The proto-oncogene, c-kit gene, widely expresses on the mast cell, melanoeyte, haemopoietic stem cell, intestinal cell of cajal and germoeyte. Recent researches have revealed the relationship between the e-kit gene and the carcinogenesis, proliferation, infiltration and metastasis of some malignant tumor. This article aimed to make a review of its biological function, lab and clinical research advancement in the digestive tract tumor.

Objective The main economic qualities of natural triploid were evaluated and the result laid a foundation to culture new triploid variety of Dioscorea zingiberensis. Methods The ploidy level of series of D. zingiberensis from some areas of Yunnan Province were identified and the qualities of outputs per plantlet,propagation ratio,and diosgenin content etc. were measured. Results Five natural triploids were found and the qualities of the triploids all displayed diversity,output per plantlet 1 090.00—628.57 g,propagation ratio (ploidy) 72.43—29.43,dry substance ratio 36.95%—24.06%,and diosgenin content 4.40%—1.50%. The outputs of series 1 and series 3 exceed 1 000 g,the diosgenin content of series 2 reached to 4.40%,and series 3 displayed excellent quality of outputs per plantlet,propagation ratio,and diosgenin content. The synthetical index is maximum. Conclusion The series comprising good quality are obtained by the discovery of triploid and evaluation of qualities. The triploid variety is to be created with judgment and selection of progeny.

Objective To observe the expression of NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1b) in pterygium and normal conjunctiva specimens,and clarify the role of NLRP3 in the development of pterygium.Methods Specimens from 20 cases of pterygium and 6 cases of normal eonjunctival were analyzed for establishing the expression of NLRP3 and IL-1b by immune-histochemistry.The level of caspase-1 and pro-caspase-1 protein were analyzed by Westernblot,gene expression of interleukin-18 (IL-18) was detected by RT-PCR.Results NLRP3 was not expressed in normal conjunctival epithelial cells,but was positive in the basal part of pterygium;IL-1was not expressed in normal conjunctival tissues,but was positive in pterygium.There was no significant difference about the expression of Procaspase-1 in normal conjunctiva and pterygium (P ＞ 0.05),However,caspase-1,also known as the active form of pro-caspase-1 expressed in pterygiun was higher than that in normal conjunctiva(P ＜ 0.05).The average level of IL-18 in 20 cases of pterygium was significantly higher than that in normal conjunctiva (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion After NLRP3 signaling pathway activating in pterygium tissue,caspase-1,IL-1β and IL-18 are high expression abnormally,suggest that NLRP3 inflammasome and the related signaling pathways may play a role in the progression of pterygium.

Objective To detect the expression and effect of human tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand (hTRAIL) in vivo,by using a novel double expressing adenoviral vector encoding hTRAIL and firefly luciferase ( luc ) gene ( ad -luc-hTRAIL),in which luc was used as reporter gene.Methods Lung cancer A549 cell xenografts in 16 nude mice models were established in subcutaneous inoculation way,the adenovirus vectors ( ad-luc-hTRAIL,ad-hTRAIL,ad-luc) and phosphate buffer saline (PBS) (n =4) as control were injected into tumor respectively.The size of the tumor was measured at different time points (4,7,10,14,21,28 d)after injection.The activity of luciferase in surface of the tumor was detected in vivo by using high-sensitivity cooled-charged coupled device(CCD) camera.The expression of hTRAIL was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry staining after sacrificing the animals at different time points,and immunohistochemical scores (IHS) were measured. The apoptosis rate of tumor cells was detected by using TUNEL and calculated. Analysis of variance,the paired t test and linear correlation analysis was used for the statistics. Results The growing speed of tumour xenografts was more slowly in ad-luc-hTRAIL and ad-hTRAIL groups than PBS group (t =2.71,2.72,P ＜ 0.05 ).The tumor volumes of ad-luc-hTRAIL,ad-hTRAIL,ad-luc and PBS groups 28 days after injection were (208.4 ± 42.3 ),( 181.5 ±23.9),( 403.1 ± 54.0 ) and ( 427.0 ± 59.3 ) mm3, respectively. There was no significant difference between ad-luc group and PBS group(t =2.07,P ＞ 0.05).The expression of luciferase in ad-luc-hTRAILgroup reached its peak at 7th day ( 1.37 ± 1.04),and then decreased quickly.The IHS and apoptosis rate in ad-luc-hTRAIL and ad-hTRAIL groups reached their peaks at 7th day,the peak values of IHS were 6.25 ±2.06 and 6.5 ± 2.89,the peak values of apoptosis rate were (60.75 ± 8.06 ) ％ and ( 61.50 ± 8.47 ) ％,respectively.The amount of luciferase expression ( absolute number of photons detected by CCD camera)was linear positive correlated with IHS and apoptosis rate ( rphotons/IHs =0.942,rph /rate =0.842,rIHs/rate =0.887,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion The target gene hTRAIL can be transfected into lung cancer A549 cell xenografts nude mice models efficiently with a high level expression,and the therapeutic effect of hTRAIL can be monitored by detecting the expression of luc.

An improving method, named direction-coding, is presented in this paper for plotting isodose curves in brachytherapy treatment planning. It is not necessary to find solutions of the intersection point of two lines and distance between two points. All possible curves can be searched with the simplified algorithm. The method is well applied in brachytherapy treatment planning.

Objective To explore clinical application of retrograde medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscle flap for soft tissue defects of the middle and lower third of the leg. Methods From August 2008 to December 2009, in our hospital we adopted retrograde medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscle flap to renovate 5 cases of refractory soft tissue defects of the middle and lower third of the leg. Results Five cases of retrograde medial gastrocnemius muscle flap were survived, morphology and function of soft tissue defects were renovated well. Conclusion This operation is an effective and reliable technique for soft tissue defects of the middle and lower third of the leg, which is performed without sacrificing the major blood vessels, probing vascular pedicle and matching vascular anastomosis.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the stability of garlic oil-hydropropyl-?-cyclodextrin(HP-?-CD)inclusion complex.METHODS:With diallyl trisulfide(DATS)as determination index,the water solution of garlic oil HP-?-CD in-clusion complexes,freeze-drying powders of inclusion complex and the garlic oil injections were respectively subjected to il-lumination,high temperature,dilution tests and accelerated tests,and long-term sample observation tests by gas chro-matography(GC).RESULTS:The content of DATS in freeze-drying powders of inclusion complex had a minimum reduc-tion among the three under conditions of illumination and high temperature.In the accelerated tests and long-term sample observation tests,almost all the determination indexes of freeze-drying powders remained unchanged and a good stability was noted.Within10h,all the different diluents showed no significant effects on the indexes of the inclusion complex.CON-CLUSIONS:As compared with garlic oil injections,the garlic oil inclusion complex had a higher stability,freeze-drying powders of inclusion complex showed the best stability,yet the storing of which still needed to be under a proper temperature and away from light.

Objective To detect the expression and effect of human tumor necrosis facctor related apoptosis-inducing ligand(hTRAIL)in vitro by using a novel double expressing adenoviral vector encoding hTRAIL and firefly lueiferase (luc) gene (Ad-hTRAIL-luc),in which luc wag used, as reporter gene.Methods A549 cells were transduced with the adenoviral vector encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene(Ad-EGFP)at variable multiplicity of infection(MOI).Adenoviral transducfion efficiency wag determined 48 h later.A549 cells were transduced with Ad-hTRAIL-luc at variable MOI.and the following tests were performed 48h later,respectively:the expressive ratio of hTRAIL and the apeptotic ratio of A549 cells were meagnred by flow eytometer;counts per minute(cpm)of luminescence were measurde by scintiUation counters. A549 cells were transduced with Ad-luc at variable MOI, and cpm of luminescence was measured by scintillation counters 48 h later. After A549 cells were transduced with AdhTRAIL-luc,the expressive ratio of hTRAIL,the apoptotic ratio of A549 cells and cpm of luminescence were analyzed by one-way ANOVA.The positive ratio of EGFP and cpm of luminescence (Ad-luc) were analyzed bv nonparametric ANOVA.Results After A549 cells were transfected with Ad-hTRAIL-luc,the expressive ratio of hTRAIL on the cell membrane of the groups were(2.37±0.04)/,(3.16±0.03)/,(3.64±0.03)/,(3.96±0.02)/,(4.24±0.02)/,(4.34±0.02)/ respectively,which showed significant difference between each other (P＜0.01);and the apoptotic ratio of A549 cells were (1.52±0.04)/,(2.93±0.02)/,(3.39±0.02)/,(3.64±0.02)/,(3.86±0.02)/,(4.08±0.02)/,(4.20±0.02)/,respectirely,and it showed significant difference between each other (P＜0.01);cpm of luminescence were 465 561±26 801,1 038 576±29 417,937 655±23 197,786 432±20 028,524 288±16 338,401 566±15 961,respectively,and it also showed significant difference between each other(P＜0.01).There was a positive relationship between the expressive ratio of hTRAIL and cell apoptotic ratio of A549 cells (r=0.984,P＜0.01).Conclusion The double expressing adenoviral vector Ad-hTRAIL-luc can transfer luc and hTRAIL gene to A549 cells efficiently,and the activity of luc may reflect the effect of hTRAIL as well as the expression of hTRAIL.

Objective To study the effects of tetrandrine on the protein expression profile of C. albicans,and to screen for proteins associated with the effect of tetrandrine. Methods Fluconazole-sensitive C. albicans CA-3 was cultured with or without tetrandrine (250 mg/L) for 6 hours followed by the collection of Candida cells. Total proteins were extracted from these cells and separated by using immobilized pH gradient two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Protein spots were detected and analyzed by Image Master 2D Platinum software, and MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS-based method was used to identify these proteins. Results The two-dimensional gel electrophoresis maps of C. albicans proteins before and after the treatment with tetrandrine were successfully obtained with high repeatability. Image analysis revealed a total of 26 differentially expressed protein spots in C. albicans treated with tetrandrine, and 7 differentially expressed proteins were identified by the mass chromatographic analysis, including 1 up-regulated protein (Pst1), and 6 down-regulated proteins (Idh1,Asc1, Rps5, Asn1, Asn1, Srb1 ). Conclusions The expressions of some proteins in fluconazole-sensitive C. albicans experience significant changes after tetrandrine treatment, and Pst1, Idh1, Asc1, Rps5, Asn1, Asn1 and Srb1 may considerab1y contribute to the effects of tetrandrine on C. albicans.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on the metastasis capability of Ewing's sarcoma ceils. MethodsMTT assays were performed to choose appropriate concentrations of As2O3 (＜ 2 μmol/L) for the experiments.Migration and invasion assays were performed to assess the effect of As2O3 on the metastasis of Ewing's sarcoma cells. Changes in matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-9 expressions were detected by gel zymography assay and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT(PI3K-AKT)pathway was investigated using Western blot. ResultsThe amount of Ewing's sarcoma cells across basal membrane of Transwell in migration and invasion assay decreased gradually with the increase in As2O3 concentration. The average quantities of A-673 across the membrane after treatment by gradual concentrations accounted for 54.3 ％,49.0 ％ and 17.0 ％ of that of untreated group respectively in migration assay (F=112.78,P ＜ 0.01), while 52.7 ％, 32.3 ％ and 10.3 ％ in invasion assay(F =183.76, P ＜ 0.01). Similarly, the percentage of RD-ES was 46.0 ％,39.0 ％ and 8.0 ％ in migration assay (F =408.25,P ＜ 0.01) and 58.7 ％,22.3 ％ and 9.0 ％ in invasion assay (F =373.25, P ＜ 0.01)respectively. The difference had statistics significance.The expression of MMP-9 was suppressed by As2O3 treatment according to gel zymography assay.Western blot assay showed that PI3K-AKT pathway was inhibited and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)was inactivated.ConclusionLow-concentration As2O3 may inhibit metastasis capability of Ewing's sarcoma cells.