Objective To evaluation diagnosis value of bone tumors by X-ray,CT,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) imaging methods.Methods 42 cases with bone tumor were detected by X-ray,39 cases and 12 cases were detected by CT and MRI,respectively.The clinical data in bone tumors by three imaging methods were comparied with the results of pathology.Results There were 11 cases with benign bone tumor(6 cases with giant cell tumor of bone and 5 cases with osteochoedroma),18 cases with malignant bone tumor( 14 cases with osteosarcoma,4with chondrosarcoma),13 with metastatic tumor.The accuracy diagnostic rates of X-ray,CT and MR were 76.2%,92.3% and 100.0%,respectively.Conclusion Three kinds imaging of bone tumors can be early explored,diagnosised and provided a reliable basis of clinical treatment.

Vascular eognitive impairment (VCI) is a large class of syndromes from mild cognitive impairment to dementia, which are caused by the cerebrovascular risk factors (eg, hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipemia), obvious (eg, cerebral infarction and intracerebral hemorrhage) or unobvious cerebrovascular diseases (leukoaraiosis and chronic cerebral ischemia). Accurate early diagnosis provides the best treatment opportunity and slows down the progress of the disease. In recent years, the research on VCI has made a great progress. This article reviews VCI from the aspects of the etiology, clinical manifestation, neuropsychology, imaging, neuroelectrophysiology, biomarkers, and diagnostic criteria.

OBJECTIVE To study anatomical features of the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery(ICA)via the extended transsphenoid approach under endoscope.METHODS Extended transsphenoid approach was performed on 11 adult cadaver heads.The appearance features of the cavernous segment of the ICA and its vessel branches were observed under endoscope.RESULTS The cavernous segment of the ICA can be divided into 5 segments and has 3 vessel branches.The optico-carotid recess is the landmark to define the ICA and optic nerve during operation.The optico-carotid recess is located between internal carotid and optic prominences,all of them are located on the lateral wall of the sphenoid sinus.CONCLUSION The cavernous segment of the ICA is the most important anatomic structure via the extended transsphenoid approach.The cavernous segment of the ICA,branch vessels,and important nerve tissue structures can be clearly visualized under endoscope via the extended transsphenoid approach.An extended transsphenoid approach with the help of an endoscope is an optimal surgical approach for the lesions that invade the internal wall of cavernous sinus.

Objective To analyze the effect of antimicrobial enema liquid to explore different bacterial infection patients with chronic pelvic inflammatory disease by clearing away heat and promoting diuresis, detumescence,promoting blood circulation and relieving pain, and to investigate the influence of antimicrobial enema liquid applicated in rectal on endovaginal microecologics.Methods Seventy-one cases of chronic pelvic inflammatorydisease patients were selected as the research objects in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University from March 2011 to January 2012.The bacterial culture of cervical secretions in patients with chronic pelvic inflammatory disease(excluding the vulva and vaginitis) was swab by cotton swab, then bacterial culture and bacterial vaginal infection Wulian analysis were conducted.The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC) of the common pathogenic bacteria were determined by using the flat dish two times dilution method according to the different kinds of pathogenic bacteria.Wulian analysis bacterial vaginal infection was reviewed after patients received the same kind of enema rectal administration.Results Main pathogenic bacteria in 71 cases of patients with chronic pelvic inflammatory disease were enterococcus faecalis of 12.5％ (4/71), beta hemolytic streptococcus of 31.25％ (10/17), escherichia coli of 34.38％ (11/71), Staphylococcus aureus of 28.13％ (9/71), mlicrococcus scarlatinae of 6.25％ (2/71), bacillus typhosus of 6.25％ (2/71), Shigella of 3.13％ (1/71), staphylococcus epidermidis of 3.13％ (1/71), klebsiella pneumoniae of 3.13％ (1/71) and pseudomonas aeruginosa of 3.13％ (1/71) .Chronic pelvic inflammatory disease enema on enterococcus faecalis, beta hemolytic streptococcus, escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and antibacterial activity was obvious, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were the original drug concentration of 1/32,1/32,1/16, 1/16, the minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC) respectively as raw material concentrations of 1/16, 1/8, 1/8, 1/8;has certain antibacterial activity against streptococcus pyogenes, typhoid salmonella, shigella flexneri, the MIC were the original drug concentrations of 1/8,1/8,1/4,the MBC were the original drug concentrations of 1/8,1/4,1/4.In vitro antibacterial activity on pseudomonas aeruginosa, coagulase negative staphylococci was not obvious.There were statistically significant differences in PH activity abnormality rate (67.61％ vs 36.62％), positive rate of catalase (66.20％ vs 29.58％), leukocyte esterase (56.33％ vs 29.58％), neuraminidase (53.52％ vs 25.35％), proline aminopeptidase (57.75％ vs 32.39％) and glucosaminidase(52.11％ vs 22.55％) after enema liquid applicated in rectal, and the difference was significant(P＜0.5).Conclusion The use of clearing away heat and promoting diuresis, detumescence, Huoxue Zhitong enema on chronic pelvic inflammatory disease pathogenic bacteria have certain inhibition, especially enterococcus faecalis infection.The drug has efficient on chronic pelvic inflammatory disease and endovaginal microecologics.

OBJECTIVE:To study the preparation of fluconazole eyedrops as well as its quality control.METHODS:The content of fluconazole in eyedrops was determined with HPLC.The quality control of eyedrops has done in accordance with ChP.RESULTS:The average recovery was100.4%,RSD=0.54%(n=5).CONCLUSION:The formula of this preparation is reasonable with simple and convenient technology.Moreover,its quality control is easy to handle.

Filtration surgeries,especially trabeculectomy,are the most common surgeries for glaucoma.Although trabeculectomy has excellent efficacy for reducing intraocular pressure(IOP),glaucoma filtering blebs have been frequently associated with various postoperative complications including filtering bleb failure and ocular surface dysfunctions.Surgical treatments of the natural aqueous outflow system,in and around Schlemm's canal,to restore normal function without penetration of the intraocular space has been considerable interest in recent years as glaucoma surgeons continue their quest for a procedure that reduces IOP without the risk related with filtering bleb.As a result,more blebless glaucoma surgeries have developed gradually in the past years.

Many methods have been established in developing artificial airway since the first time that tracheotomy was developed by Egyptians and Indians 3000 years ago.Artificial airway is currently widely applied in critical care medicine,and plays an important role in the rescue of critically ill patients.It aims to improve ventilation and correct anoxia,to disencumber airway obstruction,to clean away airway secretions effectively and protect airway from risk of aspiration.This paper discussed about the nursing of tracheotomy and phlegm sucking,phlegm sucking related problems such as hypoxia,trachea hemorrhage and atelectasis,and ways to clean away secretions on air pocket.The risks of ventilator associated pneumonia,airway humidification and the physical and psychological needs were also discussed.

Objective: To clarify the relationship between the two malignancy diseases: small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia (SLL/ CLL) and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in the same patient. Methods: We performed bone marrow smear, lymph node biopsy, the cytogenetic and genome research, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and flow cytometry (FCM) in a 52-year-old male patient who developed Ph-positive CML 5 years after the onset of SLL/CLL and reviewed the related literature. Results: Bone marrow smear and the lymph node biopsy confirmed the SLL/ CLL diagnosis and FISH detection showed no Philadelphia (Ph)-positive chromosome in the early stage of disease. After 5-year chemotherapy, bone marrow culture demonstrated an abnormal karyotypes of 46, XY, t (9;22) (q34; q11). The bone marrow of the patient displayed typical features of CML. FCM detection confirmed that two abnormal clones coexisted in the same patient. Conclusion: These results indicate that the two neoplastic populations originated independently, the second neoplasia may be related with the over-therapy of the first neoplasia.

Objective: To study the expression of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) in acute leukemic cell lines and to observe whether the HDAC3 expression is necessary for the transcriptional regulation by controlling proliferation and differentiation of leukemia cells. Methods: The HDAC3 mRNA and protein expression levels in 16 acute myeloid leukemic cell lines were assessed by real-time quantitative PCR (RTQ-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. The mRNA and protein expression levels of HDAC3 were detected during differentiation of NB4 cells induced by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Results: The mRNA expressions of HDAC3 were higher in NB4, NB4RA and NOMO-1 leukemic cell lines but the protein expression levels were not parallel with mRNA expressions. HDAC3 mRNA and protein expression had a decreased tendency during the ATRA-induced differentiation of NB4 cells. Conclusion: HDAC3 is necessary for proliferation of leukemic cells and the expression of HDAC3 in NB4 cell line is associated with cell differentiation and/or proliferation.

OBJECTIVE: To prepare naproxen microemulsion-gel with high drug content and adhesiveness, and investigate its in vitro transdermal delivery ability. METHODS: The ranges of microemulsion with the mixture of Tween 80 and Tween 20 as surfactant, carbitol as cosurfactant, peponida as oil, were defined through construction of the pseudo-ternary phase diagrams. Drug-loaded microemulsions were prepared by phase transfer temperature method. Naproxen microemulsion-gel was prepared by directly adding carbomer 980 into its microemulsion. The diffusion studies of all formulations were performed using a drug diffusion apparatus. The mean droplet sizes of naproxen microemulsion were measured via dynamic light scattering(DLS) on a Zetasizer, their microstructures were observed by transmission electron microscope(TEM). RESULTS: Microemulsion range was largest when the mass ratio of Tween 80 and Tween 20 was 3:1, surfactant and cosurfactant was 2:1. While the microemulsion composed of 5% peponida, 35% emulsifier and 60% water, drug loaded in microemulsion can attain 4%, which was accorded with the characterization of microemulsion. Adding 2.5% carbomer 980 into optimization microemulsion, even and transparence microemulsion-gel was obtained, which has the combination of o/w microstructure of microemulsion and the three-dimensional gel network of hydrogel. The viscosity of microemulsion-gel was increased from 104.5 mPa · s to 18.9 Pa · s, the steady-state permeation rates through excised cavia skin increased from(531.912±1.3) to(640.327±0.7) μg · cm-2 · h-1. CONCLUSION Naproxen microemulsion-gels prepared by selected carbitol as cosurfactant can obtain high drug content and percutaneous absorbtion, exhibit favourable adhesiveness, which may be a promising new dosage form for transdermal delivery of naproxen.