Objective:To investigate the effects of various deco cting times,and frequencies on the main active components of Radix et Rhizoma Rh ei and Rhizoma Coptidis decocting together so as to determine the best extractin g technology.Methods:Orthogonal method was used to screen the extracting techno logy and TLC scanning to determine the content of main active components. Conclu sion: Proper decocting frequency and adding water volume will increase the yield of the main active components.

Abstract: Objective　To study the distribution and influencing factors of hospitalization costs of elderly patients with diabetes in Hainan Province, providing evidence for the relevant governmental departments in the formulation of prevention and treatment strategies for elderly diabetes. Methods Based on the homepage data of medical records of tertiary hospitals in Hainan Province in 2022, the hospitalization costs of elderly diabetes patients in Hainan Province were divided into five grades: lower, low, general, high, and higher. The hospitalization costs of 8 183 elderly diabetes patients in Hainan Province and their influencing factors were analyzed by using an ordered multicategory logistic regression model. Results The hospitalization costs of the elderly patients with diabetes in Hainan Province as a whole showed a right-skewed distribution but followed a nearly normal distribution within the range of 0-50 000 yuan, with a mean value of (10 446.32±10 228.36) yuan. The number of hospitalizations, medical institution visited, type of medical insurance, reimbursement ratio, household registration, gender, age, place of birth, marital status, and work unit were related factors affecting the level of hospitalization costs of elderly diabetes patients in Hainan Province (P<0.05). Compared to the group with ≥4 hospitalizations, the estimated coefficients for the group with 1 hospitalization was (β=-0.728, 95%CI: -0.852 to -0.603, P<0.001), for the group with 2 hospitalizations: (β=-0.359, 95%CI: -0.511 to -0.206, P<0.001), and for the group with 3 hospitalizations: (β=-0.314, 95%CI: -0.495 to -0.133, P<0.001), indicating that fewer hospitalizations significantly reduced hospitalization costs. Compared to those treated in medical institutions in other cities and counties, patients treated in Haikou City had (β=1.137, 95%CI: 1.028 to 1.247, P<0.001), and patients treated in Sanya City had (β=1.046, 95%CI: 0.916 to 1.175, P<0.001), showing that hospitalization costs for patients in Haikou and Sanya cities were significantly higher than those in other regions. Compared to those using commercial health insurance, patients using urban employee basic medical insurance had (β=-0.352, 95%CI: -0.531 to -0.173, P<0.001), those using urban resident basic medical insurance had (β=-0.384, 95%CI: -0.587 to -0.182, P<0.001), and those using the new rural cooperative medical insurance had (β=-0.545, 95%CI: -0.754 to -0.335, P<0.001), indicating that using social medical insurance significantly reduced hospitalization costs. Conclusions Diabetes patients consume a lot of medical and health resources, imposing a heavy economic burden on individuals, families, and society. Early prevention and treatment of diabetes should be implemented, with a focus on the health management of the elderly population to reduce the medical burden of diabetes in the future.

Objective To evaluate the effect of mini-abdominal incision for choledochoscopy via cystic duct in exploration of the common bile duct(CBD).Methods The right subcostal incision was 4-6 cm in length.Choledochoscopy via cystic duct stump for exploration and extraction of CBD stones was done in 135 cases.Results The CBD stone was removed in 109 of 135 patients(80.7%).The CBD exploration was negative in 26 cases(19.3%)and retained CBD stones occurred in 4 cases(3.0%).One case(0.7%)had intraoperative injury of common bile duct,2 cases(1.5%)had tear of cystic duct stump,and 2 cases(1.5%)had biliary leakage,all the 5 cases were recovered after treatment.Conclusions The mini-abdominal incision with choledochoscopy via cystic duct for exploration of the CBD is safe and feasible.

Objective To explore the effect of continued nursing on postpartum breastfeeding within 6 months. Methods Two hundred and twenty parturient women were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group using random digits table. The control group received breastfeeding knowledge education and nursing skills instruction. The observation group was given continued nursing and breastfeeding guidance . The two groups were compared in terms of breastfeeding rates at 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 months . Result The breastfeeding rates of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group at each time point ( all P < 0 . 05 ) . Conclusion According to reasons why the parturient women don′t breastfeed , they are given continued nursing and detailed solutions after discharge , to make them confident in breast feeding and improving breastfeeding rate within six months after delivery .

BACKGROUND:The expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is enhanced in fibroblasts of aging skin; tripterine and ginsenoside Rd possess immunosuppression and anti-aging effects. Arotinoid ethyl ester can used to treat sun-induced aging skin,which accompanied by many side effects. OBJECTIVE:To discuss the regulation role of ginsenoside Rd,celastrol,arotinoid ethyl ester on MMP-1 and MMP-3 of the cultured fibroblasts of the human dermis in vitro. METHODS:The human dermis circumcision by surgical excision on newborn was obtained from Department of Surgery,Luzhou Medical College,and the informed consent obtained from patients. Culture of fibroblasts were as follow:①No treatment in the normal control group. ②Radiated with 80 kJ/m2 ultraviolet and treated by 100 mg/L 8-methoxypsoralen in the positive control group. ③Treated by ultraviolet radiation+8-methoxypsoralen+arotinoid ethyl ester in the arotinoid ethyl ester group. ④Treated by ultraviolet radiation +8-methoxypsoralen+triptolide in the triptolide group. ⑤Treated by ultraviolet radiation+8-methoxypsoralen+ginsenoside Rd in the ginsenoside Rd group. The triptolide group was divided into 3 groups with doses of 10,20,and 40 mg/L. The ginsenoside Rd group was divided into 3 groups with doses of 20,50 and 100 mg/L. The immunohistochemistry staining of MMP-1 and MMP-3 of the fibroblasts in each group was observed. RESULTS and CONCLUSION:The expressions of MMP-1and MMP-3 were significantly increased in the positive control group,which had a significant difference to the normal control group (P 0.05). The results demonstrated that:①Ginsenoside Rd and tripterine exhibit comparably effect on prevent and cure sun-induced aging skin. ②The wide ranges of effective concentration lead to little side effect to the body. ③ The action mechanisms of ginsenoside Rd,celastrol and arotinoid ethyl ester in preventing and curing sun-induced aging skin is adjusting the expressions of MMP-1 and MMP-3.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect and the mechanism of allicin on experimental Behcet′s disease (BD) . Methods BD models were established .Then ,model mice were randomly divided into experimental group ,positive control group and negative control group ,with respectively nasogastric infusion allicin ,colchicine and saline respectively .Before and after treatment , the changes of the skin lesions were visually observed .Cytokines of IFN‐γ,TNF‐αand IL‐4 in serum were detected by ELISA anal‐ysis ,while the markers of T‐AOC ,MDA ,SOD and GSH‐PX by chemical colorimetric methods .Results After modeling ,ulcers ap‐peared on the back ,abdomen and genital of model mice with IFN‐γ,TNF‐α,IL‐4 and MDA elevation ,while T‐AOC ,SOD and GSH‐PX decrease .Twenty days of treatment later ,ulcer on mice in the experimental group and positive control group healed .After 30 days ,only two mice in the experimental group recurred ,while 6 mice in the positive control group ,which showed a significant differ‐ence between two groups (P<0 .05) .After treatment ,IFN‐γ,TNF‐αand IL‐4 levels in the experimental group were markedly low‐er than pretreatment (P<0 .01) ,but no significant difference compared with the positive control group (P>0 .05) .Meanwhile ,T‐AOC ,SOD and GSH‐PX levels in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the pretreatment ,but MDA was lower (P<0 .01) .In comparison with the positive control group ,levels of those markers in the experimental group changed remark‐ably (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Allicin is an effective drug in the treatment of experimental BD .The therapeutic mechanism of allicin may be the inhibition of inflammatory mediators and prevention of oxidative stress .

Objective To investigate the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome ( OSAHS) associated with nasal resistance.Methods 30 cases with obstructive sleep apneahypopnea syndrome ( OSAHS ) in the OSAHS group, 30 cases with snoring but without OSAHS in the snoring group and 30 cases with normal group based on polysomnog-raphy were detected the nasal resistance.Results The index of thsnoring index[(42.7 ±27.3),(19.4 ±18.5), AHI(38.7 ±30.2),(5.9 ±1.6)and Resl+r(1.63 ±1.11)Pa· s-1· mL-1,(0.72 ±0.31)Pa· s-1· mL-1] in OSAS group and snoring group were significantly higher than those of the normal group ( t=6.451,7.444,7.698,all P<0.05);The index of lowest oxygen saturation ( SaO2 ) ,Flowl+r in OSAS group and thsnoring group were lower than that in normal group(t=7.551,7.334,all P<0.05);There were significant differences among groups of nasal resistance (t=7.451,8.144,8.608,8.904,all P<0.05);There were positive correlation between nasal resistance and snore index (r=5.658,P<0.01);The index of nasal resistance correlated with AHI index (r=0.002,P>0.05),wake times (r=0.083,P>0.05) and lowest SaO2(r=0.105,P>0.05)were not significantly correlated;The cases with OSAS cephalometric.The results suggest majority snoring symptoms significantly more at supine posi-tion in OSAS.Conclusion Nasal resistance increased,which may be associated with the occurrence in patients with OSAHS.

BACKGROUND: The expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is enhanced in fibroblasts of aging skin; tripterine and ginsenoside Rd possess immunosuppression and anti-aging effects. Arotinoid ethyl ester can used to treat sun-induced aging skin, which accompanied by many side effects, OBJECTIVE: To discuss the regulation role of ginsenoside Rd, celastrol, arotinoid ethyl ester on MMP-1 and MMP-3 of the cultured fibroblasts of the human dermis in vitro. METHODS: The human dermis circumcision by surgical excision on newborn was obtained from Department of Surgery, Luzhou Medical College, and the informed consent obtained from patients. Culture of fibroblasts were as follow: ①No treatment in the normal control group. ②Radiated with 80 kJ/m~2 ultraviolet and treated by 100mg/L8-methoxypsoralen in the positive control group. ③Treated by ultraviolet radiation+8-methoxypsoralen+arotinoid ethyl ester in the arotinoid ethyl ester group. ④Treated by ultraviolet radiation +8-methoxypsoralen+triptolide in the triptolide group. ⑤Treated byultraviolet radiation+8-methoxypsoralen+ginsenoside Rd in the ginsenoside Rdgroup. The triptolide group was divided into 3 groups with doses of 10, 20, and 40 mg/L. The ginsenoside Rd group was divided into 3 groups with doses of 20, 50 and 100 mg/L. The immunohistochemistry staining of MMP-1 and MMP-3 of the fibroblasts in each group was observed. RESULTS and CONCLUSION: The expressions of MMP-1 and MMP-3 were significantly increased in the positive control group, which had a significant difference to the normal control group (P < 0.05). Compared to the positive control group, the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3 significantly decreased in the treatment groups (P < 0.05); however, the differences among each treatment groups had no significance (P > 0.05). The results demonstrated that:①Ginsenoside Rd and tripterine exhibit comparably effect on prevent and cure sun-induced aging skin.②The wide ranges of effective concentration lead to little side effect to the body. ③The action mechanisms of ginsenoside Rd, celastrol and arotinoid ethyl ester in preventing and curing sun-induced aging skin is adjusting the expressions of MMP-1 and MMP-3.

Objective To investigate the relationship between myeloperoxidase(MPO) and ankle brachial index(ABI) in patients with htypehypertension.Methods A total of 133 patients were enrolled in this study,and divided in to htypehypertention group(n=72),non-htypehypertension group(n=30) and normotension group(n=31).Their Hcy,ABI and MPO levels were measured and compared.Results The ABI in htypehypertention group and non-htypehypertension was significantly lower than that in normotension group (P<0.05),ABI in non-htypehypertension group was lower than that of htypehypertonsion group(P<0.05).MPO and CRP in the htypehypertension group was significant higher that those of normotension group(P<0.05).The ABI was negatively related with the serum MPO and CRP levels in htypehypertention group (r=-0.712,-0.722,P<0.05).Conclusion ABI is closely related with MPO,and play an important role in diagnosis of artery function impairment and high risk of htypehypertension patients.

Objective To analyze the early warning indicators of tuberculous peritonitis (TBP)in patients with cirrhotic ascites.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 62 patients with cirrhotic ascites hospitalized in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2010 to December 2012.The chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for uni-variate analysis,while the logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis.Results There were significant differences between TBP group and non-TBP group in sex,history of primary peritonitis,erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),serum tuberculosis antibody, percentage of lymphocytes in ascites (≥50%),and prothrombin activity (PTA)(P<0.05 for all).The odds ratios (ORs)of history of primary peritonitis,PTA,ESR,and percentage of lymphocytes in ascites (≥50%)for development of TBP in patients with cirrhotic ascites were 1.933,3.205,2.716,and 11.701,respectively (P<0.05 for all),and the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.831,0.815,0.775,and 0.935,respectively (P<0.05 for all).Conclusion History of primary peritonitis,PTA,ESR,and per-centage of lymphocytes in ascites (≥50%)are the early warning indicators of TBP in patients with cirrhotic ascites;these early warning in-dicators,especially percentage of lymphocytes in ascites (≥50%),have good predictive values.