Objective To study the value of discriminant analysis of motor unit potential(MUP) multi-parameters in differentiation of various sorts of MUP. MethodsFrom the biceps brachii, tibialis anterior and vastus medialis muscles,the duration, amplitude, area and the ratio of area to amplitude of the MUPs were obtained by use of the spike-wave triggered average technique in 10 patients with myopathic disease, 13 patients with neurogenic disease and 22 healthy adults. The data were subject to analysis of variance and discriminant analysis. ResultsThe differences among the three groups with regard to all the parameters of the MUPs recorded from all the three muscles were statistically significant ( P

Objective To investigate the effects of ischemia reperfusion on the morphological changes of sinoatrial node(SAN) cells in rabbits in vivo . Methods Ninety healthy adult rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 rabbits in control and every subgroup: control group [a suture passed under the root section of right coronary artery(RCA) without ligation], ischemia group(occluding the root section of RCA for 10, 30, 60 and 120 min respectively), ischemia reperfusion group(10, 30, 60 and 120 min ischemia after respectively followed by 4 hours′ reperfusion). Results ① Compared with control group, abnormal structure of SAN cells was not seen in 10 min ischemia group and 10 min ischemia reperfusion group with light microscopy, except slight mitochondrial swelling of SAN cells in former group with electron microscopy. ② There were morphological changes of SAN cells in 7, 6 and 8 rabbits in 30, 60 and 120 min ischemia group, presenting mainly as cellular swelling, karyopyknosis, and focal necrosis under a light microscope, and mitochodrial swelling, cristae disorganization or break under an electron microscope. The most severe cellular damages were found in 120 min ischemia group. ③ In ischemia reperfusion group, there were morphological abnormalities of SAN cells in 6, 8 and 7 rabbits in 30, 60 and 120 min ischemia reperfusion groups. The morphologic changes were similar to those in ischemia group, but injury degree was more severe than that in ischemia group with the same ischemic time. Conclusion Ischemia and ischemia reperfusion can induce morphological changes of SAN cells in a time dependent manner in rabbits in vivo , and the injury degree is more severe in ischemia reperfusion group than that in ischemia group with the same ischemic time.

Ion channels are membrane proteins that are found in a number of viruses and which are of crucial physiological importance in the viral life cycle.They have one common feature in that their action mode involves a change of electrochemical or proton gradient across the bilayer lipid membrane which modulates viral or cellular activity.We will discuss a group of viral channel proteins that belong to the viroproin family,and which participate in a number of viral functions including promoting the release of viral particles from cells.Blocking these channel-forming proteins may be"lethal",which can be a suitable and potential therapeutic strategy.In this review we discuss seven ion channels of viruses which can lead serious infections in human beings: M2 of influenza A,NB and BM2 of influenza B,CM2 of influenza C,Vpu of HIV-1,p7 of HCV and 2B of picornaviruses.

Objective To explore the expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) in pancreatic carcinoma tissues and SW1990 cell line, and to investigate its relationship to the chemoresistance. Methods The expression of XIAP in 23 pancreatic carcinoma tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry and the relationship of XIAP expression with the clinical stage and pathological grade was analyzed. 5-FU was used to induce the chemoresistant capability of SW1990 pancreatic cell line. The XIAP expression in SW1990 was examined by RT-PCR and Western blot. The XIAP level in the cells and its chemoresistance to 5-FU were analyzed by linear regression. Results The XIAP expression was detected in 89. 6% (20/23) of pancreatic carcinoma tissues and 33. 3% (4/12) of normal pancreatic tissues,respectively. The positive rate and expression level of XIAP were higher in pancreatic carcinoma than normal pancreatic tissues. In addition, 5-FU could induce the chemoresistance (P

Hilar cholangiocarcinoma is a rare biliary malignant tumor derived from the biliary epithelial cell. The primary current treat-ments for hilar cholangiocarcinoma include surgery and chemotherapy, as well as radiation and photodynamic therapies (PDT). A com-plete resection with negative margins is the only treatment with the potential for cure and the only way to maximize survival. Howev-er, over half of the patients in the advanced stage of hilar cholangiocarcinoma lost the chance for surgery. Radiotherapy and chemo-therapy can prolong patient survival;however, these lack reliable data. Most patients who cannot be treated surgically undergo biliary stenting to relieve the biliary obstruction. The PDT is a new method to treat various malignant tumors. Several clinical studies have shown its local tumor ablation capability. Thus, PDT has broad application prospects in the treatment of unresectable hilar cholangio-carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE： To analysis the adverse reactions of angiotension converting enzyme inhibitor（ ACEI） ， so as to deepen the understanding to the ARDs and improve the therapeutic effect of ACEI METHODS： The therapeutic effects and ARDs of ACEI were retrospectively reviewed and the incidence of ARDs induced by ACEI and the relationship between different ACEIs and their ARDs were analyzed RESULTS： （ 1） The incidence of ARDs of ACEI was 12％  Stimulating cough， parageusia， gastrointestinal tract discomfort， skin rash， itch of skin， hypotension， headache， dizziness， proteinuria and angioedema were the common symptoms （ 2） Of five kinds of ACEIs， captopril induced the highest incidence of ARDs and stimulating cough， parageusia， gastrointestinal tract discomfort， skin rash and itch of skin were the most common manifestations CONCLUSION： Stimulating cough， parageusia， gastrointestinal tract discomfort and skin rash are the most common symptoms of ARDs， and the symptoms will disappear when drug administration is discontinued

Objective To study the effects of heart ischemia reperfusion on conductive function of atrioventricular node (AVN) in rabbits. Methods Animal models of ischemia reperfusion of AVN were established by ligating and reopening the right coronary artery of rabbits. A total of 60 adult rabbits were divided into control groups ( n =10), right coronary artery occlusion group ( n =10), and ischemia reperfusion groups with ligation of the right artery occlusion for 10, 30, 60 and 120 min respectively ( n =10 for every subgroup). The hemodynamics, His bundle electrography and epicardial electography were carried out and recorded. Results After occlusion of right coronary artery, 94.8% animals in experimental groups were found to have prolonged atrial His interval (AH) ( P

The vertebral artery dissection may be associated with the structural abnormalities of vascular wall or enviromental factors.The symptoms are usually caused by the luminal stenosis or the formation of blood clot,including the pain in posterior neck or mastoid region with local neurological deficits.The diagnostic methods for vertebral artery dissection include digital subtraction angiogaphy,magnetic resonance imaging,CT angiograpby and color Doppler ultrasonography.Anticoagulation is the main treatment option for most patients with vertebral artery dissection.

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features,the diagnosis and therapy of primary pulmonary perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa). Methods One case of primary pulmonary perivascular epithelioid cell tumor diagnosed and treated in April 2010 was presented. The clinical symptoms,imaging, pathology features, treatment and follow-up record of the patient were analyzed retrospectively,and relevant literatures were reviewed. Results The patient had not special clinical symptoms and was found through the medical checkup. The imaging methods could easily find the tumor but hard to diagnose it. The final diagnosis depended on the pathologic features and immunohistochemistry techniques. Among present literatures, scarce cases of pulmonary malignant PEComa were reported. Conclusion Primary pulmonary PEComa is a very rare tumor that arises from mesenchymal tissues, especially the malignant cases. The diagnosis of PEComa mainly depends on the pathological features. Because of the uncertain biologic behavior pulmonary PEComa should be followed up closely for a long term.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the preventive effect of biomembrane on tendon adhesion. METHODS:A total of 40 Chinese articles about randomized controlled animal experiments and clinical applications which were focus on the preventive effect of biomembrane on tendon adhesion published from 1990 to 2008 were collected. And then,those articles were summed up based on experimental animals,grouping,materials,methods,results,and conclusions. Furthermore,clinical subjects received biomembrane were generally analyzed,and following up and functional evaluation were performed to overall summarize the clinical application of biomembrane for preventing tendon adhesion. RESULTS:Six out of nine articles suggested that cock was the major experimental animals,and the biomembrane could effectively prevent tendon adhesion due to good histocompatibility and permeability,and no effect on normal healing of tendon;therefore,it was an ideal material. Eight out of twelve articles suggested that there were no significant differences in biomembrane between age,sex,and injured region. Evaluation criterion in the domain of total range of active movement and active range of each joint demonstrated that biomembrane could successfully prevent tendon adhesion. CONCLUSION:Biomembrane is an excellent anti-adhesive materials with good histocompatibility and permeability.