Objective To observe and measure the morphology of diaphragm sella under MR imaging and its parameters in patients with pituitary adenoma,and to explore its clinical significance.Methods Forty-seven patients with pituitary adenoma,admitted to our hospital from March 2012 to April 2013,were collected in our study; the traditional MR imaging of all patients were obtained preoperatively and postoperatively,and 3D-GE sequence scanning was added preoperatively.The parameters of diaphragm sella were measured and compared between patients existed invasion and without invasion,and between patients enjoyed total resection and non-total resection; and the correlation between each two parameters were analyzed.Results Concave,horizontal and convex diaphragm sellae (n=3,10 and 34,respectively) were observed; tumor height of the patients whose diaphragm sella was convex was significantly higher than that of the concave cases ([28.82±11.29] mm vs.[13.57±4.42]mm,P＜0.05).The size and elevation angle of the diaphragmal opening were positively correlated with tumor height (r=0.224,P=0.003; r=0.586,P=0.000).The size ofdiaphragmal opening in the invasive group was significantly larger than that in non-invasive group ([10.30±5.79] mm vs.[5.55 ±3.29] mm,P=0.002).The size of diaphragmal opening in non-total resection group was significantly greater than that in the total resection group ([5.58±4.14] mmvs.[11.04±4.80] mm,P=0.000),and the width of diaphragrnal opening was negatively correlated with tumor resection ratio (r=-0.576,P=0.020).Conclusions Diaphragrna sellae could be displayed satisfactorily in contrast-enhanced 3D-GE MRI.The size of the diaphragmal opening and the elevated angle of drua besides diaphragrnal opening are positively correlated with tumor height.The size of diaphragmal opening of the invasive pituitary adenoma patients is larger than that ofnon-invasive ones.The larger the diaphragrnal opening size,the more difficult the tumor being totally resected by transsphenoidal approach.

The function and related diseases of pituitary in children are very different from those in adults.In the past,understanding of the normal physiology of children's pituitary was neglected.The diagnoses and treatments of these diseases were mostly based on experience from adults,lacking awareness of their specialties.This review focuses on the current research on children's normal pituitary and related diseases from an imaging perspective and explains their differences with adults.

Objective    To explore the short-term efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab combined with chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Methods    The clinical data of 11 male patients with non-small cell lung cancer who underwent pembrolizumab combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from December 2019 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The average age of the patients was 52.0-79.0 (62.0±6.9) years. The imaging data and pathological changes before and after neoadjuvant treatment were compared, and adverse reactions during neoadjuvant treatment were recorded. Objective remission rate (ORR) and main pathological remission rate (MPR) and pathological complete remission rate (pCR) were the main observation endpoints. Results    After preoperative neoadjuvant therapy with pembrolizumab combined with platinum or paclitaxel, all patients successfully underwent thoracoscopic radical resection of lung cancer. The ORR was 72.7%, and the MPR was 81.8%. Among them, 45.5% of patients achieved pCR. The main adverse reactions were hypoalbuminemia, decreased appetite and nausea. The mortality rate within 30 days after surgery was 0, and no tumor metastasis was observed. Conclusion    Pembrolizumab combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy is safe and feasible to treat non-small cell lung cancer, and the short-term efficacy is beneficial.

Surgery is a classic traditional method for the treatment of early-stage esophageal cancer, and it is also recognized as an effective first-choice method in the medical community. With the development of endoscopic technology, esophagus-preserving comprehensive treatment of esophageal cancer has almost the same or even better effects in some aspects in the treatment of early esophageal cancer than surgery. Many clinical guidelines have also recommended it as the first-choice treatment for early esophageal cancer. The room for surgical treatment of esophageal cancer has been further compressed. This article discusses the comprehensive treatment model of esophageal cancer from the perspective of thoracic surgery, aiming to find a new position of thoracic surgery in the treatment of esophageal cancer.

EIDD-2801 is an orally bioavailable prodrug, which will be applied for emergency use authorization from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of COVID-19. To investigate the optimal parameters, EIDD-2801 was optimized

Recent progress in targeted metabolic therapy of cancer has been limited by the considerable toxicity associated with such drugs. To address this challenge, we developed a smart theranostic prodrug system that combines a fluorophore and an anticancer drug, specifically 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON), using a thioketal linkage (TK). This system enables imaging, chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and on-demand drug release upon radiation exposure. The optimized prodrug, DON-TK-BM3, incorporating cyanine dyes as the fluorophore, displayed potent reactive oxygen species release and efficient tumor cell killing. Unlike the parent drug DON, DON-TK-BM3 exhibited no toxicity toward normal cells. Moreover, DON-TK-BM3 demonstrated high tumor accumulation and reduced side effects, including gastrointestinal toxicity, in mice. This study provides a practical strategy for designing prodrugs of metabolic inhibitors with significant toxicity stemming from their lack of tissue selectivity.

Enzalutamide (ENZ) is a second-generation androgen receptor (AR) antagonist used for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and reportedly prolongs survival time within a year of starting therapy. However, CRPC patients can develop ENZ resistance (ENZR), mainly driven by abnormal reactivation of AR signaling, involving increased expression of the full-length AR (ARfl) or dominantly active androgen receptor splice variant 7 (ARv7) and ARfl/ARv7 heterodimers. There is currently no efficient treatment for ENZR in CRPC. Herein, a small molecule LLU-206 was rationally designed based on the ENZ structure and exhibited potent inhibition of both ARfl and constitutively active ARv7 to inhibit PCa proliferation and suppress ENZR in CRPC. Mechanically, LLU-206 promoted ARfl/ARv7 protein degradation and decreased ARfl/ARv7 heterodimers through mouse double minute 2-mediated ubiquitination. Finally, LLU-206 exhibited favorable pharmacokinetic properties with poor permeability across the blood-brain barrier, leading to a lower prevalence of adverse effects, including seizure and neurotoxicity, than ENZ-based therapies. In a nutshell, our findings demonstrated that LLU-206 could effectively inhibit ARfl/ARv7-driven CRPC by dual-targeting of ARfl/ARv7 heterodimers and protein degradation, providing new insights for the design of new-generation AR inhibitors to overcome ARfl/ARv7-driven CRPC.