Objective To investigate the present situation of water-improving defluoridation project and the distribution of water fluoride in fluorosis areas in Shandong province. Methods In 2005 - 2007, according to "The National and Shandong province Technical Scheme for Endemic Disease Control", the water-improving form,water type and the running status of defluoridation project in 17 cities of Shandong province were investigated, and the water-fluoride of the running projects were determined by F- ion selective electrode. Results A total of 5816projects were built that involved 8776 villages, 110 counties, 17 cities distributed in Shandong province. In which,the drilling of water-improving projects accounting for 94.55% (5499/5816), under-ground water type 97.73%(5684/5816);operating normally accounting for 75.91% (4415/5816), 7246 villages were supplied with the water, beneficiary population 6 946 459 people, non-normal projects accounting for 24.09%(1401/5816), including 1530 diseased villages. There were still 4415 projects running well. The projects with water fluoride lower than 1.0mg/L were 2893, accounting for 65.53% (2893/4415). The water fluoride higher than 1.0 mg/L accounted for 34.47%(1522/4415), ＞ 2.0 mg/L of 548, ＞ 4.0 mg/L of 97, and the maximum value of water fluoride was 9.71mg/L. Conclusions Nearly 1/4 of the water-improving projects in Shandong province are abnormal. The water fluoride of the project of more than 1/3 are exceeding the standard( ＞ 1.0 mg/L) in 4415 projects, and water-fluoride of 97 projects are higher than 4.0 mg/L. More measures should be taken to strengthen the supervision of the projects and monitoring of water fluoride.

ObjectiveTo find out the condition of endemic fluorosis in Liangshan and Boxing counties of Shandong province,and to provide the basis for future prevention and treatment of the disease.MethodsIn 2007 -2009,100 water facilities per year were selected in each county and the water fluoride was tested in Liangshan and Boxing counties of Shandong province.Ten households were selected and their water fluoride content was measured.Dental fluorosis prevalence and dental fluorosis index of school children aged 8 - 12 were checked in all monitored places(3 villages in each county).Meanwhile,urinary fluoride was detected in children carried dental fluorosis test.ResultsIn 2007 - 2009,the median of urinary fluoride in Liangshan county was 2.35,3.73 and 1.29 mg/L,respectively; dental fluorosis detection rate was 72.73％ (88/121),78.08％ (57/73),and 70.64％ (77/109),and the dental fluorosis index was 1.43,1.76 and 1.34.While in Boxing county,the median of urinary fluoride was 4.50,6.71 and 5.64 mg/L; dental fluorosis detection rate was 95.93％ (118/123),99.06％ (105/106),94.41％(152/161) and dental fluorosis index was 2.23,2.54 and 2.09,respectively.ConclusionsThe effect of prevention and control of endemic fluorosis in Liangshan county was better than that of Boxing county of Shandong province.Altering water source is an important measure to control endemic fluorosis.More defluoridation project should be carried out in endemic fluorosis areas.

Adult ; Blast Injuries ; therapy ; Explosions ; Humans ; Male ; Multiple Trauma ; therapy

Objective To investigate the effects of high spermatic vessel dissection on testicular morphological alteration of SD rats in prepuberty,puberty and sexual maturity phases.Methods Thirty-day-old SD rats were divided into 2 groups underwent sham operation and left high spermatic vessel dissection as a simulation of Palomo′s maneuver.Detailed morphological investigations were made at 3 different postoperative intervals among the 3rd day,30th day and 56th day.Results High spermatic vessel dissection in prepubertal rats induced acute testicular ischemia in the operated testes on the 3rd day.Most of the operated testes on the 30th day showed testicular atrophy.And all the operated testes showed testicular atrophy and sperm disappearance in epididymis on the 56th day.Conclusion High dissection of spermatic vessel in prepubertal rats induced testicular ischemia in prepuberty and testicular growth failure in puberty,testicular atrophy completely and sperm production losing in sexual maturity phase.

Objective:Preparation of monoclonal antibodies against Carprofen,which lays a foundation for the rapid detection of Carprofen.Methods:Via an active ester method,Carprofen was conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) as immune antigen and ovalbumin (OVA) as detection antigen,respectively.Hybridomas were obtained by fusing mouse myeloma cells SP2/0 with splenocytes from the mice immunized with Carprofen-BSA.Hybridomas 51C3 secreting antibodies against Carprofen were obtained and subcloned.Results: Ascites of monoclonal antibodies (McAb) were prepared by injecting cells of hybridoma 51C3 into mice abdomen.The titer of purified McAb was 3.2×105and the McAb was IgG1 subtype.McAb was highly specific for Carprofen and the cross-reactivity (CR50%) was less than 0.04% with Ibuprofen, Ketoprofen, Naproxen, Feinuoluofen, Indoprofen, Fenbufen respectively.The sensitivity of the McAb to carprofen was 0.32 ng/ml and the IC50value was 0.882 ng/ml.The recoveries of Carprofen in the pork samples were from 81.4% to 104.4 % and coefficients of variation were from 16.3% to 25.8%.Conclusion:All results indicate that the McAb 51C3 is suitable to develop an immunoassay colloidal gold rapid dipstick test.

Objective To understand the current status of the prevention and control of endemic fluorosis in the southwestern area of Shandong province. Methods In 2007, the progress of water-improving defluoridation, the operating state and water fluoride content of the water-improving project, which was determined by fluorosis selective ion electrode, and the inhabitant related indexes of endemic fluorosis were extensively surveyed in the three main fluorosis counties-Jiaxiang, Yuncbeng and Liangshan of the southwestern area of Shandong province. Results Among 1371 fluorosis villages in the 3 counties, 53.61%(735/1371) of which had undergone water-improving defluoridation, the rate in Jiaxiang, Yuncheng and Liangshan being 38.0% (220/579),65.51% (378/577) and 63.72% ( 137/215 ) respectively; the normally functioning rate of this project was 76.73% (564/735), projects out of order accounted for 23.27% (171/735). Among 263 well-functioning projects from the three counties, the rate with water fluoride higher than 1.0 mg/L was 35.36%(93/263), the maximum value being 4.17 mg/L. The urine fluoride content of 440 children aged 8 - 12 years and 484 adults over 30 years old were examined in 13 fluorosis villages of the three counties, the geometric mean was 2.98,3.06 mg/L respectively; the individual maximum was 12.83,14.49 mg/L respectively; the detectable rate of dental fluorosis among children aged 8 - 12 was 84.28% (649/770) ,17.66%(136/770) had defect and the index of dental fluorosis was 1.89; the rates of the clinical and X-ray skeletal fluorosis of the adults aged more than 30 were 44.40%(234/527) and 24.67%(130/527) respectively, and the abnormal electrocardiography rate was 32.43% (168/518) in the adult, mostly T-wave abnormality. Conclusions The progress of the water-improving defluoridation in the southwestern area of Shandong province was relatively slow, the water fluoride content of the water-improving projects seriously exceeded standard, and the condition of the fluorosis had not been effectively controlled.

Objective To understand the fulfillment of control measures of endemic fluorosis and find out the prevalent trend of this disease in Shandong Province from 1992 to 2006 in order to provide a scientific basis for the set up of control strategies. Methods According to "the National Survey Scheme of Endemic fluorosis", Huantai County in 1992-1996 and Liaagshan County in 1997-2006 were selected, where water-improving defluoridation and the contents of water fluoride were searched in two counties; dental fluorosis and urine fluoride in children aged 8-12 years old, clinical and X-ray skeletal fluorosis in adult over 16 years old were searched respectively in Lijia Village of Huantai County and Dongxu Village of Liangshan County. Results One hundred percent(304/304) high-fluoride villages of Huantai County in 1992 and 63.72% (137/215) villages of Liangshan County in 2006 had finished the project of water-improving defluoridation; the rate of high-fluorine water(>1.0 mg/L) in normal operation projects was 5.00%(5/100)-17.14%(18/105) in Huantai County from 1992 to 1996, and 18.97%(11/58)-45.61%(26/57) in Liangshan County from 1997 to 2006. The water fluoride of Lijia Village was<1.0 mg/L from 1992 to 1996, the water fluoride of Dongxu Village was<0.5 mg/L from 1997 to 2006. The detection rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8-12 years at Lijia Village dropped from 30.86%(25/81) in 1992 to 10.13%(8/79) in 1996(χ2=12.41, P<0.05), and the Dongxu Village dropped from 68.95%(151/219) in 1997 to 0(0/38) in 2006(χ2=222.04, P<0.01). In the Lijia and Dongxu Villages, urine fluoride in children aged 8-12 years old was lower than 1.40 mg/L. In the adults over 16 years of the two villages, the positive rate of X-ray skeletal fluorosis of Lijia Village dropped from 30.0%(15/50) in 1992 to 13.95%(6/43) in 1996(χ2=3.41, P>0.05), and all the cases were in degree I, the rate of Dongxu Village dropped from 64.58%(31/48) in 1997 to 16.67% (4/24) in 2006(χ2=14.71, P<0.01), and no eases of degrees Ⅲ was detected. Conclusions The progress of water defluoridation was uneven in 2 counties, slow in Liangshan County; and the water fluoride in part of the project exceeded standard; the water fluorid of 2 surveyed villages was normal and the endemic fluorosis was under control. More financial input is requested to accelerate the process of water defluoridation and to reinforce the management of the projects and illness monitoring, thus to reduce the harm of fluorosis to the limit.

Objective To investigate the current status of endemic fluorosis in Shandong province, and to provide the scientific evidence for making strategies for prevention and control of the disease. Methods According to "The National Technical Scheme for Endemic Disease Control in 2008", thirty-four counties were divided into mild, moderate and severe endemic fluorosis areas and a village was randomly selected from each category of the area to carry out the monitoring of endemic fluorosis. The content of fluoride in drinking water and urine was determined by F-ion selective electrode, dental fluorosis of children aged 8 to 12 was diagnosed by Dean method and skeletal fluorosis diagnosed by clinic and X-rays. Results The monitoring was done in 70 water-improving villages in 34 counties, among which 54 villages had water fluoride content ≤ 1.00 mg/L and accounted for 77.14%(54/70), 16 villages had water fluoride content ＞ 1.00 mg/L and accounted for 22.86%(16/70), the highest water fluoride content was 4.46 mg/L. The monitoring was also carried out in 32 non-water-improving villages in 34 counties, among which 9 villages had water fluoride content ≤ 1.00 mg/L and accounted for 28.12%(9/32), 23 villages had water fluoride content ＞ 1.00 mg/L and accounted for 71.88% (23/32), the highest water fluoride content was 4.09 mg/L. The total rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8 to 12 was 45.81%(1988/4340), the index of dental fluorosis was 0.97 and the rate of dental damage was 6.91%(300/4340). The urinary fluoride values above 1.40 mg/L were found in 55.33%(1417/2657) of children aged 8 to 12, with the highest urinary fluoride concentrations was 18.53 mg/L. The rate of skeletal fluorosis by clinic and X-rays in adults older than 16 years were 4.25% (2462/57 968) and 28.40%(23/81 ), respectively. The urinary fluoride values above 1.60 mg/L were found in 55.86% (1130/2023) of adults older than 16 years, with the highest urinary fluoride concentrations was 25.44 mg/L. Conclusions Endemic fluorosis in Shandong province has not yet been effectively controlled,control situation is still grim. Prevention efforts need to be further strengthened.

Metabolomics, a branch of systems biology, has gained extensive attention and profound achievements in the plant. Although plant metabolomics is to be explored, it has been one of the most effective methods to study the physiological and biochemical process and gene modification in pattern plants. We herein summarized the concept, development, and application of metabolomics and prospected the potentials in the metabolite profiling for plant. Metabolomics provides an omics' methodology to elucidate the whole biological process, identify and quantify the complex components in the plant. A number of metabolites present in the plant are active components of traditional Chinese medicine, and these bioactive components are influenced by the multi-factors such as environment, species, and processing methods etc. Therefore, it is of great importance to analyze a wide spectrum of compositions with diverse chemical characteristics and varied concentration, which is the foundation to quality control, allowing the elucidation of the pharmacological effectiveness, and further exploiting of traditional Chinese medicine.
Genomics ; methods ; Metabolome ; Metabolomics ; methods ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics ; metabolism ; Proteomics ; methods

Objective To assess the safety and efficacy of transcatheter closure of congenital coronary artery fistulas(CAFs).Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on 19 patients mean age of(5.5?4.1) years treated from February 1995 to December 2005 with transcatheter closure of CAFs using transcatheter spring coil embolization,Amplatzer PDA occluder or Amplatzer plug.One case had a residul fistula postoperatively associated with patent duetus arteriosus(PDA).Results The abnormal parameters included mean fistula diameter(3.7?1.6)mm(2.5-8.2 mm),pulmonary mean pressure(28.0?5.0)mmHg(25.0-67.0 mmHg)and pulmonary to systemic shunt(Qp/Qs)1,6?0.8(1.0-2.3).The sites of the fistulas were originated in right coronary artery 11,left anterior descending coronary artery or left circumflex coronary artery 8. Abnormal communication sites of these fistulas were to right ventricle in 14 and right atrium in 5.Various occlusion devices used to close these fistulas included one Giantureo coil in 10,2-4 Gianturco coils in 3, Duct-Occlud in 3,Amplatzer duct occluder in 2 and Amplatzer plug in 1.The post-operative residul fistula with PDA was treated successfully with PDA occlusion.The immediate,one month and one year complete occlusion rates were 55.6%(10/18),88.9%(16/18),100%(18/18),respectively.The coil slipped into the left pulmonary artery in 1 case and correction was obtained by retrieving with forceps.Follow-up studies at 3 months to 4.3 years showed complete abolition of shunt in all patients with no evidence of recanalization leading to recurrences of shunt.Conclusion Transcatheter closure of CAFs is a safe and effective alternative to surgical repair.