The 2b protein encoded by Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV)plays an important pathogenicity role in many solanaceous hosts,but mechanism of inducing disease is still unknown.In order to investigate virulence of the 2b protein on Nicotiana glutinosa plants,in terms of chloroplast structure and photosynthesis,a mutant Fny-CMV?2bpro,which cannot express the 2b protein,was achieved by introducing mutant sites in the 2b gene of Fny-CMV.N.glutinosa seedlings were inoculated with wild-type Fny-CMV and the mutant Fny-CMV?2bpro,and were analyzed for symptom expression,chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate,and ultra-structural alteration of chloroplast.Up to 30 days post inoculation,wild-type Fny-CMV caused symptoms of severe mosaic,leaf deformation,and stunting,reduced photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content,and altered the ultra-structure and morphological characters of the chloroplasts.However,host seedlings inoculated with the mutant Fny-CMV?2bpro expressed only slight mosaic symptom.Their photosynthetic rates and chlorophyll contents were not significantly different from those of the mock-inoculated plants,and the ultra-structure and morphological characters of their chloroplasts appeared to be normal.The observed low photosynthetic rates and chlorophyll contents were related to the breakage of the chloroplast morphology and ultra-structure.Results of Northern blotting showed that the virulence of 2b protein was associated with high accumulation level of CMV progeny RNAs in systemic leaves.Non-expression of the 2b protein reduced the accumulation levels of its genomic RNAs 1 and 2.The level of subgenomic RNA4,encoding CP protein,was found to be significantly decreased.

AIM:To determine the effect of rhBMP2 on the migration of human breast cancer cells MCF-7. METHODS:MCF-7 was induced by rhBMP2 (30 ?g/L) for 24 h. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to observe the changes in cell morphology. Cell migration and invasion abilities were assayed by scratch healing and transwell experiments. RESULTS:The formation of lamellipodia and cell polarity together with increased cell length were observed in the cells treated with rhBMP2,whereas lamellipodia of cells in control group were not obvious and the majority of cells tended to be rounder with shorter cell diameter. Compared to control group,scratch healing and transwell experiments showed that the migration and invasion capacity of rhBMP2-induced MCF-7 cells was markedly enhanced. CONCLUSION:rhBMP2 induces human breast cancer cell MCF-7 to present the phenotype of migration and enhances the invasion capacity.

Full length cDNAs of Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV)CB7 strain,causing necrosis on Nicotiana glutinosa,were obtained by RT-PCR,using viral genomic RNAs as templates.cDNAs of CMV-CB7 genomic RNAs were cloned and sequenced and results indicated that RNA1,2 and 3 was 3 356 nt,3 045 nt and 2 218 nt,respectively(accordingly Accession Number EF216866,DQ785470 and EF216867).Infectious RNA transcripts from cDNA clones of CMV-CB7 were inoculated onto N.glutinosa and the seedlings of host plants displayed necrosis symptom,whist that of CMV-Fny induced typical mosaic symptoms.Through pseudorecombination between CMV-CB7 and CMV-Fny genomic RNAs,the genetic determinant of necrosis phenotype was mapped to RNA2.Chimeric infectious clones consisting of partial sequences of RNA2 derived from CMV-CB7 and CMV-Fny,respectively,were obtained by Overlapping PCR.Pathogenic analysis with those chimeric RNA2 revealed that 2b gene or 3' UTR of CMV-CB7 RNA2 was responsible for the necrotic pathotype.Northern blotting analysis reflected that both necrotic and non-necrotic viruses accumulated to similar levels of genomic RNAs in host plants.Therefore,necrotic phenotype induced on N.glutinosa was not related to the level of accumulation of CMV genomic RNAs.

Anopheles minimus was once a main malaria vector in Hainan Island and had been e-liminated basically through the campaign of indoor residual spraying launched in 1959. It again became an incriminated vector of some focal malaria outbreaks in recent years. The present study was conducted in a selected county-Danxian and a typical hilly area-Feibar in the west part of Danxian county in 1989-1990.An. minimus was found in 50% and 62. 5 % of the surveyed sites at mountainous and hilly area of Danxian county,but not found in coastal region. An. minimus was found in all 18 sites surveyed in Feibar district constituting 52% of anopheline composition. Man-biting rate made by human-baited collection was 3. 2 before midniaght and 38. 2 when collected through whole night in some sites. However, the behaviour characteristics of An. minimus has changed. It has become exophilic,exophagic, and has an equal preference for man and cattle. The vectorial capacity of An. minimus estimated by quantitative data was in accord with malaria infection rate in Feibar district ,and the malaria infection rate among the inhabitants in three types of residential quarter with different socioeconomic conditions. Malaria infection rates of residential quarter of land-reclamation outcomers, villagers and state farm residents were 10%,2. 9% and 0. 5% respectively during 40 days from July to August,1990.Owing to the fact that An. minimus has become a secondary vector only next to An. dirus, with a wide range of distribution and a considerable different characteristics in behaviour compared to that before spraying campaign , it is suggested that a malaria control programme must be seriously planned to adjust the new problem of malaria epidemiology in Hainan Province.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of repairing postoperative nasal skin cancer defect with subcutaneous pedicle flap based on partition and blood supply.Methods:From March 2018 to September 2020, 39 patients with skin cancer (basal cell carcinoma, Bowen′s disease, squamous cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma in situ) were repaired with kites subcutaneous pedicle flap after extensive resection.Results:Thirty-nine patients were treated with parafasal kite flaps, including 44 cases. The donor sites of the flap were nasal tip in 4 cases, bilateral alar in 7 cases, bilateral nasolabial sulcus in 19 cases, bilateral parasinal in 12 cases and interglabellar in 2 cases. There were no serious complications such as necrosis, hematoma or infection. During the follow-up period of 6 to 24 months, 2 patients complained of occasional tingling in the surgical area, 1 complained of occasional pruritus, and 1 patient had local recurrence of squamous cell carcinoma and underwent surgery again. The scar was evaluated 6 months after surgery, and the scores of Vancouver scar scale and visual analogue scale were 2.42±1.04 and 7.83±1.21, respectively. The skin color of the operation area was similar to that of the surrounding skin without obvious local strain deformation.Conclusions:The subcutaneous pedicle flap designed by considering the nasal division and blood supply has a high survival rate, fewer complications and small local appearance deformation, which is worthy of popularization and application.

Objective To investigate the short-term clinical effect of CT guided 125Ⅰ radioactive particle therapy in superficial malignant tumor. Methods The clinic data of 28 patients with metastatic superficial malignant tumor in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively.All patients were treated with CT guided 125Ⅰ radioactive particle therapy.The short-term effects,1 year survival rate and 1 year progression free survival rate of the patients were compared.Results Objective remission rate(ORR)and disease control rate(DCR)after 6 months were 92.86% and 100.00%.1 year overall survival and 1 year progression free survival were 96.43%(27/28)and 82.14%(23/28), respectively.The median overall survival and median progression free survival were 26.978 months (95%CI:22.558-31.399)and 16.932 months (95 % CI:14 .471-19.393).There were 27 cases of 0-Ⅱ degree adverse reactions,1 case of grade Ⅲ adverse reactions and no grade Ⅳ adverse reactions.No signs of 125Ⅰ radioactive particle translocation,vascular embolism and vascular rupture were found. Conclusion 125Ⅰ radioactive particle treatment of superficial malignant tumor has a definite short-term curative effect,with overall survival and progression free survival longer and higher safety,which can be considered in clinical application.

Poststroke recrudescence (PSR) is a reappear phenomenon in the neurological symptoms of chronic stroke in the setting of toxic metabolic factors. Infection, hyponatremia, and use of benzodiazepine are important precipitants. In this paper, the risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment methods of PSR are reviewed to enhance the understanding of the disease among clinicians.

Objective:To investigate the effect of Spautin-1 (an inhibitor of autophagy) on improving anxiety-like behaviors and its mechanism in mice after traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods:Thirty-six C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into sham-operated group, TBI group, and TBI+Spautin-1 group ( n=12); TBI models in the latter two groups were established by modified Feeney free fall epidural impingement method. Mice in TBI+Spautin-1 group were administered with Spautin-1 (2 μL, 10 mmol/L) into the lateral ventricle 10 min after modeling, but mice in the other two groups were only injected with same volume of solvent. Neuropathy Symptom Score (NSS) was used to evaluate the functions of motor, sensory and reflexes of mice on 1 st, 7 th and 14 th d of modeling. On 15 th and 16 th d of modeling, open field test and elevated plus maze test were used to evaluate the anxiety-like behaviors in mice. The number of Nissl bodies in the amygdala of mice was calculated by Nissl staining 16 d after modeling. The numbers of neuron specific nucleoprotein (NeuN) positive cells, interleukin (IL)-18 and IL-1β positive astrocytes in the amygdala were detected by immunofluorescent staining. Western blotting was used to detect the autophagy-and pyrotopic-associated protein expressions in the amygdala region of mice. Results:(1) As compared with the sham-operated group, the TBI group and TBI+Spautin-1 group had significantly increased NSS scores on 1 st and 7 th d of modeling ( P<0.05). (2) Open field test showed that as compared with the sham-operated group, the TBI group and TBI+Spautin-1 group had significantly smaller number of crossing grids, significantly decreased percentage of time spending in the central zone ([central area residence time/total time] × 100%), significantly decreased percentage of frequencies entering into opening arm (OE) (OE/[OE+frequencies of entering closing arm]×100%) and opening arm time (OT) percentage (OT/[OT+time of closing arm]×100%); as compared with the TBI group, TBI+Spautin-1 group had significantly larger number of crossing grids, and significantly increased time percentage spending in the central zone, OE percentage, and OT percentage ( P<0.05). (3) As compared with sham-operated group, the TBI group and TBI+Spautin-1 group had significantly smaller numbers of Nissl bodies and NeuN positive cells in the amygdala of mice ( P<0.05); as compared with TBI group, TBI+Spautin-1 group had significantly larger numbers of Nissl bodies and NeuN positive cells in the amygdala of mice ( P<0.05). (4) As compared with the sham-operated group, the TBI group and TBI+Spautin-1 group had significantly increased percentages of IL-1β and IL-18 positive astrocytes in amygdala of mice ( P<0.05); as compared with the TBI group, the TBI+Spautin-1 group had significantly decreased percentages of IL-1β and IL-18 positive astrocytes in amygdala of mice ( P<0.05). (5) As compared with sham-operated group, the TBI group and TBI+Spautin-1 group had significantly higher protein expressions of NOD-like receptor family protein 3 (NLRP3), activated cysteine aspartate protease-1 (Caspase-1), pore-forming protein D-N terminal fragment (GSDMD-N), ubiquitin specific peptidase (USP) 13 and B-lymphocytoma-2 interacting protein (Beclin1), and statistically higher ratio of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain (LC)3 II/LC3 I ( P<0.05); as compared with TBI group, the TBI+Spautin-1 group had significantly decreased protein expressions of NLRP3, activated Caspase-1, GSDMD-N, USP13 and Beclin1 in the amygdala, and statistically lower ratio of LC3 II/LC3 I ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Spautin-1 improves the anxiety-like behaviors in mice after TBI, whose mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of astrocytic pyroptosis in the amygdala.