Objective To investigate the self-efficacy levels and its influencing factors of community-based patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD).Methods From October 2008 to March 2009,320 community COPD patients were recruited from a Shanghai community.They undertook questionnaires,scale survey and pulmonary function testing so as to investigate the influencing factors of self-efficacy.Results The total scale of self-efficacy was 74.24 ± 9.50 and the level of selfefficacy in 286 cases( 89.4％ )was intermediate.The knowledge of COPD,social supports,forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) and self-management level were entered into regression equation and could explain 57.1％ of the total variance of independent variables.Conclusions The knowledge of COPD,social supports,FEV1/FVC and self-management level are the major influencing factors of self-efficacy in the COPD patients.We should improve the knowledge of disease and strengthen the psychological care and social supports so as to improve their quality of life.

Objective To explore the relationship between self-efficacy and self-management behaviors of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods A total of 350 COPD patients form 5 residents' committees in shanghai were recruited by using a convenient sampling method and were scored using Chinese Self-efficacy Scale (CSES)and the self-management behaviors scale.Spearman's correlation analysis was performed to detect the relation of self-efficacy with self-management behaviors.Results Three hundred and twenty adults were included in this investigation,and their average FEV1/FVC was (57.86 ± 7.06)％,average score of self-efficacy was 74.2 ± 9.5.In self-management behaviors,time spent on physical exercise was (16.2 ± 33.9) minutes per week,and endurance exercises accounted for (109.0±49.0) minutes per week.The score of cognitive symptom management practice was 0.9 ± 1.0 and communication with physicians was 0.7 ± 0.8.Total score of self-efficacy was positively correlated with self-management behavior in each dimension (r values were 0.522,0.407,0.330 and 0.044,respectively ; all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Self-efficacy and self-management behaviors of COPD patients need to be improved,and self-efficacy may be related to self-management behaviors.

Objective To construct the teaching model of medical statistics in universities of TCM through the questionnaire of knowledge,attitude and practice structure.Methods Medical statistics KAP questionnaire survey was conducted among postgraduates using proportional stratified sampling according to the grade.It describes the present situation and calculates the knowledge loss coefficient,knowledge demand index and behavioral application intensity of medical statistics.The Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences among different grades.Results 109 questionnaires were withdrawn.The recovery was 83.84％.45 cases (41.3％) were first year postgraduate,33 cases (30.3％) were 2nd year postgraduate,and 31 cases (28.4％) were 3rd year postgraduate.At the knowledge level,the knowledge loss coefficient of the second year postgraduates was 0.635,and there was no statistical difference (P=-0.651) vs the first year postgraduate (0.638).At the attitude level,Knowledge demand index had no statistical significance difference (P=0.213)between postgraduates in grade two (96.87％) and grade three (75.00％).Most medical postgraduates held positive attitudes toward medical statistics,hoping to strengthen the training of their application ability such as medical statistics in design and research thinking (29.18％),the statistical methods selection and the interpretation of the results (31.53％) and the statistical software operation (36.07％).At the practice level,the percentage of application intensity with statistical methods of third-year postgraduates (100.00％) was higher than the second-year postgraduates (37.50％),and the second-year postgraduates higher than the first-year postgraduates (20.45％).And with the growth of year,the percentage of application intensity was gradually increasing (P=O.O03).Among them,published scientific papers accounted for 16.5％,and 58.6％ paper grade concentrated in the core journals.Conclusion Application development should be enhanced by modularization teaching with practical issues.

Sal-like 4 (SALL4) plays an important role in promoting the cellular proliferation and maintaining the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells and tumor cells.In fully differentiated cells,the expression of SALL4 is silenced or down-regulated.However,the expression of SALL4 is found to be restored or up-regulated in a variety of non-germ cell tumors.Besides,the expression of SALL4 is often associated with disease progression,treatment effect and prognosis.Therefore,examining the expression level of SALL4 will be of great importance in the diagnosis of disease and monitoring the disease progression for non-germ cell tumors.

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OBJECTIVE To investigate the blocking activities of a series of potential α1-adrenoceptor (α1-AR) antagonists (Compounds B1 -B9) on α1-AR.METHODS ① A series of potential α1-adrenoceptor (α1-AR) antagonists,indolylpiperidine derivative (IPD) and Compounds B1 -B9,with indolylpiperidine moiety and different substitutes were synthesized through the coupling of indolylpiperidine and piperazine derivatives.② Inotropic responses experiment was used to examine blocking effects of IPD and Compounds B1 - B9 in isolated rat atria by phenylephrine (PE) stimulation.③ Blocking effect of IPD and Compounds B1 - B9 on phosphorylation level of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in PE treated HEK293 cells was tested by Western blotting.RESULTS ① Potential α1-adrenoceptor (α1-AR) antagonists with indolylpiperidine moiety and different substitutes were synthesized successfully.② PE caused a dose-dependent inotropic response which was inhibited by pre-incubation of phentolamine (Phen),a non-selective α1-AR antagonist,IPD and Compounds B1,B3,B4,B7,B8 and B9,respectively; IPD and Compounds B4 and B8 caused an obvious rightward shift of inotropic response-curve,the pA2 values for IPD and Compounds B4 and B8 were 6.72 ± 0.21,6.86 ± 0.29 and 6.67 ± 0.19,respectively.③ Phosphorylation level of ERK1/2 was inhibited by pre-incubation with Compounds B1,B2,B3,B5,B6,B7,B8 and B9 or IPD in PE treated α1A-AR stably expressed HEK293 cells; PE-stimulated phosphorylation level of ERK1/2 was inhibited by pre-incubation with Compounds B2,B4,B7 or B8 in α1B-AR stably expressed HEK293 cells.CONCLUSION Compound B4 has a selective blocking activity on α1B-AR,and Compounds B1,B3,B5,B6 and B9 or IPD have a selective blocking activity on the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2.

Objective To explore the primary teeth caries status of preschoolers in Pudong community and its relevant factors of parental knowledge-belief-practice (KBP).Methods Using stratified random cluster sampling,a total of 1 179 children from 9 kindergartens in Hudong community in Pudong new area were examined.Oral cavity check-ups and parental questionnaire survey were conduced to understand the primary teeth caries rate of preschoolers and its related influencing factors.Results The prevalence rate of primary teeth caries was 53.2％ and DMFT 2.79.The prevalence rate of primary teeth caries had statistical significance in different age groups (P ＜ 0.05).Multi-factor analysis showed that the influencing factors of primary teeth caries were age (P ＜ 0.05),parental education level (P ＜ 0.05),parental assistance of teeth brushing (P ＜ 0.05),children eating sweets before bedtime (P ＜ 0.05) and parental awareness for treating primary teeth (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The prevalence rate of primary teeth caries is high among the preschoolers of Pudong.And age,parental education level,parental preventive knowledge of teeth caries and poor eating habits are significant factors correlated with the incidence of dental caries in children.

Objective Using single direction dispersion breathless DWI, to analyze the value of DWI for vertebral bone marrow infiltration in patients with acute leukemia (AL). MethodsForty-two patients with AL and 15 healthy volunteers received vertebral sagittal DWI with single shot spin-echo echoplan imaging (SS-SE-EPI) sequence( b value ＝ 0,650 s/mm2) at a GE Signa Excite 1. 5 T scanner with 8 channels body coil. DWI for all patients were performed from three directions, including from superior to inferior (S/I), from anterior to posterior (A/P) and from right to left (R/L). The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value was measured on ADC map from each direction using GE-Function tool DWI software. Forty two patients consisted of 13 onset with untreated patients and 29 treated patients (7 nonremission,8 complete remission and 14 consolidation therapy). The ADC values among the three diffusion directions were compared. Analysis of variance and t test were used to compare the ADC values in different AL stages, Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between ADC values and the percentage of bone marrow progenitor cells. Results The ADC values from S/I, A/P and R/L of 362 vertebras in the 57 subjects are (0. 758 ±0. 009) × 10-3 mm2/s, (0. 732 ±0. 009) × 10 -3 mm2/s and (0. 758 ±0. 009) × 10 -3 mm2/s, respectively. There is no statistical significance( F ＝ 2. 958, P ＞ 0. 05 ).The ADC values from S/I of 94 vertebras in 15 healthy volunteers is (0. 697 ± 0. 122) × 10 -3 mm2/s, of 85 vertebras in 13 untreated AL patients is (0. 592 ±0. 071 ) × 10-3mm2/s. There is statistical significance between them ( t ＝ 2. 568, P ＜ 0. 05 ) ; The ADC value of 183 vertebras in 29 treated AL patients [ ( 0. 796 ±0. 225 ) × 10-3mm2/s]is higher than that in untreated patients with statistical significance (t ＝ -1. 332,P ＜0. 05). One hundred and forty vertebras in patients with complete remission and consolidation therapy were [ (0. 786 ±0. 184) × 10-3 mm2/s],and 43 vertebras in patients with non-remission(NR) [ (0. 804 ±0. 327 ) × 10 - 3 mm2/s], there was not statistical significance between them ( t ＝ - 0. 160, P ＞ 0. 05 ). The ADC values from S/I direction of untreated patients showed significant negative correlation with the proportion of the blast cell in the bone marrow ( median value 26. 4％. Min 7.9％, Max 48. 2％ ) ( r ＝- 0. 524, P ＜ 0. 05 ). ConclusionsDWI of vertebral bone marrow is isotropy. ADC value is a non-invasive and quantitative index for evaluating the pathogenetic condition of AL.

ObjectiveUsing dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) to evaluate the hemodynamic perfusion characteristics of bone marrow infiltration in patients with acute leukemia (AL). MethodsForty-seven patients with AL received coronal pelvic T1WI DCE-MRI with fast low angle shot (FLASH) sequence. Among them, 25 were initial onset untreated (IOU) patients, 22 were treated AL patients, including 14 with complete remission (CR) and 8 with non-remission ( NR). The hemodynamic perfusion parameters including maximum percentage of enhancement ( Emax ) and slope were determined based on enhancement-time curves ( ETCs ) of iliac and lumbar vertebra. The proportion of marrow myeloblasts was recorded.For all patients, quantitative perfusion parameters of bone marrow infiltration in ilium were compared with those in lumbar. The values of Emax and ES were compared among IOU,CR and NR patients.Correlations between perfusion parameters and histopathological results were assessed. ResultsIn all the 47 patients, the Emax values of bilateral iliac bone marrow ( 15.70 ± 7.06)were slightly higher than that of lumbar bone marrow ( 11. 28 ± 5.52 ), and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜0. 01 ).There was no significant difference in the slop value between bilateral iliac bone marrow (0. 82 ± 0. 12 ) and lumbar bone marrow (0. 80 ± 0. 09 ) ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). In the 25 untreated patients,the Emax and slop values were 17. 15 ± 5.75 and 0. 98 ± 0. 13, respectively; in the 14 CR patients, they were 8. 76 ±3.93 and 0. 26 ± 0. 04, respectively, and in the 8 NR patients, they were 21.62 ± 6. 50 and 1. 38 ± 0. 02, respectively. There was significant difference in the Emax and slop values among the three groups (P＜0. 05).Compared with IOU and NR patients, both the Emax and slop values decreased significantly in iliac bone marrow of AL patients with CR (P ＜ 0. 05 ). There was no significant difference between IOU and NR patients ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). A significant positive correlation was found between Emax value of iliac bone marrow and the proportion of marrow myeloblasts ( r ＝0. 501 ,P ＜0. 05 ). There was a negative correlation between slop value of iliac bone marrow and the proportion of marrow myeloblasts ( r ＝0. 235 ,P ＞0.05).ConclusionsDCE-MRI can beused for evaluating the hemedynamic characteristics of microcirculation of bone marrow infiltration in patients with AL, which can provide useful information in evaluating prognosis and monitoring therapeutic effect.

Objective To study the influence of clinical nutritional support on the effects of mechanical ventilation (MV), and to find the factors affecting the outcome of patients undergoing MV. Methods A case-control study was conducted. The clinical data of 235 patients undergoing MV admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province from January 2015 to June 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether weaning successfully within 7 days. The clinical data of patients in the two groups were collected including gender, age, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHEⅡ) score, underlying disease, nutritional indicators, nutritional support, and complications. The outcome of withdrawal within 7 days was served as a dependent variable, all observed indicators were served as independent variables, and Logistic regression analysis was carried out to screen the influencing factors of the weaning results within 7 days. Results 235 patients undergoing MV were enrolled, 128 patients were successfully withdrawn within 7 days, and 107 were unsuccessfully withdrawn. Compared with the successful weaning group, the patients of weaning failure group were older, and had higher APACHEⅡ score and lower albumin (Alb) and hemoglobin (Hb), more patients with internal medical underlying diseases and receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) and mixed nutrition, and the incidences of secondary infection, vomiting, abdominal distension, abnormal bowel sound, gastric retention, and diarrhea were higher. However, there was no statistical significance in gender between the two groups. The variables of statistical significance in univariate analysis were enrolled in the multifactor analysis model showing that age [odds ratio (OR) = 1.269, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.119-1.439, P < 0.001], APACHEⅡ score (OR = 1.643, 95%CI = 1.423-1.897, P < 0.001), internal medical underlying diseases (OR = 6.298, 95%CI = 4.012-9.887, P < 0.001), secondary infection (OR = 8.323, 95%CI = 2.568-26.975, P < 0.001), abdominal distension (OR = 3.368, 95%CI = 1.586-7.152, P = 0.002), abnormal bowel sounds (OR = 2.856, 95%CI = 1.215-6.713, P = 0.017), gastric retention (OR = 1.996, 95%CI = 1.183-3.368, P = 0.010), diarrhea (OR = 3.035, 95%CI = 1.337-6.890, P = 0.008) were risk factors for unsuccessful weaning,and compared with PN, enteral nutrition (EN; OR = 0.191, 95%CI = 0.098-0.372, P < 0.001) and mixed nutrition (OR = 0.375, 95%CI = 0.150-0.938, P = 0.037) were protective factors of successful weaning. The gender, Alb and Hb before and after MV, vomiting, gastrointestinal hemorrhage were not associated with weaning outcome within 7 days. Conclusions Elder, high APACHEⅡ score, internal medical underlying diseases, or secondary infection, abdominal distension, abnormal bowel sounds, gastric retention, diarrhea were risk factors of weaning failure within 7 days in patients undergoing MV. Compared with PN, EN and mixed nutrition were protective factors for successful weaning. For patients undergoing MV, EN should be performed early in the case of full recovery, hemodynamic stability, and serious metabolic disorders.