In recent years, lower and lower class attendance has plagued the quality of uni-versity teaching. To solve this problem, this study conducted a questionnaire survey in accordance with the concepts of the Education Reform microscopic systems engineering and the method of SIMPP. The results showed that factors affecting student classroom attendance included two aspects: the sub-jective and objective factors. Indicators related to the subjective factors were: the personal attitude when faced with failure exams, the personal learning interest and personal grasp of the main source of knowledge. Indicators related to the objective factors were: school and teachers. Also, this study gave some suggestions on how to improve students' classroom attendance to provide data basis and refer-ence for further study on class attendance.

College students' self cognition of the learning effectiveness influences their learning behavior greatly. Focusing on college students' self cognition of their learning effectiveness, and then standardizing their learning behavior is one of the important work of educators in colleges. Therefore this paper has designed the questionnaire of the influencing factors of learning effectiveness self cog-nition, used SIMPP analysis method to analyze it, and set up the relation model. The analysis shows that college students' self cognition of learning effectiveness is influenced not only by students' dili-gence level and the recognition degree of specialized subject, but also by the factors such as the attitude when you get the bad results. The result provides data basis and scientific basis for future practice and relevant research for educators in colleges.

Early detection of renal allograft dysfunction plays a critical role in the management of immunosuppression and the survival of renal allograft. However, early detection of renal allograft dysfunction still has certain challenges because no significant changes could be observed in clinical manifestations and biochemical parameters during the early stage. As a novel ultrasound examination tool in recent years, shear wave elastography has been successfully applied in the detection of thyroid, breast, liver and alternative organs. In addition, it also has promising application prospect in the examination of renal allograft due to multiple advantages of real-time, dynamic, accuracy and repeatability. In this article, the classification, principle, advantages, influencing factors of shear wave elastography and its application in the field of kidney transplantation were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for clinicians to make accurate decisions in the prevention and monitoring of renal allograft diseases.

Mitochondria is one of the important organelles, which is composed of outer mitochondrial membrane and inner mitochondrial membrane. Mitochondrial structure and function are regulated by mitochondrial dynamics. Mitochondrial fusion- and fission-related proteins may participate in the process of mitochondrial fusion and fission, mediate mitochondrial dynamics, thereby regulating cell structure, function and energy metabolism. Mitofusin (MFN) 2, a protein located on the outer mitochondrial membrane of mammalian, has guanosine triphosphatase activity, which may mediate mitochondrial fusion, participate in mitophagy, formation of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane and apoptosis, and significantly affect the incidence and development of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). In this article, the structure, regulation, function of MFN2 and its role in IRI were reviewed, and the relationship between MFN2 and IRI and underlying mechanism were investigated, aiming to provide novel targets and ideas for the prevention and treatment of IRI.

Objective Fructus Amomi(Sharen) is derived from the dry ripe fruit of Amomum villosum Lour., A.villosum Lour. var. xanthioides T.L. Wu et Senjen and A.longiligulate T.L.Wu, which is widely utilized for its clinic effects on digestive system. However, Fructus Amomi from different species and habitats, possessing different quality, is difficult to identify. In this study, we aim to develop a simple, rapid and reliable method for authentication of Fructus Amomi. Methods Twenty-five batches of samples of Fructus Amomi were collected and electronic nose was introduced into analyzing their odor with multiple mathematical statistics methods. Na?ve bayes network (NBN), radical basis function (RBF) and random forest (RF) were applied to establish different classifiers while BestFirst+CfsSubsetEval (BC) was used to screen the attributes for searching sensor array with higher contributions. Results Firstly, after attribute-screening via BC, the established discriminative models via NBN, RBF and RF could successfully identify genuine and non-genuine samples, presenting correct judging ratios of 78% and 84% through ten-fold cross validation and external test set validation, respectively. Besides, quantity predictive models were constructed as well. In case of content of bornyl acetate, one of the effective components in Fructus Amomi, values were higher than 3.5 mg/g and lower than 1.8 mg/g with sensor response of 0.04 and 0.03, respectively. Conclusion In this paper, quality discriminative model and quantity predictive model of Fructus Amomi were established via electronic nose and multiple mathematical statistics methods. It indicates that electronic nose could be a promising method for quality evaluation of Chinese material medica.

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is an immunoglobulin (Ig) isolated from the plasma of healthy human, and its main component is IgG. The mechanism of IVIG is complex, which may play a role via multiple pathways. For example, the combination of Fc fragment of IgG with various Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) regulates inflammatory response and autoantibody metabolism, and Fab fragment of IgG neutralizes multiple antigens and other molecules. IVIG may also inhibit complement activation and affect the balance of anti-inflammation and proinflammation among immune cells. In the treatment of diseases, IVIG constantly plays a role through multiple mechanisms simultaneously, primarily via one certain mechanism in different diseases. IVIG is commonly applied in the desensitization treatment of sensitized patients, ABO incompatible renal transplantation, antibody-mediated rejection and several infectious diseases. In this article, the mechanism of IVIG and its application in renal transplantation were reviewed.

Objective To compare the effect of pericardial devascularization with that of the modified Sugiura procedure in management of portal hypertension. Methods From 1990 to 2008, 236patients with portal hypertension underwent operations including pericardial devascularization in 147and modified Sugiura in 89 in our hospital. Results There were 12 perioperative deaths (8.2 % ), and 2 rebleedings (2 % ) in the pericardial devascularization group, and 7 perioperative deaths (7.9 % ) and 2 rebleedings(3.4 % ) in the modified Sugiura group. The follow-up rate was 91.9 % in the pericardial devascularization group and 87.8% in the modified Sugiura group respectively, in a period from 6 months to 19 years. The 1-, 3-and 5-year rebleeding rates were 5.7%,15.2% and 25.5% in the pericardial devascularization group and 6.9%, 16.3%, 29.5 % in the modified Sugiura group, respectively. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 87.8% ,79.1% and 69.7% in the pericardial devascularization group and 95.8 %,85.0%, 76.9 % in the modified Sugiura group, respectively. Conclusion Modified Sugiura procedure and pericardial devascularization have differences in perioperative mortality as well as rebleeding and survival rates.

JC virus (JCV) is a member of polyomaviridae family that infects approximately 70% of the population worldwide. JCV constantly stays in a latent state after the primary infection. In immunosuppressed individuals, especially under the circumstances of low cellular immune function, JCV may be reactivated and lead to severe clinical manifestations. In recent years, the correlation between JCV and complications after renal transplantation has captivated widespread attention. JCV-associated nephropathy (JCVAN) has been reported. Here, latest research progresses on the epidemiology, molecular biology, in vivo infection process, JCV and complications after renal transplantation, and the relationship between JCV and BKV were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for the adjustment of immunosuppressive regimen following renal transplantation.

In order to provide inspirations and suggestions for the development of medical examination methods in the future, this essay applies SWOT analysis to probe into the strengths (S), weaknesses (W), opportunities (O) and threats (T) of current online assessment method, matches any two of them for analysis, and therefore puts forward four strategies accordingly from the perspective of SO, WO, ST and WT.

Delirium after solid organ transplantation is an important factor affecting the prognosis of organ transplant recipients, but it lacks sufficient clinical attention at present. The pathophysiological mechanisms are not yet clear, which are closely related to the type of transplant organ, recipient's age, blood glucose variability, high-dose glucocorticoid therapy, and other factors. It is crucial to identify and early intervene the risk factors for delirium after solid organ transplantation for improving patients’ prognosis. This article reviewed the literature on delirium after solid organ transplantation in recent years at home and abroad, clarified the definition, classification, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic criteria of postoperative delirium, summarized the risk factors for delirium after solid organ transplantation, highlighted the characteristics of transplant recipients that are different from other patients, and summarized their prognosis and prevention and treatment methods. The aim is to enhance clinical attention to delirium after solid organ transplantation and improve the prognosis of recipients.