OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of electrolytes on the stability of the total parenteral nutrient(TPN) solutions.METHODS:The pH values and number changes of solution microparticles of 4 groups of TPN sample solutions that of different electrolytes were determined at 0h after preparation and 4 hours,8hours,12hours,16hours and 24hours,respectively after storage under room temperature(20℃～22℃). And the appearances of which were observed under naked eyes. RESUL_ TS:No changes were noted as for the pH of 4 groups of solutions within 24h.For the numbers of microparticles(≥5?m),those in Group 4(to which group valence 1 and valence 2 electrolytes were added) showed a rapid increase to peak value from the very start;while those of the other groups increased with the extension of storage time.Stratification appeared in Group 3(to which group,valence 2 electrolytes had been added) and Group 4(to which group,valence 1 and valence 2 electrolytes were added) 6 hours after preparation.Curdling reaction was noted in Group 2(to which group,valence 1 electrolytes had been added) at 12th hour.Neither sediments nor stratification appeared in Group 1(no electrolytes were added to which group).CONCLUSION:El_ectrolytes have certain influences on the stability of the TPN solutions.Care should be taken to the dosage of which at preparation.Furthermore,once prepared,the solution should be infused as soon as possible and the storage of which should not beyond 24h.

Calpains are the family of Ca2+-activated cysteine pro-teases. Although calpains are considered to be cytoplasmic en-zymes, recent research has demonstrated that μ-calpain, m-cal-pain, calpain 10 and their endogenous inhibitor calpastatin are present in the mitochondria and play important roles both in caspase -dependent and-independent pathways in cell death phe-nomena. Calpains exert direct and indirect effects on the caspases
and regulators of apoptosis pathway such as Bcl-2, Bax, Bid, promoting the release of Cyt-C, AIF, then result in cellular ap-optosis. To allow pharmacological targeting of these enzymes, thorough knowledge of their patterns of activation and further in-teractions with already known apoptotic pathways is necessary.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and complication rate by open or retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for renal tumor with stages T1N0M0 or T2N0M0.Methods Between October 2003 and October 2006,90 patients with renal cell carcinoma,which were clinically localized stages T1N0M0 or T2NOM0 Based on the patients' options to undergo retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (group A,49 patients)and open radical nephrectomy(group B,41 patients).The clinical efficacy were compared between group A and group B,retrospectively.Results In group A,the operations of 46 patients were successful,4 cases occurred major complications(8.7%)during the follow-up visit which lasted for (21.9±6.1)months.The operations in group B were all successful.9 cases occurred major complications (22.5%)during the follow-up visit which lasted for(24.9±7.8)months.All cases were renal malignant tumors with pathologically confirmed stages T1N0M0 or T2N0M0 and there were no renal pedical lymph node metastasis.The age,weight,body mass index(BMI),tumor size,operating time and the time of follow-up were no statistically significant differences between the two groups(P＞0.05),while the blood loss,amount of postoperative drainage,time to ambulation,recovery of intestinal function after operation,hospital stay,use of analgesic and transfusion blood or plasma in group A were significantly reduced than those in group B(P＜0.01). Conclusions As compared with open radical nephrectomy,retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy afords patients with renal cell carcinoma an impreved postoperative course with minimal invasion,less pain,quicker recovery and less complications,while providing equally effective cancer control for patients with T1N0M0 or T2N0M0 tumor.

Objective: To investigate the effect of Shexiangbaoxin Pills on morphosis and function of left ventricle after myocardial infarction in rat. Methods: The rat myocardial infarction models induced by ligaturing coronary artery were randomly divided into the myocardial infarction control group, Shexiangbaoxin Pill group and captopril group. The hemodynamic parameters and cardiac functions in 2 or 6 weeks after treatment were determined. Meantime, the morphological parameters of left ventrile (left cardiac chamber size, attenuation proportion of ventricular wall of infarction area, and expansion index of left ventrile), were studied. Results: Shexiangbaoxin Pills could reduce the distention of left ventrile and expansion of infarction area of rat in 6 weeks after infarction. It could obviously improve the contraction function of left ventrile after myocardial infarction. Conclusion: Shexiangbaoxin Pills can improve left ventricular reconstitution after myocardial infarction.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of solifenacin with or without tamsulosin in patients with overactive bladder (OAB).Methods Fifty-three patients with OAB were randomly divided into two groups (group A 27 patients, group B 26 patients).The patients received either solifenacin 5 mg/day in group A or combined with Tamsulosin 0.2 mg/day in group B for two weeks.During the treatent period all the patients recorded voiding and adverse events in a diary.The symptoms of urgency, frequency, incontinence were evaluated by OABSS scores at the begining and end of the therapy period.The results of the efficacy and safety were analyzed by using SPSS 13.0.Results The OABSS scores at the begining and end for the two groups were significantly different ( P ＜ 0.01 ).In both groups the efficacy was obvious.The OABSS scores at the end of the therapy between group A and B were significantly different (P ＜0.05 ).The efficacy of group B was better than that of group A.Conclusion The efficacy of solifenacin combined with tamsulosin was better than solifenacin alone in OAB.

The nasal deformity secondary to cleft lip of 1 0 patients was repaired with lateral segment of partial costal cartilage harvested by a self-made special knife.6 to 30-month follow-up showed that nasal alar morphology of all patients was improved.No any complications happened at donor site.

BACKGROUND:Three-dimensional finite element has been widely used in the oral cavity field, but little is reported on the three-dimensional finite element reconstruction of the mandibular body using titanium plate. OBJECTIVE:To study the biomechanical characteristics of reconstructing the mandibular body using titanium plate. METHODS:We established a three-dimensional finite element model of mandibular body defect undergoing reconstruction using bicortical titanium screws and titanium plate. Under the simulated normal occlusion state, a 200 N vertical load was added to the central fossa of the occlusal surface of the right mandible first molar. Then, stress distribution and maximum displacement of the mandible, titanium screw, and titanium plate were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Under the simulated normal occlusion state, mandible stress was concentrated in the mandibular body and mandibular branch, especial y in the anterior and posterior edges of the mandibular branch and the lower edge of the mandible. The stress in the posterior edge of the mandible was lower than that in the anterior edge of the mandible, and moreover, the contact site between the titanium plate and the mandible also presented a concentration of stress. The maximum stress of the bicortical titanium screws appeared near the screw cap, and the stress was also concentrated at the contact site between the titanium screw and the titanium plate. The maximum stress of the titanium screw at the ascending branch of the mandible was higher than that of the titanium screw at the anterior end of the defect. For the titanium plate, the stress was mainly concentrated at the fixed site of the titanium screws;the peak stress of the anterior and posterior edges of the titanium plate was found at the contact site between the anterior end of mandibular defect and the titanium stress as wel as between the ascending branch of the mandible and the titanium screw. After mandibular body reconstruction using the titanium plate, a displacement was likely to occur at the contact site between the anterior end of mandibular defect and the titanium plate. In conclusion, these findings indicate that mandibular body reconstruction using bicortical titanium screws and titanium plate is relatively stable, but the titanium plate fixed at the anterior part of the mandibular angle is prone to breakage.

Recently, the immune checkpoint inhibitors which targetprogrammed death-1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) have made a breakthrough in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Researches on immune check-point inhibitors have been rapidly implemented in various types of lung cancer, such as small cell lung cancer and locally ad-vanced non-small cell lung cancer. hTese inhibitors have been applied in combination with other treatment strategies, including chemotherapy, targeting therapy and radiotherapy. However, there are still many problems to be solved, such as searching for ideal biomarkers, exploring different combination treatment models, and identifying the potential mechanisms of primary or secondary drug resistance. Along with these problems to be successfully solved, the immune checkpoint inhibitors will have broader applications in lung cancer therapy.

Primary hepatic cancer is one of the major problems that need to be solved urgently in the field of public health, seriously endangering the life and health of Chinese people. Its treatment mode is multidisciplinary participation and synergy of multiple therapeutic methods. Even though there are many common clinical treatments for liver cancer in China, its therapeutic outcome is still unsatisfactory. yttrium-90 has been applied for more than 20 years, and a large amount of foreign clinical data have been accumulated. Combining the latest literature and clinical practice, the authors describe the clinical application and research progress of yttrium-90 micro-sphere selective internal radiation therapy in primary liver cancer.

Objective:To investigate the spatial distribution pattern of local tumor progression (LTP) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ≤5 cm after microwave ablation.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 169 HCCs with matched MRI before and after ablation from December 2009 to December 2019. A tumor MRI was reconstructed using three-dimensional visualization technology. LTP was classified as contact or non-contact, early or late stage, according to whether LTP was in contact with the edge of the ablation zone and the occurrence time (24 months). The tumor-surrounded area was divided into eight quadrants by using the eight-quadrant map method. An analysis was conducted on the spatial correlation between the quadrant where the ablative margin (AM) safety boundary was located and the quadrant where different types of LTP occurred. The t-test, or rank-sum test, was used for the measurement data. 2-test for count data was used to compare the difference between the two groups.Results:The AM quadrant had a distribution of 54.4% LTP, 64.2% early LTP stage, and 69.1% contact LTP, suggesting this quadrant was much more concentrated than the other quadrants ( P ?