Objective To investigate the symptoms of diarrhea and the behavior of medical treatment after diarrhea in 2013 in Tianjin City, and provid background information for the future population monitoring. Methods A stratified sam?pling method was used to investigate the symptoms, medical treatment and self medication behavior of 4028 residents in Tianjin. Results The number of people who had diarrhea in 2013 was 324, and the incidence rate of diarrhea was 8.04%. Diarrhea was mainly occurred in May-October (n=241, 74.38%). The incidence of diarrhea was the highest in 60-74 years old group, followed by 75-years old and 0-14 years old groups. The incidence of diarrhea was the lowest in 15-29 years old grouop. A total of 121 patients with diarrhea chose to go to hospital (47.08%), 78 patients chose to buy medicine for treat?ment (30.35%) and 58 patients did not do any disposal (22.57%). Among the patients with diarrhea, the highest proportion of patients chose to go to the first grade and the following medical institutions (68.59%, 83/121). There were 14.05%(17/121) and 17.36%(21/121) patients chose to go to the second and the third levels of medical institutions for the treatment. The av?erage cost for patients with diarrhea was 60 (20, 200) yuan. The purchasing expenditure median was 20 (11,50) yuan. The medical spending was more than the purchase of medicines (Z=2.412, P<0.05). The average cost of medical treatment was more higher in the second and the third levels of medical institutions than that of the first medical institution ( Z=50.709,P<0.05). The average cost of medical treatment was in turn increased for patients with diarrhea treated in Baodi county, Xiqing county, Hangu county and Heping county (Z=74.282,P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in medical expenses be?tween patients with different ages and patient with or without medical insurance. Conclusion There are high incidence of diarrhea in patients under 15 years old and patients over 60 years old. Residents suffering from diarrhea mainly choose their own medicine and the treatment in the first and following medical institutions.

Phage peptide libraries are collections of the specific length of short peptides,and they are based on phages as their carriers.They include mimotope libraries and peptide antibody libraries.Phage-displayed peptide libraries have been used to isolate specific ligands for numerous protein targets,and they have been proven useful in defining antigen momitopes,rapid determination of binding energetics at protein-protein interfaces,designing of vaccine and tumor research aspects.This review summarized the research progression of phage peptide library.

Aorta, Abdominal ; injuries ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; prevention & control ; Hemorrhage ; therapy ; Hemostasis, Surgical ; methods ; Humans ; Mesenteric Veins ; injuries ; Splenic Diseases ; therapy ; Vena Cava, Inferior ; injuries

In this paper, further study was made on the teratogenicity and the morphological teratogenesis mechanism of neural tube defects (NTD) caused by cyclophosphamide(CP). Pregnant SD rats were given single intraperitoneal injection of CP 15 mg/kg on day 13 of gestation. The fetuses were removed on day 20 of gestation, weighed and examined for external malformations. Some embryos were removed respectively at 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 hr after administration of CP, and examined with light microscope and electron microscope. The results showed that CP has obvious embryotoxie and teratogenic effects. Of the survivings, 97.46％ showed external malformations including encephalocele, exencephaly, opened eyes, micrognathia, limb and digital defects etc. We considered that the possible way by which CP caused the malformation on developing embryos may involve the following aspects: (1) CP caused DNA-synthesising cells to degenerate and become necrosis. (2) The cellular organelle (mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, etc.) became irregular in shape and fragmented. (3) The mesenchyme surrounding the neural tube were also damaged by CP and therefore influenced the skull ossification.

Objective To study the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Dicliptera chinensis polysaccharide ( DCP) on liver injury induced by antituberculosis drugs. Methods Sixty mice were randomly divided into six groups, namely normal control group, model group, glucurolactone group (in the dosage of 200 mg·kg-1·d-1), and high-, middle- and low-dose DCP groups ( in the dosage of 600, 400, 200 mg·kg-1·d-1, respectively). Except for the normal control group, the rats in the other groups were given intragastric administration of isoniazid and rifampicin ( 100 mg/kg) to induce liver injury model, and were simultaneously treated with corresponding agents, once a day. On the experiment day 30, the blood and liver tissue were sampled. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase ( ALT) , aspartate aminotransferase ( AST) , alkaline phosphatase ( AKP) and microsomal nitric oxide ( NO) were detected by biochemical method. The contents of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in liver tissue were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) , and the hepatic histopathology was observed after HE staining. Results In DCP groups, the hepatic pathological changes of the mice were improved, the number of the inflammatory cells was reduced, and the activities of serum ALT, AST and AKP as well as the contents of hepatic TNF-α, IL-6 and NO were reduced ( P<0.05 or P<0.01 compared with those in the model group). Conclusion Dicliptera chinensis polysaccharide is effective for liver injury induced by antituberculosis drug, and the mechanism may be associated with its anti-inflammatory action.

Objective To explore the safety,efficacy and clinical significance of stenting with cerebral protection devices for carotid artery stenosis.Methods 14 patients with carotid artery stenosis were treated by intra-arterial stents implanted.All of them used cerebral protection of filter devices.Results 18 self-expandable stents were successfully implanted in 14 patients.Of them,stroke ictus caused by microemboli in 2 patients ,and they recovered after treatment for 1~3 d,6 patients had transient bradycardia and hypotension.No cerebral infarction could be seen in all cases during the follow-up period.Conclusion Carotid setenting with cerebral protection devices is an effective and safe method in treating carotid stenosis,and it is helpful to reduce the neurological complication.

[Abstract ] Objective Globular C1q receptor (gC1qR), a highly acidic receptor protein, is expressed in almost all mamma-lian cells in addition to exoerythrocytic, which can mediate a variety of biological responses.The study aimed to explore gC1qR expres-sion in cervical cancer and itd effects on the biological behaviors of human cervical cancer cells. Methods Retrospective analysis was made on 100 cervical tissue samples of patients in Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital from August 2014 to April 2015, in-cluding 50 cervicitis tissues and 50 cervical cancer tissues.Immunohistochemical SP method was applied in the research of cervical cancer cell line C33a to detect the expression and the location of gC1qR in cervical tissues.Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were respectively applied to detect the levels of gC1qR mRNA and gC1qR protein expression.Besides, the abilities of C33a cells mi-gration, invasion and apoptosis were respectively assessed by in vitro cell wound healing experiment, transwell assay and flow cytome-try. Results The expression of gC1qR gene was dramatically decreased in the group of cervical cancer tissues when compared with chronic cervictis group (2.18 ±0.37 vs 7.23 ±0.69, 0.27 ±0.09 vs 0.74 ±0.02, P<0.001).gC1qR overexpression could result in sig-nificant up-regulation of cervical celluer apoptosis([22.89 ±1.46]%vs [12.98 ±0.57]%) and down-regulation in migration ([42.60 ± 3.29]%vs [141.83 ±4.71]%) and invasion([26.20 ±2.89]%vs [67.13 ±0.95]%).Typical apoptosis was also observed in cervi-
cal cells by transmission electron microscope. Conclusion gC1qR expression might play an important role in inhibiting the invasion and migration of cervical cancer cells and inducing the apoptosis of cervical carcinoma cells, which provides new clues and potential targets for the treatment of cervical cancer in further research.

Purpose:To investigate the relationship between HELICOBACTER PYLORI (Hp) and gastric carcinoma, as well as the possible carcinogenic mechanism by Hp. Methods: DNEL technique and immunohistochemical staining were used in the research to study the state of apoptosis, proliferation and p53 gene expression. Total 100 gastric mucosal biopsy specimens, including normal mucosa, Hp negative and Hp positive gastric precancerous lesions as well as gastric carcinomas were studied. Results:There were several apoptotic cells in the superficial epithelium and a few proliferative cells within neck of gastric glands, and no p53 protein expression in normal mucosa. In gastric carcinoma, apoptotic cells accounted for 1.62%, while proliferative cells 4.99%, and P53 protein significantly increased. in metaplasia, the apoptotic index (AI), proliferative index (PI) and positivity of p53 expression in Hp positive group were higher than those in normal mucosa ( P

Objective To evaluate correlations between left atrial(LA) and left ventricular(LV) function in patients with hypertension by acoustic quantification(AQ) technique. Methods Forty-eight hypertensive patients and twenty control subjects were studied. Patients with hypertension were divided into two groups by left ventricular mass index(LVMI),normal LVMI group(32 cases) and left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH) group(16 cases). Left atrial ejection fraction(LAEF),atrial emptying volume(AE),conduit volume(CV) and reservoir volume(RV) were measured with AQ technique. Results RV and AE significantly increased in normal LVMI subgroup and LVH subgroup;CV and LAEF respectively decreased or increased in LVH subgroup. LA booster pump function positively correlated to onset atrial emptying volume and RV,negatively correlate to CV and LV diastolic function. LA conduit function positively correlated to LV diastolic function,negatively correlated to LAEF and AE,RV as well as onset atrial emptying volume. LA reservoir function positively correlated to onset atrial emptying volume and LAEF,negatively correlated to CV. There was no significant correlation between LA reservoir function and LV diastolic function. Conclusions LV diastolic dysfunction induces decreased LA conduit function and increased reservoir function,which may facilitate early diastolic filling of the left ventricle. The changes of LA conduit function and reservoir function may increase of LA preload. Enhancement of LA preload and LA systole makes increased LA booster pump function,which facilitate late diastolic filling of left ventricle.

Objective To evaluate the application of tendency-oriented perimetry (TOP) in detecting the visual function of glaucoma. Methods The traditional threshold perimetry (Normal/Normal strategy) and TOP (TOP/Normal strategy) carried out by Octopus 101 perimetry were used to examine the visual field of 20 normal subjects (20 eyes), 32 cases (32 eyes) of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and 14 cases (14 eyes) of suspected POAG, respectively. The visual field outcomes, indices, point by point threshold variability and defective points of the two perimetries were compared and analysed. Results The negative rate of TOP was 90% in normal subjects. The positive rate of TOP was 75% in POAG , and 100% in middle and late stage of POAG. The visual field indices of two perimetries were positively correlated, with mean sensitivity (MS) of r=0.9335, mean defect (MD) of r=0.9189, and loss variance (LV) of r=0.9621. The point by point threshold variability and defective points of TOP were higher than those of traditional threshold perimetry, but the difference between the two perimetries was not significant (P=0.2019, P=0.4448). Conclusion The visual field indices of TOP and traditional threshold perimetry are positively correlated. The sensitivity and reproducibility of TOP are high in detecting the visual function of middle and late stage of POAG.