Dental fear is a common problem in pediatric dentistry. Therefore, sedation for pediatric patients is an essential tool for anxiety management. Nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation sedation is a safe, convenient, effective way to calm children. The review is about the technology of nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation sedation and its clinical application in pediatric dentistry.
Anesthesia, Dental ; Anesthetics, Inhalation ; Child ; Conscious Sedation ; Dental Anxiety ; Humans ; Nitrous Oxide ; Oxygen ; Pediatric Dentistry

Objective HCC is one of many malignant tumors. The HCC markers are most urgently necdad. But the currently available markers lack sensitivity and specificity. A number of novel candidate markers have recently been introduced. Methods We performed a review of the literature of traditional and novel serum markers for hepatocellular cancer. Results Several promising new HCC markers have rencently been identified. They include single protein, complex proteomics features, and tumor-specific autoantibodies.The excitement about the new markers is tempered by the realization that none of them have yet met the most stringent criteria defined by the Early Detection Research Network (EDRN). Conclusion A new generation of HCC serum markers awaits validation in properly controlled clinical studies.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; drug effects ; Tuberculosis ; diagnosis

A SnO2-CuO composite nanofiber was prepared by the coaxial electrospinning method. A new thin-film-type hydrogen sulfide gas sensor was designed by coating SnO2-CuO composite nanofibers onto an alumina ceramic tube with Au electrodes by dip-coating method. The crystalline phase and microstructure of SnO2-CuO composite nanofibers were characterized using X-ray diffraction ( XRD ) and scanning electron microscope ( SEM) . The influence of chemical composition and thickness of sensitive film on the sensitive mechanism and electrochemical characteristic of SnO2-CuO nanofibers were analyzed. The characteristic tests of hydrogen sulfide sensor including sensitive performance, temperature, relative humidity, dynamic response, interference and stability were carried out by WS-30A type multifunction analyzer in gas sensor test system. The results demonstrated that, when the operating temperature was 25℃ and hydrogen sulfide gas concentration increased from 10 to 60 mg/L, the hydrogen sulfide sensor based on C50 composite nanofibers with 70 nm sensitive film thickness had the best linearity (92. 3%) and sensitivity (98. 2%). Besides, its highest response values and relatively humidity level were 1080 and 95%, respectively, and its dynamic response time and recover time were 4 s and 12 s, respectively. This sensor showed good anti-disturbance to the gases, such as CO, NO2 , SO2 , NH3 , CO2 , CH4 and H2 . The response value of the sensor was attenuated about 9. 2% when it was applied continually in the mine about 12 months, and its normal response time was 10. 9 months.

Sepsis is a major problem in the pediatric critical care medicine.The related research indi-cates that the nutrition risk may be one of the risk factors that affect the incidence and mortality of sepsis. Through nutritional risk screening and assessment,it can be used to provide reference for assessing the nutri-tional risk,the nutritional support and the effect of nutritional support on prognosis of children with sepsis.At present,there are few studies on the nutritional risk and nutritional support in children with sepsis.In this arti-cle,we reviewed the research progress on nutritional risk and nutritional support in children with sepsis.

Objective To investigate current status and influencing factors of patient delay in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and provide a theoretical evidence for the early diagnosis of HCC. Methods All patients with a primary diagnosis of advanced HCC admitted at Department of Hepatobiliary Medicine I, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital of the Second Military Medical University from January 2015 to October 2015 were investigated prospectively. The current status of patient delay was assessed by medical records and influencing factors of patient delay were analyzed by the self-designed questionnaires. Results Rate of patient delay in the patients with advanced HCC was 27.7%(53/191). The univariate analysis demonstrated that significant influencing factors for patient delay included age, education levels, economic status, place of residence, medical insurance, knowledge about follow-up examination for chronic viral hepatitis. The rate of patient delay was high in these patients with older age, lower income, less education, place of residence (countryside or small towns), new rural insurance, lack of the knowledge about follow-up examination for chronic viral hepatitis. Multivariate analysis showed that age and lack of the knowledge about follow-up examination for chronic viral hepatitis were significantly independent predictors for patient delay. Their OR (odd ratio) and 95%CI (confidence interval) were 2.770 and 1.424-5.388, 7.867 and 1.669-37.092, respectively. According to place of residence, the univariate analysis demonstrated that significant influencing factors for patient delay included marital status, age, economic status, and knowledge about follow-up examination for chronic viral hepatitis in the countryside or small towns. Multivariate analysis also further showed that age and lack of the knowledge about follow-up examination for chronic viral hepatitis were significantly independent predictors for patient delay. Their OR and 95% CI were 3.812 and 1.550-9.373, 15.400 and 1.793-132.245, respectively. Patient delay of HCC patients in county seat and city was not significantly associated with all of above mentioned influencing factors. Conclusions Patient delay of the patients with advanced HCC in countryside or small towns was comparatively common. To early find high risk factors of HCC, government should be intensified screening to chronic hepatitis B, hepatitis C in the middle and elderly population. To reduce the rate of patient delay in advanced HCC and improve results of treatment for advanced HCC, health care workers should popularize medicine-associated knowledge, especially about chronic hepatitis and its complications.

Objectives:To evaluate the role of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and jejunostomy in postoperative critical patients. Methods:Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and jejunostomy procedures were performed in 22 postoperative critical patients.Indication, procedure-related complication, technical success and clinical outcome were reviewed. Results:The technical success was 100% and there were no death and serious complication.PEG/J feeding tubes was used for enteral nutrition for more than 30 days in 21(95%) of 22 patients. In 3 patients (14%) , local cleansing, drainage and intravenous antibiotics were used for the infection of PEG site. PEG/J tube dysfunction occurred in 6 patients (27%). Conclusions:PEG/J is a safe, minimal invasive, and effective procedure for enteral nutrition in postoperative critical patients.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of gene expression. These small, non-coding RNAs are believed to regulate more than one third of protein-coding genes, and have been implicated in the control of many biological processes, including the biology of glioma. The functional significance in some of the miRNAs begins to emerge. This paper reviews the biogenesis of miRNAs, their roles in neuronal development and tumorigenesis of gliomas, and their contribution as tumor biomarkers. Research in this area is quickly gathering pace and is illuminating important aspects of the diseases that may ultimately lead to novel therapeutic interventions, as well as diagnostic and prognostic tools for brain tumors.

Hippocampus circuit loop is a neuromechanism about recent memory ability. Many researches have reported the effects of different frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation are different on memory ability associated with hippopotamus in rats, which seems to be damaging in healthy rats, but protective in rats with cerebral ischemia.

In terms of the characteristic of exonuclease I that can selectively catalyze the degradation of single-stranded DNA, we report a new sensitive electrochemical biosensor for the detection of breast cancer cells by using the aptamers of MUC1 that is overexpressed on the surface of MCF-7 cells. Because the binding of aptamer and MUC1 that is over-expressed on the surface of breast cancer cell MCF-7 can prevent its hybridization with the complementary probe DNA, the unhybridized single-stranded probe DNA that is immobilized on the electrode surface will be selectively digested by Exonuclease I and result in the removal of the signal molecule methylene blue. Therefore, by tracing the changes in electrochemical responses, the biosensor can be used to sensitively detect MCF-7 cells in a linear range from 103 to 106 cell/mL with a detection limit of 330 cell/mL, and easily distinguish the control islet β cells with high specificity.