PTEN is a candidate tumor suppressor which has sequence homology with dual-specificity phosphatase. PTEN is a multifunctional protein endowed with a phosphatase activity capable of dephosphorylating both tyrosine phosphate, serine/threonine phosphate residues on proteins and phospholipids of the phosphatidylinositol pathway. PTEN appears to be mutated at considerable frequency in several types of human tumors, including those from brain, breast, endometrium, and prostate. PTEN play an important role in pathogenesis of tumor, tumor cell invasion and metastasis. In this review, we will discuss the chemical structure of PTEN, its phosphatase activity, the ability of affecting signal transduction, and its mutational status in cancer.

Objective To investigate the symptoms of diarrhea and the behavior of medical treatment after diarrhea in 2013 in Tianjin City, and provid background information for the future population monitoring. Methods A stratified sam?pling method was used to investigate the symptoms, medical treatment and self medication behavior of 4028 residents in Tianjin. Results The number of people who had diarrhea in 2013 was 324, and the incidence rate of diarrhea was 8.04%. Diarrhea was mainly occurred in May-October (n=241, 74.38%). The incidence of diarrhea was the highest in 60-74 years old group, followed by 75-years old and 0-14 years old groups. The incidence of diarrhea was the lowest in 15-29 years old grouop. A total of 121 patients with diarrhea chose to go to hospital (47.08%), 78 patients chose to buy medicine for treat?ment (30.35%) and 58 patients did not do any disposal (22.57%). Among the patients with diarrhea, the highest proportion of patients chose to go to the first grade and the following medical institutions (68.59%, 83/121). There were 14.05%(17/121) and 17.36%(21/121) patients chose to go to the second and the third levels of medical institutions for the treatment. The av?erage cost for patients with diarrhea was 60 (20, 200) yuan. The purchasing expenditure median was 20 (11,50) yuan. The medical spending was more than the purchase of medicines (Z=2.412, P<0.05). The average cost of medical treatment was more higher in the second and the third levels of medical institutions than that of the first medical institution ( Z=50.709,P<0.05). The average cost of medical treatment was in turn increased for patients with diarrhea treated in Baodi county, Xiqing county, Hangu county and Heping county (Z=74.282,P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in medical expenses be?tween patients with different ages and patient with or without medical insurance. Conclusion There are high incidence of diarrhea in patients under 15 years old and patients over 60 years old. Residents suffering from diarrhea mainly choose their own medicine and the treatment in the first and following medical institutions.

?AIM: To investigate the compliance in patients with topical glaucoma therapy, and identify the most frequent barriers to adherence.?METHODS: One-on-one interview and questionnaire were taken to investigate the compliance with hypotensive eye drops in 366 patients who had been diagnosed as glaucoma and received the therapy for at least 6mo in Wuhan and suburban district from July 2014 to June 2015 in Wuhan Aier Eye Hospital.?RESULTS: The proportion of compliance was 44. 3%( 162/366 ) . Factors significantly influencing compliance included severity of the better eye, the severity of symptom when attacked, duration of medication and whether to administrate on the same time daily ( OR=5. 700,0. 554,0. 336,0. 558,P<0. 05). Age, gender, marital status, education level, economic status, domicile, knowledge of the disease, suffering from other diseases with medication, type of glaucoma, type of eye drop, frequency were not associated with a higher rate of non-compliance.? CONCLUSION: Compliance in patients with topical glaucoma therapy in Wuhan is poor. Regularly carrying out relevant health education and interventions is very important.

Abstract?AIM: To assess the efficacy and adverse reactions of two concentrations of diluted botulism toxin A ( BTX-A) for blepharospasm.?METHODS:Totally 220 patients (440 eyes) confirmedas blepharospasm in our department ( from January 2013 to January 2015 ) , were divided randomly into two groups:110 in high concentration group and 110 in low concentration group.The two groups were given local injections with 25 U/mL or 40 U/mL concentration of botulism toxin type A to the upper and lower eyelids orbicular muscle, corrugator, reducing eyebrow muscle and procerus respectively.We observed dosage of two groups, the treatment effect, the duration of the effect and the incidence of adverse reactions.?RESULTS: The high concentration group was given the BTX-A with 48.33 ±4.02U, the low concentration group was given the BTX-A with 28.51 ±3.42U,the differences were statistically significant( P<0.05).The differences of post-operative evaluation of curative effect, onset time and duration of the effect between the groups were not statistically significant ( P >0.05 ). Sixteen cases had ptosis in different levels in the high concentration group, and 2 in the low concentration group, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.01).There were no serious complications such as intoxication, drug allergy in both groups.Ptosis relieved after using naphcon-A and disappeared in 2-3 wk.?CONCLUSION: The efficacy of local injection with two concentrations of diluted botulinum toxin A for blepharospasm was positive. Considering the high incidence of ptosis in high concentration group, we recommended the 25U/mL botulism toxin A for blepharospasm.

Adult ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Embryo Transfer ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; Infertility ; therapy ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Phytotherapy

Antitubercular Agents ; standards ; Child ; Humans ; Tuberculosis ; drug therapy ; prevention & control

Glucuronosyltransferase ; genetics ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice, Neonatal ; genetics

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the method of reducing error in estimating postmortem interval (PMI). METHODS: Two hundred and fifty-six solved murder cases from 2003 January to 2013 January in Changzhou and Nanjing City were collected, The PMI of all cases was estimated by traditional method and then compared with the real PMI obtained after the cases were solved. The cases were grouped according to the PMI, the accuracy was calculated, and the reasons of suboptimal PMI were analyzed. RESULTS: The accuracies of early PMI (less than 12h and 13-24 h) were 90% and 89%, respectively; while the accuracies of late PMI (1-7 d, 1-2 weeks, 3-4 weeks, 1-6 months, 7-12 months and 1-5 years) decreased over time, being 79%, 76%, 83%, 79%, 60% and 50%, respectively. The common reasons of estimating error included improper inference methods, water submerged body, extreme temperature, lack of objective evidence, intentionally abandoned body, and changed or destroyed scene, etc. CONCLUSION The multiple index data can reduce the error in estimating PMI.
Autopsy ; Cause of Death ; Forensic Pathology/methods* ; Homicide ; Humans ; Postmortem Changes ; Retrospective Studies ; Seasons ; Temperature ; Time Factors

Objective To explore the clinical effect of two-points approach vascular stenting technique (via both the femoral artery and posterior tibial artery of the affected side) in repairing blunt popliteal artery injuries.Methods The clinical data of eleven patients with blunt popliteal arterial injuries,who were treated with two-points approach vascular stenting technique during the period from March 2011 to March 2015 as single-approach stenting repair failed,were retrospectively analyzed.First,antegrade puncture of the femoral artery on the affected side with subsequent angiography was performed to evaluate the arterial injury,when the attempt to push the guide-wire to pass the injured arterial segment by twisting manipulation failed the puncture of posterior tibial artery was immediately carried out,then,a 4-French single-bend catheter together with a goose neck snare was inserted.Guide-wire capture technique was used to gasp the guide-wire in the injured artery segment,and then the guide-wire was pulled to pass through the injured artery segment.In this way,the guide-wire working circle was reliably established,and along the guide-wire the vascular stent was inserted and delivered to the right site to repair the injured artery.A 6-French guiding catheter was inserted to perform thrombus aspiration for eliminating the distal outflow obstruction caused by thrombus.Thrombolytic therapy with small dose of urokinase through a indwelling catheter was employed for the treatment of peripheral arterial thrombosis.Results The technical success rate was 100％.Angiography revealed that partial transection of artery was detected in 7 patients,and complete transection of artery in 4 patients.A total of 16 stents were implanted.No perioperative mortality or procedure-related complication occurred.All patients were followed up for 13-24 months,with a mean of (18.7±3.8) months.In-stent thrombosis occurred in 2 patients,which was treated with thrombolytic therapy and the blood flow recovered;severe in-stent stenosis (＞70％) was seen in 3 patients,in whom the blood flow returned to normal after balloon dilation therapy;mild in-stent stenosis (＜30％) was found in 6 patients,and no special treatment was given.During the follow-up period,no stent fracture,deformation,or displacement was seen,and no patient needed to have an amputation surgery.Conclusion In treating blunt popliteal artery injuries,two-points approach vascular stenting technique can effectively reduce the operation time,rapidly recover the blood flow of the injured popliteal artery,and shorten the time of limb ischemia.This technique has very satisfactory clinical shortterm effect.

Acute Disease ; Aneurysm, Dissecting ; complications ; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; etiology