Surface tension(in terms of hysteresis), lecithin content, PaO2 and lung water content of both bronchial irrigation fluid and lung homogenates were determined after severe inhalation injury in rabbits. In accompany with the decrease of PaO2 and increase of lung water content, there was a remarkable dropping of pulmonary surfactant content as illustrated by progressive increase of surface tension and decrease of lecithin content in both bronchial irrigation fluid and lung homogenate. It was proposed that dropping of pulmonary surfactant played an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary edema after inhalation injury. Therefore, successive determinations of lecithin content or and surface tension of bronchial irrigation fluid might serve as an early diagnosis as well as a pro-gnostis aid in severe inhalation injuries.

The effect of astrocytes on the growth and differentiation of co-cultured mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was studied. MSCs of Wistar rats were isolated, cultured and labeled with Hoechst33342. The labeled MSCs were co-cultured with astrocytes in DMEM/F12/10%FBS. The growth status and morphologic change of MSCs were observed. The expression of specific protein NeuN, GFAP and CNP was detected by using immunofluorescence staining. The results showed that the two kinds of co-cultured cells grew well. Some labeled MSCs stretched out long processes with spin, triangle and star shapes. Immunofluorescence stain showed that these cells expressed NeuN, GFAP or CNP. It was suggested that astrocytes could promote the prolifevation of co-cultured MSCs and induce them to differentiate into neural like cells.

Objective:To explore the correlation of serum neurogenic exosome MicroRNA-211-5p(miR-211-5p)levels and brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)levels with cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease and their diagnostic value.Methods:A total of 80 patients with Parkinson's disease(PD)admitted to the Second Hospital of Jiaxing City from January 2017 to April 2018 were enrolled.According to the Montreal cognitive assessment scale, patients were divided into the cognitive impairment group(n=36)and the non-cognitive impairment group(n=44). Meanwhile, 30 healthy people who took health check-ups during the same period were selected as the control group.Exosomes were extracted from peripheral blood of subjects by using the ExoQuick kit, and the neurogenic exosomes were separated by an L1 cell adhesion molecule(L1CAM)biotinylated antibody.BDNF levels in the exosomes were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and the expression level of miR-211-5p in the exosome was determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-QPCR).Results:There was a correlation between BDNF and miR-211-5p( r=-0.805, P<0.001)in serum neurogenic exosomes( r=-0.805, P<0.001). BDNF was correlated with miR-211-5p in both the PD and control groups( r=-0.785 and-0.867, P=0.002 and 0.001). The miR-211-5p level was higher and the BDNF level was lower in the PD group than in the control group(0.30±0.08 vs. 0.17±0.04, 0.55±0.06 mg/L vs. 0.75±0.06 mg/L, t=7.125 and 6.368, P=0.000 and 0.000). The BDNF level was lower(0.45±0.07 mg/L vs.0.63±0.07 6.368 and 0.75±0.08 mg/L, t=8.999 and 7.608, P=0.000 and 0.000)and the MiR-211-5p level was higher(0.36±0.07 vs. 0.24±0.05 and 0.17±0.04, t=10.923 and 7.520, P=0.000 and 0.000)in the cognitive impairment group than in the non-cognitive impairment and control groups.The receiver-operating characteristics(ROC)curve showed that the area under the curve of miR-211-5p as a measure for cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease was 0.860(95% CI: 0.770-0.950)with a threshold of 0.32.The area under the curve of BDNF as a measure for cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease was 0.891(95% CI: 0.822-0.961)with a threshold of 0.67.BDNF seemed to be the target gene of miR-211-5p, since the latter could inhibit BDNF expression by reducing BDNF mRNA levels. Conclusions:Human serum neurogenic exosome miR-211-5p is highly expressed in PD patients with cognitive impairment and has the potential to be used as one of diagnostic parameters for cognitive impairment in PD patients.The high expression of serum neurogenic exosome miR-211-5p may be related to the inhibition of BDNF by reducing its mRNA levels.

Objective To quantitatively assess the liver fat content by Nav IDEAL-IQ and compare with conventional breath-hold IDEAL-IQ and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).Methods Twenty volunteers,twenty fatty liver patients and twenty patients with other liver diseases were enrolled in this study.IDEAL-IQ,Nav IDEAL-IQ and MRS imaging were performed and fat fraction (FF) were measured respectively.The results were compared by t-test to explore whether there were differences between these groups. Spearman correlation analysis was also used to test the correlation.Results No significant differences in the FF measured by IDEAL-IQ,Nav IDEAL-IQ and MRS in normal volunteers [(4.09±0.82)%,(3.94±0.83)%,(3.92±0.85)%],fatty liver [(15.5±6.1)%,(11.8±6.5)%,(1 2 .4 ± 7 .2 )% ] and other liver lesions patients [(4.20±0.84)%,(4.00±0.94)%,(3.97±0.96)%]were found between these groups (P>0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between Nav IDEAL-IQ and MRS,and the correlation coefficients of these groups were 0.959,0.786 and 0.945,respectively.Conclusion The results of Nav IDEAL-IQ of fat quantification are consistent with MRS results and it increases the success rate of fat quantitative testing.In a word,it is a noninvasive,convenient and accurate way to measure fat fraction.