Propionibacterium acnes infective endocarditis has a low incidence, high mortality rate and insidious manifestation, the delay in diagnosis leads to disease progression, which not only affects the physical and mental health and quality of life of patients, but also brings a heavy burden to their family and society. This article reviews the microbiological characteristics of Propionibacterium acnes, the epidemiological and clinical features of Propionibacterium acnes infective endocarditis, and the current state of diagnosis, treatment and prevention, to provide reference for clinical management of this disease.