For the nasal anatomic structure and characteristics of endoscopic sinus surgery, nasal packing is the main method for nasal hemostasis.At present, there are two kinds of nasal packing biomaterials:absorbable and non-absorbable materials.Each kind of materials has their own characteristics.Merocel highly expansive sponge is a kind of non-absorbable material.It is made of polymeric material and has a high hydrophilicity.It is expansive uniformly in the nasal cavity, and gives the same pressure to all parts, especially the lacunae.Its texture is flexible, and it has small damage to the nasal mucosa.The texture of calcium alginate dressing is soft, and it has no toxicity.It has little stimulation to the nasal cavity and small damage to the nasal mucosa.It has slight local reaction and no obviously pain response after packing.Its efficacy on hemostasis is good.Gelatin sponge is a kind of absorbable material.It has high efficiency on hemostasis and few side reactions.It has protection and promotion of mucosa healing, as well as anti-inflammation.Besides those mentioned above, there are many other common materials, including vaseline gauze and Rhine haemostatic materials.By understanding the characteristics of the packing materials, we should select the different kinds of materials in accordance with the type of hemorrhage and range of operation.

Cultivation of wild Fritillaria glabra can be easily achieved without extra energy consumption simply by shading the seedbed from light to lower 2.7 to 3℃ C of bed temperature with concomitant increase of relative humidity. By so doing, ciltivation can be carried out on ground 1200m lower sea level than its native habitat. Successfal cultivation of F.glabra in Feng county, Shaxi Province, resulted in excellent thigh yield.

Objective To explore the biological mechanism of the Lingering Toxins Theory in ulcerative colitis (UC) by clinical trials. Methods Forty patients with UC at mild, moderate active stage and at remission stage were enrolled into the experiment. Twenty cases of UC patients at active stage were divided into Chinese medicine intervention group and western medicine treatment group, 10 in each group. Twenty cases of UC patients at remission stage were also evenly divided into Chinese medicine intervention group and western medicine treatment group. All patients were given conventional western medicine treatment, and additionally, Chinese medicine intervention group were given oral use of Chinese medicine decoction, the treatment course covering 8 weeks. Before and after treatment, plasma matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP -1), tissue inhibitor ofmetalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) expression levels were observed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) . Results Plasma MMP-1,TIMP-1, and PGE2 expression levels in UC patients were positively correlated with disease severity (P<0.001) . After treatment, the expression levels of MMP-1, TIMP-1, and PGE2 in active-stage patients of both groups were decreased compared with those before treatment (P<0.001) , but the difference between the two groups was insignificant ( P>0.05) . After treatment, the expression levels of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 in remission-stage patients of Chinese Medicine intervention group were decreased (P<0.001) , and the decrease was superior to that of Western medicine treatment group (P<0.05) . Difference of PGE2 expression level in remission-stage patients of both groups was insignificant ( P>0.05) . Conclusion There is a relation between plasma MMP-1, TIMP-1 expression levels and the “lingering toxins” in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. The biological mechanism of toxins-removing therapy in treating UC may be associated with the decrease of the plasma MMP-1 and TIMP-1 expression levels.

Objective To explore the significance and the ultrastructural changes of platelets in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods Changes of platelets in 20 patients with acute cerebral infarction were observed by transmission electron microscope.Results The ultrastructural changes of platelets within 24 hours after the onset were significant,including more pseudopodium,aggregation and fusion;there were remarkable fewer alpha granules and mitochondria,the remain of mitochondria swelled and more disruption of platelet membrance were found.The degree of platelet changes consisted with the severity and sizes of cerebral infarction.The ultrastructural change of platelets was obviously restored after 2 weeks,but no restoration was found in 3 patients with large area infarction.Conclusion Ultrastructural changes of platelets in acute period of cerebral infarction were remarkable,especially a lack of alpha granules,this might be regarded as an objective index in the judgment of severity and prognosis of cerebral infarction.

AIM: To optimize the spray-drying process of Qingxiang Tablets. METHODS: Excipients were selected in terms of hygroscopicity and yield rate of dried powders with several excipients added;then,the process parameters,such as the relative density of fluid extracts,intake temperature,and the input speed of liquid feedstock were optimized by orthogonal experiment,in which the transfer rate of peoniflorin,a constituent in the formulation,and dried powder yield rate were set up as the evaluation index. RESULTS: The optimal processing conditions were obtained and validated as follows: relative density of liquid feedstock was 1.12 mg/mL(containing 6%?-CD),the input speed was 10 mL/min and intake temperature was at 190 ?C. CONCLUSION: The optimal process is stable and the experimental results provide the basis of industrial production.

Objective:To investigate the expression of apoptosis-associated genes bcl-2, bax, fas and fasL in salivary tissue with Sjgrens syndrom(SS). Methods:Bcl-2, Bax, Fas and FasL in salivary tissue from 16 patients with SS and 10 normal controls were detected by SP immunohistochemical staining.Results:Expression of Bcl-2 was significantly decreased(P

Effects of total saponins from Prunella vulgaris (PVS)on acute myocardial infarction and hypertension of anesthetized rats were assessed. Pretreatment with PVS at a dose of 40mg/kg ip lowered Lg PVC, Lg (VT+VF) and ischemic arrhythmic scores; at a dose of 20mg/kg ip,resulted in a significant reduction of infarct size as compared with the controls; 2. 5mg/kg iv showed an hypotensive action to both systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

[Abstract ] Objective To understand the infection status of hepatitis B among population of health examination in Chongqing ,and to analyze the modes of hepatitis B outcomes .Methods The 30170 cases of serological results of hepatitis B (HB‐sAg① ,HBsAb② ,HBeAg③ ,HBeAb④ and HBcAb⑤ ) among the individuals of health examination in our hospital from June to December 2013 were performed the retrospective analysis .Results The positive rate of HBsAg among the population of health ex‐amination aged 0-96 years old in Chongqing was 8 .02% (2 419/30 170) ,and the differences in the positive rates among different age groups and between different genders had statistical significance (χ2 =188 .045 ,67 .813 ,P<0 .01) .The infection rate of HBV was 28 .64% (8 641/30 170) ,and the difference in the infection rates among different age groups and between different genders also had statistical significance(χ2 =202 .347 ,36 .171 ,P<0 .01) .30 170 cases of hepatitis B detection results of 5 indexes were conclu‐ded into 14 kinds of modes .As the two common modes of healthy population ,all negative and single HBsAb positive ,their percenta‐ges were 25 .76% (7 772/30 170)and 45 .60% (13 757/30 170)respectively .As the common modes of HBV infection ,“① ④ ⑤”posi‐tive ,“① ③ ⑤” positive and“① ⑤” positive ,their percentages were 6 .18% (1 863/30 170) ,0 .59% (177/30 170) and 1 .21% (366/30 170) respectively .Conclusion The positive rate of HBsAg and the infection rate of HBV among population of health examina‐tion in Chongqing are close to or lower than the national average levels .Analyzing the different combination modes can reflect the different situation of HBV infection and has the guidance significance for the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease .

BACKGROUND:Implant related problems such as loosening,dislocation and infection often come along with joint replacement.Nanotechnology provides a new insight into the preparation of joint replacement implants.OBJECTIVE:To elaborate the research progress of nanotechnology in improving joint replacement implants.METHODS:The first author used the computer to retrieve PubMed databases using the key words of joint replacement,artificial implant,nanotechnology,nano-materials,nanoscales,biocompatibility in English,to find relevant literature on nanotechnology and joint replacement implants.All data were primarily screened to exclude repeated and irrelevant articles,and finally 51 articles related to the study were retained.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Through reviewing these 51 articles,we make a detailed introduction about some of the biological responses that occur with nano-materials,and some of the biocompatibility problems that have been raised in relation to materials,as well as the ways that have been employed to improve biocompatibility of nano structured materials.But the long-term effect of nanotechnology on the human body is still worthy of further research in medicine or related fields.

To study the in situ intestinal absorption kinetics and compatibility influence of peimine and peiminine in rats, the absorption of peimine and peiminine in small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) and colon of rats was investigated using in situ single-pass perfusion method and the drug content was measured by HPLC-ELSD. Perfusion rate, pH, concentration of drug, gender and bile duct ligation can significantly affect the absorption of peimine and peiminine, the Ka, and Papp values in the condition of pH 6.8 and pH 7.4 had significant difference (P<0.01), as drug concentration irlcreased, the absorption parameters of peimine and peiminine decreased, Ka and Papp between low concentrations and middle concentrations was significant difference (P<0.01). Verapamil can not affect Ka and Papp of peimine and peiminine which are in the extract (P> 0.05). Bitter almonds and licorice can significantly reduce the absorption of peimine and peiminine with the usual dose (P<0.01), extracted separately and together had no significant difference on Ka and Papp (P> 0.05). Experimental results show that the absorption features of peimine and peiminine are basically the same, both of them could be absorbed at all segments of the intestine in rats and had no special absorption window, and with significant differences between male and female individuals. The absorption of peimine and peiminine complies with the active transport and facilitated diffusion in the general intestinal segments. Bitter almond and licorice can reduce the intestinal absorption rate ofpeimine and peiminine.