98 min, respectively. The standard calibration curve for spiked rat plasma containing Sal B was linear over the range 10-5 000 ng/mL with a correlation coefficient (r >0.995). And DSS was linear over the range 5-5000 ng/mL with a correlation coefficient (r>0.995). The lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) of Sal B and DSS of the method were 10 and 5 ng/mL, respectively. The intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision of the assay were less than 12.6%. After Sal B was ig administered to rats, absorption of Sal B was rapidly metabolized to DSS. Pharmacokinetic parameters of Sal B and DSS after ig administration Sal B to Wistar rats were: Cmax (1.21±0.31) and (0.27±0.05) μg/mL, tmax (0.50±0.00) and (0.56±0.18) h, t1/2 (1.20±0.11) and (1.57±0.16) h, AUC0-1 (1.31±0.30) and (0.39±0.05) μg·mL-1·h. Conclusion: This method has been applied successfully to a pharmacokinetic study of Sal B and its metabolite DSS involving the ig administration of Sal B to rats.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of DTaP-IPV/Hib combined vaccine in comparison with commercially available DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), tetanus conjugate and IPV monovalent vaccine. Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on DTaP-IPV/Hib were retrieved by searching interna-tional and national databases. The pooled mean difference and relative risk and 95% CI were assessed by meta analysis with RevMan 5.0 software. Results Totally 6 studies were included for the final analysis. The seroprotection/seroconversion level of the Anti-PT (RR=0.26, 95%CI: 0.14, 0.48) in combination vaccine was higher. The antibody titer levels of Anti-PT (WMD=21.11, 95%CI:9.36, 32.86), Anti-polio type1 (WMD=59.15, 95%CI:2.81, 115.48), Anti-polio type 3 (WMD=169.82, 95%CI:75.33, 264.30) were higher respectively. But the antibody titer level of Anti-PRP (WMD=-3.58, 95%CI:-5.52,-1.64) in the com-bination vaccine group was lower. Redness (RR=0.82, 95%CI:0.72, 0.93) and Tenderness (RR=0.45, 95%CI:0.30, 0.65) were lower in the combination vaccine. Swelling (RR=2.03, 95%CI:1.02, 4.01) was more common in the patients given the combina-tion vaccine. Conclusions This study supports the conclusion that the DTaP-IPV/Hib combination vaccine is equivalent to the separate injections based on similar antibody responses to the vaccine antigens, effectiveness and safety after primary doses.

Objective To comprehensively evaluate the effect of health education on intervening iodine deficiency disorders(IDD) in Chinese pupils and housewives,and to provide a basis for prevention and intervention of the disease.Methods A computerized literature search was carried out in Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM),Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),VIP,Wangfang and PubMed to collect articles published from 1997-2012 concerning the effect of education intervention on iodine deficiency disorders (IDD).The study was a self-controlled intervention study.Meta-analyses were performed to assess the knowledge on IDD prevention and behavior changes.Fixed and random effect models were employed to combine results after a heterogeneity test,and rate different(RD) was used as an indicator of the intervention effect.Results A total of 20 controlled before and after studies were included in our meta-analysis.The quality of individual studies was assessed by EPOC,and all studies were grade B.Because the heterogeneity was higher,each knowledge point was stratified analyzed according to the baseline rate.The results showed that the lower the baseline rate,the better the effect of the intervention.The analysis indicated that the RD for the main harm of IDD,the RD for the key measure to prevent IDD,the RD for the meaning of the pattern on the bags,and the RD for knowledge dissemination of IDD were increased by 35％,29％,27％,42％ and 47％,respectively.Conclusion Health education is helpful to Chinese pupils and housewives in improving their IDD related knowledge and their attitudes toward IDD.

Objective To understand the impacts of a small antimony smeltery on surrounding environment. Methods The samples of raw materials,such as ore and coal,soil and plant around a small antimony smeltery in southwest Guizhou province were analyzed. Results The levels of arsenic,mercury,fluoride ,antimony and selenium in soil around the antimony smeltery significantly increased compared with the average background levels of related elements in nationwide range . The levels of arsenic, mercury,fluoride ,antimony and selenium in soil around the antimony smeltery were 1. 73～4.69,4. 75～237.5,2. 26～3.42,35.6～36. 2,54. 29～57.14 times as much as their related average levels in our country respectively. The levels of arsenic ,mercury ,fluoride and selenium in soil around the smeltery were 1.25～ 3. , 58,1.86～ 93.14,1.38～ 2.08,33. 04～ 34.78 times as much as their related average levels of Guizhou province respectively. The levels of arsenic, mercury, fluoride, antimony and selenium in corn leaves around the smeltery was 67,26.7,1046.4,2220,38. 8 times as much as their related average levels in non-polluted plants respectively. Conclusion The air pollutants,such as sulphur,arsenic,mercury,fluoride,antimony and selenium in industrial waste gas emitted from the antimony smeltery had resulted in heavy pollution to the environment, which was aggravated by the application of coal with high level of sulphur.

To investigate the interrelationship between plasma renin activity(PRAXaldosterone (Ald),atrial natri-uretic peptide ( ANP ) and blood volume ( BV ) in adult nephrotic syndrome ( NS ) . Methods BV was assessed using 113mInCl dilution method. PRA、 Angiotensin Ⅱ (AngⅡ)、Ald、ANP were determined by radioirnmunoassay. 28 edema-tous NS patients,26 healthy controls and 18 cases of remission were involved. Results (1)During edematous period, PR, AngⅡ , Ald、 ANP were higher in NS than in controls. There was no difference of BV between NS and controls. Albumin ,PRA,AngⅡ 、Ald and ANP were not correlated with BV; (2)After remission, comparing with edematous period, Ald 、ANP deceased significantly whereas PRA、AngⅡ、Ald and total BV were not different; (3) Urine natrium excretion (UNaV) was negatively correlated with Aid. Conclusion Ald and ANP may be the major regulating factors of sodium excretion in nephrotic syndrome.

Objective Based on the investigation of household drinking water in Lanzhou, the reason and difference of selecting drinking water by different households of educational and earning level were analyzed. Methods 1 000 households in Lanzhou city were chosen to fill the questionnaires, and the statistical analysis were performed. Results The tap water was chosen by 65.3% of Lanzhou households. 29.8% Lanzhou households drank barreled drinking water. The "convenience" and "price" were major concerns when Lanzhou residents chose drinking water. The acceptable price of barreled drinking water was 7.2 yuan(RMB) per barrel. The households of high income and well educated were the principal households using depth treatment water as drinking water. Residents in Lanzhou city had little concerns about quality of tap water. Conclusion The tape water was chosen by a majority of Lanzhou households as drinking water. The price was the major reason for Lanzhou residents to choose drinking water. In order to keep healthy,the residents should choose safe and healthy drinking water,and they had better clean the trough.