Objective To investigate the changing trends in 4 continuous point prevalence surveys of healthcare-as-sociated infection(HAI)in a hospital. Methods The occurrence of HAI among all hospitalized patients were inves-tigated on a given day from 0:00 to 24:00 in May,2006,2008,2010,and 2012 respectively.Results A total of 4 497 patients should be investigated,4 387 (97.55% )patients were actually investigated;184 patients developed 209 times of HAI,point prevalence rate of HAI was 4.19% ,case prevalence rate was 4.76% . Trendχ2 test showed that HAI prevalence rate decreased gradually from 5.56% in 2006 to 2.76% in 2012(χ2= 14.07,P<0.001).The main infection site was lower respiratory tract (55.03% ),followed by urinary tract(14.83% )and upper respiratory tract(9.57% ).The overall usage rate of antimicrobial agents was 38.50% . Trendχ2 test showed that usage rate of antimicrobial agents decreased gradually from 2006 to 2012(χ2= 5.13,P= 0.023);pathogenic detection rate in pa-tients receiving therapeutic and therapeutic plus prophylactic antimicrobial use increased gradually(χ2= 40.81 ,P<0.001);single use of antimicrobial agents increased gradually(χ2= 23.86,P<0.001). The rate of arteriovenous in-tubation ,urinary catheterization ,respirator use,and venous intubation in patients with HAI was significantly higher than those without HAI (27.17% vs 9.80% ,35.33% vs 11.54% ,13.59% vs 4.33% ,84.78% vs 63.24%respectively ,all P<0.001). Conclusion Management of rational use of antimicrobial agents has been achieved re-markably,control of HAI improved continuously;but control of invasive procedure-associated infection need to be intensified,management of rational use of antimicrobial agents should be paid much attention.

China has the largest human biological and pathological tissue resource in terms of both quantity and diversity, whichis true for oral cancer as well. However, this unique and valuable resource did not yield expected results in clinical translational research.On one side, clinicians lack experience in identification of research topics, even with plenty of clinical specimens. On the otherside, researchers consider high impact publications as the top priority instead of clinical significance. The disalignment of the interestsbetween these two sides led to inefficient and inadequate communications and collaborations. To change the current situation, we needto encourage clinicians to raise questions and generate research topics from clinical practice and to actively participate in translationalresearch. Meanwhile, researchers need to understand basics of clinical medicine and design research projects with a focus on clinicalproblems. Closer collaborations between clinicians and researchers will help to identify new biomarkers of clinical significance throughsystematic clinical studies, which have the potential to translate into practical knowledge in diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of diseases.We can further evaluate and validate these translational results systematically by large-scale random clinical trials.

Objective To investigate closure of different Fisher grade patients with subarachnoid product volume and the degree of cerebral vasospasm aneurysm clipping.Methods Patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) were selected from January 2014 to January 2015,including 20 patients with grade Ⅰ,25 patients with grade Ⅱ,and 15 patients with grade Ⅲ.They were divided into 20 patients with aneurysmal SAH(A group),18 patients without aneurysmal SAH (B group) and C group(22 cases).The operation effect was compared.Results C group as the standard,CT preoperative diagnosis had no statistically significant difference among A,B,C group (x2 =0.12,P ＞0.05).After treatment,the cerebral spasticity scores of A,B group were significantly decreased,and the level-Ⅰ and Ⅱ patients decreased more significantly compared with stage Ⅲ patients,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(x2 =7.05,P ＜ 0.05).In group C,the blood flow velocity at the 7th and 13rd day significantly increased (x2 =7.05,P ＜ 0.05),and velocity of blood flow in group A and B Ⅰ and Ⅱ patients was significantly higher than that of grade Ⅲ patients (t =8.75,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion For the patients with Fisher grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ,the increase in the volume of subarachnoid hemorrhage,cerebral vasospasm,and the effect of the patients with Ⅲ were more obvious.

Objective To explore correlations between hepatitis B virus (HBV)genotyping,other clinical information and drug resistance mutations.Methods 358 cases of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB)were selected as subjects,and the resistance loci and genotypes were detected by using the polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-reverse dot blot technique.Clinical data,such as ser-um HBV DNA loads,serum levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and hepatitis B virus e antigen(HBeAg),gender,age and length of nucleoside analogues use were collected.Results All samples were successfully amplified positive band.Type B(267 ca-ses)was the main HBV genotype,followed by type C(81 cases)and type D(10 cases).In the 31 1 cases of patients taking nucleoside analogues,269 cases were completely wild type.No drug resistance mutation was found in 47 cases of patients not taking medicine. The drug resistance mutations mainly occured in 204 and 180/204 site.There was no significant correlation between resistance mu-tations and gender,age,serum HBV DNA loads,genotype,serum levels of ALT and HBeAg(P >0.05).While the medication time was longer,the incidence of resistant mutants was greater(P <0.05).The 180 mutation had a certain correlation with 204 site mu-tation(P <0.05).Conclusion PCR-reverse dot blot technology can effectively detect the HBV genotype and mutations,which could effectively guide the clinical medication.

Hepatic venous outflow obstruction is a vascular complication after pediatric liver transplantation.Endovascular treatment has become the first therapeutic option for hepatic venous outflow obstruction after pediatric liver transplantation.The progresses in endovascular treatment of hepatic venous outflow obstruction after pediatric liver transplantation were reviewed in this article.

Objective To study the value of discriminant analysis of motor unit potential(MUP) multi-parameters in differentiation of various sorts of MUP. MethodsFrom the biceps brachii, tibialis anterior and vastus medialis muscles,the duration, amplitude, area and the ratio of area to amplitude of the MUPs were obtained by use of the spike-wave triggered average technique in 10 patients with myopathic disease, 13 patients with neurogenic disease and 22 healthy adults. The data were subject to analysis of variance and discriminant analysis. ResultsThe differences among the three groups with regard to all the parameters of the MUPs recorded from all the three muscles were statistically significant ( P

The eosinophilic otitis media(EOM) is an intractable disease characterized by the presence of a highly viscous yellow effusion with extensive accumulation of eosinophils in the middle ear; granulation tissue can been discovered in the middle ear cavity; most of patients have association with bronchial asthma; resist to conventional treatment for otitis media; EOM patients show gradual deterioration of hearing and sometimes become deaf suddenly; effective treatment involves use of topical and oral steroids. This article summarizes the progress of the EOM's diagnosis and treatment.
Asthma ; complications ; Ear, Middle ; physiopathology ; Eosinophilia ; pathology ; Eosinophils ; Hearing Loss ; complications ; Humans ; Otitis Media ; pathology

Objective To investigate the effect of different loads of swimming on change of bone metabolism of the aged male mice. Methods Forty Kunming strain male mice aged twelve months were randomly divided into five groups: thirty minute group, sixty minute group, sixty minute plus load group, experimental control group and sedentary control group. Eight male mice of two months old were recruited and served as the young sedentary controls. At the end of the 8 week, training period, all mice were sacrificed, the femur and thoracic vertebra were sampled for determining content of hydroxyproline, and serum testosterone, estradiol, osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase and calcium were tested. Results After 8 weeks of swimming training, serum testosterone and estradiol levels and the content of hydroxyproline in the femur were significantly increased ( P

A micro droplet generator based on V-shape linear ultrasonic motor was prepared to produce micro droplets with higher accuracy in the field of biochemistry.The device was composed of a micro droplet generator which was driven by the V-shaped linear ultrasonic motor, a three-dimensional displacement platform based on V-shaped linear ultrasonic motor, and a micro droplet separation unit based on the piezoelectric vibrator.The generating part consisted of an ultrasonic motor, a medical syringe, a silica flexible tube and a self-made micro nozzle based on glass.Utilizing the drive controller to drive the linear ultrasonic motor, the slipway pushes forward the syringe and the micro droplet was attached to the glass nozzle.The natural mode of the rod nozzle was excited by the piezoelectric vibrator.The attached droplet was separated from the tip of the nozzle after overcoming the viscous force.The separated droplet fell in a certain range.And the radius of the spherical droplet was calculated.In the experiment, distilled water was used as the initial liquid to investigate the characteristics of the micro droplets produced by the device.The experimental results showed that the droplet was attached to the tip of the micro nozzle which was formed by distilled water under the linear motor.By the vibration of the separation unit, the attached droplets formed the spherical droplets by overcoming the viscous forces in the tip of the nozzle.The radius of spherical droplets generated by this device was less than 40 μm by measuring the size.

Contemporary social developments and changes have greatly influenced university students’thought and psychology,for the universities of ideological and political education not only brings the opportunity,but also brings the challenges.The universities of ideological and political education work to strengthen mental health education,in practice,can improve the universities of ideological and political education work more targeted and effective.