Objective To study the value of discriminant analysis of motor unit potential(MUP) multi-parameters in differentiation of various sorts of MUP. MethodsFrom the biceps brachii, tibialis anterior and vastus medialis muscles,the duration, amplitude, area and the ratio of area to amplitude of the MUPs were obtained by use of the spike-wave triggered average technique in 10 patients with myopathic disease, 13 patients with neurogenic disease and 22 healthy adults. The data were subject to analysis of variance and discriminant analysis. ResultsThe differences among the three groups with regard to all the parameters of the MUPs recorded from all the three muscles were statistically significant ( P

Objective To investigate the changing trends in 4 continuous point prevalence surveys of healthcare-as-sociated infection(HAI)in a hospital. Methods The occurrence of HAI among all hospitalized patients were inves-tigated on a given day from 0:00 to 24:00 in May,2006,2008,2010,and 2012 respectively.Results A total of 4 497 patients should be investigated,4 387 (97.55% )patients were actually investigated;184 patients developed 209 times of HAI,point prevalence rate of HAI was 4.19% ,case prevalence rate was 4.76% . Trendχ2 test showed that HAI prevalence rate decreased gradually from 5.56% in 2006 to 2.76% in 2012(χ2= 14.07,P<0.001).The main infection site was lower respiratory tract (55.03% ),followed by urinary tract(14.83% )and upper respiratory tract(9.57% ).The overall usage rate of antimicrobial agents was 38.50% . Trendχ2 test showed that usage rate of antimicrobial agents decreased gradually from 2006 to 2012(χ2= 5.13,P= 0.023);pathogenic detection rate in pa-tients receiving therapeutic and therapeutic plus prophylactic antimicrobial use increased gradually(χ2= 40.81 ,P<0.001);single use of antimicrobial agents increased gradually(χ2= 23.86,P<0.001). The rate of arteriovenous in-tubation ,urinary catheterization ,respirator use,and venous intubation in patients with HAI was significantly higher than those without HAI (27.17% vs 9.80% ,35.33% vs 11.54% ,13.59% vs 4.33% ,84.78% vs 63.24%respectively ,all P<0.001). Conclusion Management of rational use of antimicrobial agents has been achieved re-markably,control of HAI improved continuously;but control of invasive procedure-associated infection need to be intensified,management of rational use of antimicrobial agents should be paid much attention.

Objective To explore correlations between hepatitis B virus (HBV)genotyping,other clinical information and drug resistance mutations.Methods 358 cases of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB)were selected as subjects,and the resistance loci and genotypes were detected by using the polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-reverse dot blot technique.Clinical data,such as ser-um HBV DNA loads,serum levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and hepatitis B virus e antigen(HBeAg),gender,age and length of nucleoside analogues use were collected.Results All samples were successfully amplified positive band.Type B(267 ca-ses)was the main HBV genotype,followed by type C(81 cases)and type D(10 cases).In the 31 1 cases of patients taking nucleoside analogues,269 cases were completely wild type.No drug resistance mutation was found in 47 cases of patients not taking medicine. The drug resistance mutations mainly occured in 204 and 180/204 site.There was no significant correlation between resistance mu-tations and gender,age,serum HBV DNA loads,genotype,serum levels of ALT and HBeAg(P >0.05).While the medication time was longer,the incidence of resistant mutants was greater(P <0.05).The 180 mutation had a certain correlation with 204 site mu-tation(P <0.05).Conclusion PCR-reverse dot blot technology can effectively detect the HBV genotype and mutations,which could effectively guide the clinical medication.

China has the largest human biological and pathological tissue resource in terms of both quantity and diversity, whichis true for oral cancer as well. However, this unique and valuable resource did not yield expected results in clinical translational research.On one side, clinicians lack experience in identification of research topics, even with plenty of clinical specimens. On the otherside, researchers consider high impact publications as the top priority instead of clinical significance. The disalignment of the interestsbetween these two sides led to inefficient and inadequate communications and collaborations. To change the current situation, we needto encourage clinicians to raise questions and generate research topics from clinical practice and to actively participate in translationalresearch. Meanwhile, researchers need to understand basics of clinical medicine and design research projects with a focus on clinicalproblems. Closer collaborations between clinicians and researchers will help to identify new biomarkers of clinical significance throughsystematic clinical studies, which have the potential to translate into practical knowledge in diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of diseases.We can further evaluate and validate these translational results systematically by large-scale random clinical trials.

Objective To investigate closure of different Fisher grade patients with subarachnoid product volume and the degree of cerebral vasospasm aneurysm clipping.Methods Patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) were selected from January 2014 to January 2015,including 20 patients with grade Ⅰ,25 patients with grade Ⅱ,and 15 patients with grade Ⅲ.They were divided into 20 patients with aneurysmal SAH(A group),18 patients without aneurysmal SAH (B group) and C group(22 cases).The operation effect was compared.Results C group as the standard,CT preoperative diagnosis had no statistically significant difference among A,B,C group (x2 =0.12,P ＞0.05).After treatment,the cerebral spasticity scores of A,B group were significantly decreased,and the level-Ⅰ and Ⅱ patients decreased more significantly compared with stage Ⅲ patients,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(x2 =7.05,P ＜ 0.05).In group C,the blood flow velocity at the 7th and 13rd day significantly increased (x2 =7.05,P ＜ 0.05),and velocity of blood flow in group A and B Ⅰ and Ⅱ patients was significantly higher than that of grade Ⅲ patients (t =8.75,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion For the patients with Fisher grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ,the increase in the volume of subarachnoid hemorrhage,cerebral vasospasm,and the effect of the patients with Ⅲ were more obvious.

Hepatic venous outflow obstruction is a vascular complication after pediatric liver transplantation.Endovascular treatment has become the first therapeutic option for hepatic venous outflow obstruction after pediatric liver transplantation.The progresses in endovascular treatment of hepatic venous outflow obstruction after pediatric liver transplantation were reviewed in this article.

This paper tried to explore the method of excavation and sorting for local cultural knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine by confirming the research content, setting the eligibility, designing the research method, and implementing the research plan. We pointed out that the trial design, working style, policy support and funding support played an important role for the success of researches.

Objective:To establish a method for the determination of rutin in Anoectochili roxburghii. Methods:The detection was carried out by HPLC. A Lanbo-Kromasil C18 column(250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm) was used with methanol-0. 2% phosphoric acid solu-tion (40∶60) as the mobile phase;the detection wavelength was 257nm, the flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1 and the column temperature was 30℃. Results:Rutin showed a good linear relationship within the range of 0. 021-0. 433 μg(r=0. 999 6). The average recovery was 96. 65%(RSD=1. 67%, n=9). Conclusion:The method is simple, rapid, specific and reproducible.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects of platinum alone chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma without operation.Methods Form April 2008 to February 2010,47 initial treatment patients with esophageal carcinoma were treated by platinum alone chemotherapy (cisplatin or nedaplatin 20 mg/m2,one times per weeks) and conventional fractionated radiation therapy (200 cGy per fraction,2 times per day,5 days per week,to a total dose of 6 000-7 000 cGy).Results 1-,2-,3-,4-year overall survival rates were 63.83 ％ (30/47),40.43 ％ (19/47),38.30 ％ (18/47),30.77 ％ (4/13).4-year survival rate of 13 cases with lymph node metastasis was 0,it was lower than that of cases without lymph node metastasis (40 ％,4/10),the difference was statistically significant (x2 =6.295,P =0.012).The 3-year survival rates in cisplatin or nedaplatin combined with radiotherapy group were 31.25 ％ (5/16) and 41.94 ％ (13/31),the difference was not statistically significant (x2 =0.510,P =0.475).Conclusion Low doses of platinum alone chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy for the treatment of esophageal cancer are safe,but long-term efficacy needs to be confirmed in larger clinical trials.

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is a rare subtype of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) with aggressive behaviour and poor prognosis.Due to the rarity of the disease,few prospective controlled randomized clinical trials were conducted,and the standard therapeutic option for AITL has not been established.Although conventional anthracycline-based chemotherapy achieves response rates of up to 50 ％,most of the patients relapse,the median survival time and overall survival rate are unsatisfactory.Recent studies have demonstrated that hematopietic stem cell transplantation and cyclosporine show promising efficacy in the treatment of AITL.This current review mainly focused on the advance of treatment for AITL.