Objective To evaluate the feasibility and the safety of endoscopic closure for acute colon perforations with novel successive endoclips in animal model. Methods Approximately 1. 5 to 2 cm colonic full-thickness resections were created with an electrotome in 3 Ba-Ma pigs that were under general anesthesia and were closed with the conventional endoclips and novel successive endoclips respectively. The procedure time and the efficacy of each endoclip were recorded. After the procedure,the general condition and physiological indicators were carefully monitored. After a follow-up of 1 week,the pigs were euthanized for an endoscopic observation of the healing condition and the residual endoclips. A postmortem examination was performed to observe the abdominal infection and incision condition. Transverse sections of the colon across the site of perforation were taken for histopathologic examination to assess the healing process. Results All the colonic perforation models in three pigs were established successfully. Endoscopic closure for acute colon perforation with two kinds of endoclips was technically successful in all 3 pigs. The mean time of the procedure with successive endoclip was less than that with the conventional endoclip(54. 0 seconds VS 91. 9 seconds,P<0. 001),but the successful release rate of the successive endoclip was lower than that of the conventional endoclip without significant difference[62. 5%(15/ 24)VS 14/ 16,P= 0. 17].All the ani-mals survived without infection and hemorrhage. Five perforations demonstrated signs of healing,whereas one closed with the novel successive endoclips failed to heal completely. Conclusion Endoscopic closure for a-cute colon perforations with novel successive endoclips is effective and safe. The novel successive endoclip has the advantage of saving time,but it needs to be further improved and perfected to satisfy the clinical need.

Objective To study the drifting law of floats and potential risks of Oncomelania hupensis diffusion in the water diversion rivers of the east route of South?to?North Water Diversion Project. Methods The O. hupensis snails in the river chan?nels were monitored by the salvage method and snail luring method with rice straw curtains,and the diffusion possibility of snails along with water was assessed through the drift test of floats with GPS. Results In the flood seasons from 2006 to 2013, totally 8 338.0 kg of floats were salvaged,and 2 100 rice straw curtains were put into water in the Li Canal and Jinbao shipping channel,but no Oncomelania snails were found. The drift test of floats with GPS before water diversion showed that the flow ve?locity on water surface(northbound)was 0.45 m/s,the average drift velocity of the floats was 0.56-0.60 m/s,and the average drift distances each time were 999.70- 1 995.50 m in the Gaoshui River section,while there were no obvious drift in Jinbao shipping channel section. During the water diversion period,the flow velocity on water surface(northbound)was 0.45 m/s,the average drift velocity of the floats was 0.35-0.41m/s,and the average drift distances each time were 1 248.06-1 289.44 m in the Gaoshui River,while in Jinbao shipping channel section,the flow velocity on water surface was 0.28 m/s,the average drift velocity of the floats was 0.25- 0.27 m/s,and the average drift distances each time were 477.76- 496.38 m. The drift test showed that the floats gradually closed to the river bank as affected by water flow,wind direction and ship waves,when blocked by the reeds,water plants or other obstacles,and they would stopped and could not continue to drift without outside help. Con?clusions There are no Oncomelania snails found in the river channels of the east route of South?to?North Water Diversion Proj?ect. The drifting distance of the floating debris along with the water is restricted by the flow rate and shore environment.

To investigate the effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) from type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on wound healing of pressure ulcers in mice.Methods: (1) In September 2016, the subcutaneous adipose tissue of a 60-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus was harvested, and then AMSCs were extracted by collagenase digestion and cultured. The third passage of cells were used for subsequent experiments. The morphology of cells was observed, and their osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation abilities were identified. The expressions of cell surface markers CD90, CD105, CD73, and CD34 were detected by flow cytometer (n=3). (2) Sixteen female C57BL/6 wild-type mice aged 6-8 weeks were selected, and one pressure ulcer wound was created on each side of the spine of each mouse by pressing the skin with two magnets. The two wounds of each mouse were paired and divided into diabetic AMSCs group and negative control group, injected with 100 μL phosphate buffer solution (PBS) containing green fluorescent protein-labeled AMSCs (1×10⁶ cells) and 100 μL PBS, respectively. The wound healing status of the two groups within post injection day (PID) 21 was observed, and their wound healing rates on PID 5, 13, and 17 were calculated. Three mice were sacrificed on PID 11 and 21, respectively, and tissue of three wounds was harvested from each group. The skin structure was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, the collagen deposition was evaluated by Masson staining, and the positive expression of CD31, i. e., the number of new blood vessels was counted by immunohistochemistry. Wound tissue samples of two groups prepared on PID 21 as above-mentioned were harvested, and the positive cell rate of S100, representing the regeneration of Schwann cells, was detected by immunohistochemistry. Wound tissue samples of diabetic AMSCs group prepared on PID 11 as above-mentioned were harvested, and the colonization of AMSCs was observed by fluorescence tracer method. Data were processed with paired t test and Bonferroni correction. Results: (1) The third passage of cells isolated and cultured from the subcutaneous adipose tissue of a type 2 diabetes mellitus patient grew adherently to the wall in a long spindle and vortex-like manner. After induction, the cells showed osteogenic, chondrogenic, and lipogenic differentiation abilities. The positive expression rates of CD90, CD105, and CD73 on the cell surface were higher than 90.00%, and the expression rate of CD34 was 0.46%. The cells were identified as AMSCs. (2) The mice wounds of diabetic AMSCs group healed quickly, and all the wounds healed completely on PID 17, while the mice wounds in negative control group were not completely closed at this time, and there was still scab on the surface. On PID 5, 13, and 17, the healing rates of mice wounds of diabetic AMSCs group were (35.6±6.5)%, (87.1±2.5)%, and 100.0%, respectively, significantly higher than (19.8±7.2)%, (66.2±5.2)%, and (86.9±5.3)% of negative control group (t=6.49, 14.31, 9.73, P<0.05). Compared with that of negative control group, the inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced in mice wounds tissue of diabetic AMSCs group on PID 11, and thicker epidermis and dermis as well as regenerated skin appendages were observed on PID 21. On PID 11 and 21, the collagen percentages of mice wounds tissue in diabetic AMSCs group was (48.3±1.3)% and (54.1±1.7)%, respectively, significantly higher than (41.4±1.7)% and (50.3±1.2)% of negative control group (t=6.98, 3.99, P<0.01). On PID 11 and 21, the numbers of new blood vessels in mice wounds tissue of diabetic AMSCs group were 17.2±1.3 and 18.0±2.1, respectively, significantly more than 8.0±1.4 and 14.0±1.5 of negative control group (t=10.69, 3.38, P<0.01). On PID 21, the S100 positive cell percentage in mice wounds tissue of diabetic AMSCs group was (1.76±0.12)%, significantly higher than (0.55±0.03)% of negative control group (t=21.68, P<0.001). On PID 11, the colonization of AMSCs in mice wounds tissue of diabetic AMSCs group was observed. Conclusions Transplantation of AMSCs from type 2 diabetic mellitus patients can accelerate wound healing of pressure ulcers in mice by promoting angiogenesis, collagen deposition, and Schwann cell regeneration.

Objective: To explore the clinical effects of superior gluteal artery perforator island flap in repair of sacral pressure ulcer. Methods: From May 2012 to May 2017, 20 patients with sacral pressure ulcers (14 males and 6 females, aged 27 to 67 years) were admitted to our department. According to the consensus staging system of National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel in 2016, 6 cases were in 3 stages, 14 cases were in 4 stages, with the area of pressure ulcers ranging from 5.0 cm×4.0 cm to 10.0 cm×8.0 cm. After debridement and vacuum sealing drainage, the superior gluteal artery perforator island flaps were used to repair the pressure wounds, with the area of flaps ranging from 6 cm×5 cm to 13 cm×8 cm. The donor sites were sutured directly. The survival of flaps after operation, the healing of wounds, and the follow-up of patients were observed. Results: After surgery, flaps of 20 patients survived well without reoperation. The length of hospital stay of patients was 20 to 40 days, with an average of 25 days. Eighteen patients were followed up for 6 to 24 months, with an average of 12.2 months. The flaps were in good shape and elastic recovery. There were no complications such as seroma or hematoma in the donor sites. Both the patients and family members expressed satisfaction with the shape and texture of the flap and shape of hip. Conclusions The superior gluteal artery perforator island flap is reliable in blood supply and easy to rotate. The flap can carry a little muscle to increase the anti-infective ability. Moreover, the donor site can be directly sutured with slight damage. Thus, it is one of the good methods for repairing sacral pressure ulcers.

Objective:To study the short-term effect of early application of intestinal microecological therapy after gastric cancer surgery.Methods:A retrospective analysis was made on 96 patients with early and middle stage gastric cancer who underwent surgical treatment in the department of gastrointestinal surgery of Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital from June 1, 2020 to May 31, 2021. Among them, 48 patients in the observation group were given enteral nutrition support treatment in the early stage after operation and intestinal microecological preparation, while the control group of 48 patients in the early postoperative were given enteral nutrition support. The serum total protein, albumin, prealbumin and other nutrition related indexes and immune related indexes such as CD4 + , CD8 + , CD4 + /CD8 + were detected before and 7 days after operation. The clinical indexes such as the time of first anal exhaust and the incidence of infectious complications were recorded. Results:There was no significant difference between the two groups in preoperative serum total protein, albumin, prealbumin and immune related indexes such as CD4 + , CD8 + , CD4 + /CD8 + ( P>0.05). 7 days after operation, the above indexes in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). The anal exhaust recovery time of observation group was faster ( P<0.05); There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative infectious complications between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Early application of intestinal microecological agents in patients with gastric cancer after operation can significantly improve the nutritional status and immune function, promote the recovery of intestinal function, and will not increase the incidence of complications.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell immunotherapy is a revolutionary advancement in cancer treatment, and is highly effective in treatment of B cell leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. However, it has some deficiencies such as antigen escape, antigen heterogeneity, toxic and side effects, which also pose challenges for therapy of other hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Comprehensive and continuous laboratory monitoring before and after CAR-T cell immunotherapy plays an important role in early warning of toxic and side effects, as well as theraputic evaluation. In the future, new breakthroughs for tumor therapy. Should be focused on improving CAR-T cells design, enhancing their anti-tumor activity, and optimizing therapeutic regimen.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinical and genetic features of a family with Parkinson's disease caused by expansion of CAG triplet repeat in the ATXN2 gene.

METHODSThe CAG/CAA repeat in the ATXN2 gene was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing.

RESULTSMolecular testing has documented a pathological heterozygous expansion of the CAG repeat from 33 to 35 in 6 patients and other 8 family members. Two patients had pure CAG triplet repeat expansion in their ATXN2 gene, while others had CAA interruption.

CONCLUSIONExpanded CAG/CAA repeat in the ATXN2 gene is the causative mutation of the disease in this family.The 8 members with expanded CAG/CAA repeat may be asymptomatic patients. It is supposed that the number and configuration of the ATXN2 CAG/CAA repeat expansion may play an important role in the phenotypic variability of Parkinson's disease.

Aged ; Ataxin-2 ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Family Health ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parkinson Disease ; genetics ; pathology ; Pedigree ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; methods ; Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion ; genetics

Objective To investigate the effects of the extent of regional lymph node dissection on the prognosis of patients with T4 gallbladder carcinoma.Methods The retrospective cohort study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 64 patients with T4 gallbladder carcinoma who underwent radical cholecystectomy in the 4 medical centers between January 2013 and December 2016 were collected,including 31 in the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital of Naval Medical University,16 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,11 in the Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and 6 in the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College.There were 27 males and 37 females,aged from 35 to 77 years,with a median age of 59 years.Sixty-four patients underwent radical cholecystectomy and regional lymph node dissection.According to the extent of intraoperative lymph node dissection,25 patients (13 in the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital of Naval Medical University,6 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,4 in the Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and 2 in the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College) whose extent of lymph node dissection involved lymph nodes next to cystic duct,hepatoduodenal ligament,back of head of pancreas,next to common hepatic artery and celiac trunk were allocated into the extended dissection group,39 patients (18 in the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital of Naval Medical University,10 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,7 in the Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and 4 in the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College) whose extent of lymph node dissection involved lymph nodes next to cystic duct and hepatoduodenal ligament were allocated into the control group.Observation indicators:(1) postoperative complications;(2) follow-up and survival situations.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect postoperative overall survival up to January 2018.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD,and comparison between groups was evaluated with the independentsample t test.Count data were represented as absolute number or percentage,and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test and Fisher exact probability.The survival curve was drawn using the KaplanMeier method,and the comparison of survival rates was done by the Log-rank test.Results (1) Postoperative complications:64 patients with T4 gallbladder carcinoma underwent successful radical cholecystectomy and regional lymph node dissection,without intraoperative death.Twelve patients had different degrees of postoperative complications.Four of 7 patients undergoing extended radical cholecystectomy had postoperative complications.Twenty-five patients in the extended dissection group were cured by conservative treatment,including 4 with intraperitoneal infection and 2 with pancreatic leakage,with a complication incidence of 24.0％ (6/25).Thirtynine patients in the control group were cured by conservative treatment,including 5 with intraperitoneal infection and 1 with gastric retention,with a complication incidence of 15.4％ (6/39).There was no statistically significant difference in the complication incidence between the two groups (x2=0.284,P＞0.05).(2) Follow-up and survival situations:64 patients were followed up for 1-60 months.The postoperative overall median survival time was l l months.The postoperative median survival time,1-,3-and 5-year cumulative survival rates were respectively 18 months,80％,16％,9％ in the extended dissection group and 8 months,21％,4％,0 in the control group,with a statistically significant difference in the prognosis between the two groups (x2=14.744,P＜ 0.05).Conclusions On the premise of practiced surgical skill,extended regional lymph node dissection cannot increase incidence of surgical complication in patients with T4 gallbladder carcinoma after radical resection.Actively extending lymph node dissection up to near common hepatic artery,peri-celiac trunk and back of head of pancreas can improve long-term survival and prognosis.

To investigate the clinical effect of surgical treatment for femoral head fracture-dislocation (Pipkin fracture).
 Methods: A total of 17 patients with femoral head fracture-dislocation were retrospectively analyzed. The duration from injury to surgery was 1-30 (average 9.5) days. According to the classification of Pipkin criteria, there were 4, 6, 1, and 6 cases in Type I, Type II, Type III, and Type IV, respectively. Thirteen patients were treated with skin traction or bone traction after admission, and the postoperative traction lasted for 4 weeks. 
 Results: All patients got a mean follow-up of 43(8-84) months. No patient suffered from infection and skin flap necrosis. X ray showed no implants loose or breakage. According to the Thompson-Epstein evaluation system, among the cases of Type I, 3 cases were excellent and 1 case was fair; among the cases of Type II, 3 cases were excellent, 2 cases were good, and 1 case was poor. The case of Type III was good. Among the cases of Type IV, 2 cases were excellent, 2 cases were good, and 2 cases were fair. The excellent and good rate was 76.47%.
 Conclusion: Early diagnosis of Pipkin fracture, reasonable selection of surgical approach and internal fixation according to Pipkin classification can help patients to obtain satisfactory hip function and improve their prognosis.
Femur Head ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Hip Fractures ; surgery ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To construct SpyCatcher-mi3 nanoparticle vaccine delivery vectors,evaluate their role in enhancing the immunogenicity of the ovalbumin CD8+T-cell epitope peptide,OVA257-264,and determine its protective effect in a model which mice were immunized and subcutaneously challenged with E.G7-OVA tumor cells.Methods SpyCatcher-mi3 proteins were expressed by E.coli and purified by affinity chromatography and anion exchange chromatography sequentially.OVA257-264-SpyTag peptide was obtained by synthesis.The OVA257-264-mi3 nanoparticles were produced by the SpyTag/SpyCatcher system.The toxicity of OVA257-264-mi3 was evaluated using hemolysis assay,CCK-8 assay and mouse experiment.A total of 42 female SPF-grade C57BL/6 mice(6～8 weeks old,18～20 g)were randomly divided into OVA257-264-mi3,OVA257-264,and control groups,with 14 mice in each group.Then the mice in each group were immunized on days 0,14 and 28.In 14 d after the last immunization,the amounts of spot-forming cells(SFCs,indicating IFN-γ secreting cells in splenic lymphocytes)were determined using ELISpot assay to evaluate their immunogenicity.After the immunized mice were subcutaneously implanted with E.G7-OVA tumor cells,the antitumor effect of the vaccine in prophylactic xenograft tumor model was evaluate by observing tumor volumes with a caliper and tumor growth with MRI.Results Both SpyCatcher-mi3 and OVA257-264-mi3 could be self-assembled to form homogeneous and stable nanoparticles,with an average particle size of about 43.8 and 91.3 nm,respectively.The OVA257-264-mi3 was safe for in vitro and in vivo toxicity evaluation.The number of IFN--y secreting cells per 1 × 106 splenic lymphocytes reached 253 in the OVA257-264-mi3 group of mice,significantly higher than that in the OVA257-264 group and the Control group(P＜0.05).The tumor volume of mice in the OVA257-264-mi3 group was about 151.1 mm3 on day 22,which was significantly smaller than that of the OVA257-264 group and the Control group(P＜0.05),and the survival rate during the observation period reached 60％,which was significantly higher than that of the OVA257-264 groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion Nanoparticle vaccine OVA257-264-mi3 is successfully constructed,and it shows enhancing effect on the immunogenicity of the antigen epitope peptide,and exerts protective effect on prophylactic xenograft tumor model,providing a theoretical basis for the research of tumor neoantigen vaccines.