Prescription optimization is a crucial aspect in the study of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） compounds. In recent years， the introduction of mathematical methods， data mining techniques， and artificial neural networks has provided new tools for elucidating the compatibility rules of TCM compounds. The study of TCM compounds involves numerous variables， including the proportions of different herbs， the specific extraction parts of each ingredient， and the interactions among multiple components. These factors together create a complex nonlinear dose-effect relationship. In this context， it is essential to identify methods that suit the characteristics of TCM compounds and can leverage their advantages for effective application in new drug development. This paper provided a comprehensive review of the cutting-edge optimization experimental design methods applied in recent studies of TCM compound compatibilities. The key technical issues， such as the optimization of source material selection， dosage optimization of compatible herbs， and multi-objective optimization indicators， were discussed. Furthermore， the evaluation methods for component effects were summarized during the optimization process， so as to provide scientific and practical foundations for innovative research in TCM and the development of new drugs based on TCM compounds.

Objective To investigate the reproductive and developmental effects of Clothianidin in rats. Methods Clothianidin was administrated by diet to both parental and first filial (F 1) generations of rats at the dosages of 0, 30.51, 110.84 and 304.26 mg/(kg·d) in females, and 0, 26.45, 92.69 and 279.42 mg/(kg·d) in males. Clothianidin was administered through diet to male and female rats for 8 weeks before mating. Clothianidin was administered to female rats in the parental and F1 generations during mating, gestation and lactation periods. During the test, toxicity performance was observed, reproduction index was calculated, and pathological examination was carried out. Results The body weights of rats in the parent and F1 generations in the high-dose group were lower than those in the control group during pre-mating exposure and at various time points during pregnancy and lactation (P<0.05). The pregnancy rates of parental and F1 generations in the high-dose group were lower than those of the control group (48.57% vs 71.43%, 45.71% vs 80.00%, P＜0. 05). Sperm concentration and sperm motility of the parental generation were lower than those of the control group [(42.55±12.87) vs (53.84±7.65) ×106/ml, (58.94±10.59) vs (65.59±6.03), （P＜0.05）]. Sperm concentration and sperm motility of the F1 generation were lower than those of the control group [(41.64±12.42) vs (53.09±9.48), (55.13±9.19) vs (64.53±6.31), (P＜0.05). Conclusion Exposure to clothianidin has reproductive toxicity to Wistar rats, and the no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) in the two-generation reproductive toxicity test is 92.69 mg/kg·BW for males and 110.84 mg/kg·BW for females in Wistar rats.

Osteoarthritis (OA) causes chronic pain that significantly impairs quality of life, with current treatments often proving insufficient and accompanied by adverse effects. Recent research has identified the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and its resident macrophages as crucial mediators of chronic OA pain through neuroinflammation driven by macrophage polarization. We present a novel injectable thermo-sensitive hydrogel system, KAF@PLEL, designed to deliver an anti-inflammatory peptide (KAF) specifically to the DRG. This biodegradable hydrogel enables sustained KAF release, promoting the reprogramming of DRG macrophages from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory phenotypes. Through comprehensive in vitro and in vivo studies, we evaluated the hydrogel's biocompatibility, effects on macrophage polarization, and therapeutic efficacy in chronic OA pain management. The system demonstrated significant capabilities in preserving macrophage mitochondrial function, suppressing neuroinflammation, alleviating chronic OA pain, reducing cartilage degradation, and improving motor function in OA rat models. The sustained-release properties of KAF@PLEL enabled prolonged therapeutic effects while minimizing systemic exposure and side effects. These findings suggest that KAF@PLEL represents a promising therapeutic approach for improving outcomes in OA patients through targeted, sustained treatment.

Objective To explore the expression of homeobox gene-A7(HOXA7)in glioma tissue and its effect on proliferation and apoptosis of glioma cells.Methods A total of 46 glioma specimens removed during neurosurgery and 10 normal brain tissues surgically removed from craniocerebral trauma in the Department of Neurosurgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from September 2010 to August 2016 were selected.The relative expression of HOXA7 mRNA in glioma tissue and normal brain tissue was examined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.U251 cells in the logarithmic growth phase were randomly divided into the blank control group,the nonsense sequence control group and the HOXA7 siRNA group.The U251 cells in the blank control group were not transfected,the U251 cells in the nonsense sequence control group were transfected with scrambled small interfering RNA(siRNA),and the U251 cells in the HOXA7 siRNA group were transfected with HOXA7 siRNA.The expression of HOXA7 mRNA in U251 cells in the three groups was measured by using the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction,the proliferation activity of U251 cells in the three groups was detected by using the cell counting kit-8 assay,and the cell cycle and apoptosis rate of U251 cells in the three groups were detected by using the flow cytometry.Results The relative expression of HOXA7 mRNA in high-grade glioma was significantly higher than that in the low-grade glioma and normal brain tissue,and the relative expression of HOXA7 mRNA in low-grade glioma was significantly higher than that in normal brain tissue(P＜0.05).The relative expression of HOXA7 mRNA in U251 cells in the HOXA7 siRNA group was significantly lower than that in the blank control group and the nonsense sequence control group(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the relative expression of HOXA7 mRNA in U251 cells between the blank control group and the nonsense sequence control group(P＞0.05).At 24,48,72,and 96 hours of culture,the proliferation activity of U251 cells in the HOXA7 siRNA group was significantly higher than that in the blank control group and the nonsense sequence control group(P＜0.01);and there was no significant difference in the proliferation activity of U251 cells between the blank control group and the nonsense sequence control group(P＞0.05).The proportion of U251 cells in the G0/G1 phase in the HOXA7 siRNA group was significantly higher than that in the blank control group and the nonsense sequence control group(P＜0.05),and there was no significant difference in the proportion of U251 cells in the G0/G1 phase between the blank control group and the nonsense sequence control group(P＞0.05).The proportion of U251 cells in the S phase in the HOXA7 siRNA group was significantly lower than that in the blank control group and the nonsense sequence control group(P＜0.05),and there was no significant difference in the proportion of U251 cells in S phase between the blank control group and the nonsense sequence control group(P＞0.05).The proportion of U251 cells in the G2/M phase in the HOXA7 siRNA group was significantly higher than that in the blank control group and the nonsense sequence control group(P＜0.05),and there was no significant difference in the proportion of U251 cells in the G2/M phase between the blank control group and the nonsense sequence control group(P＞0.05).The apoptosis rate of U251 cells in the HOXA7 siRNA group was significantly higher than that in the blank control group and the nonsense sequence control group(P＜0.05),and there was no significant difference in the apoptosis rate of U251 cells between the blank control group and the nonsense sequence control group(P＞0.05).Conclusion HOXA7 is highly expressed in glioma tissues,and its expression significantly increases with the glioma grade.HOXA7 may be involved in the occurrence and development of glioma by promoting the proliferation of glioma cells and inhibiting the apoptosis of glioma cells.

Abstract Prevention and control of myopia requires comprehensive measures. Based on the system established earlier, the system is revised and upgraded. The original system emphasizes comprehensive measures and proposes to focus on both the symptoms and root causes. These measures are summarized into six aspects, three address the root cause measures including health education, glasses optics and visual environment, and three address symptoms measures including eye exercises, physical therapy and drugs. The paper is comprehensively supplemented and analyzes the primary and the secondary, and promotes physical therapy from treating the symptoms to treat both the symptoms and the root causes. These improvement measures will help promote the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents.

Objective: To investigate the association between physical activity frequency and anxiety/depression symptoms among college students in Jiangxi Province, so as to provide a basis for the physical and mental health development of adolescents. Methods: From July to October 2023, 5 761 college students from 11 colleges and universities in Jiangxi Province were selected by convenience sampling to conduct an online questionnaire survey regarding physical activity and mental health. Anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms were assessed by General Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 and Patient Health Questionnaires-9, respectively. Contingency table was used to analyze the distribution of different anxiety and depression symptoms by physical activity frequency, and ordered Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between physical activity frequency with anxiety and depressive symptoms, and stratified analysis was performed based on gender. Results: The detection rate of anxiety symptoms of college students was 43.6% ( n =2 513), and the detection rate of depression symptoms was 63.9% ( n =3 682). There were significant differences in the detection rate of anxiety and depression symptoms among different gender and physical activity frequency groups ( χ 2=15.98, 106.32; 30.65, 150.88, P <0.05). The detection rates of severe anxiety and depression symptoms of male and female who never exercise were higher (severe anxiety: 6.1% for male and 5.2% for female, severe depression: 8.7% for male and 7.4% for female).The results of ordered Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with college students who never exercised, male college students who were physically active almost every day were negatively correlated with mild anxiety and moderate depression symptoms ( OR=0.53，0.33，P <0.05). In addition, male college students who do physical activity 3-4 times a week were negatively correlated with moderate depressive symptoms ( OR =0.43), while male college students who do physical activity 1-2 times a week were negatively correlated with severe depressive symptoms ( OR =0.21) ( P <0.05). Physical activity was negatively correlated with different degress of anxiety and depression symptoms in female college students (anxiety: OR =0.27-0.74, depression: OR =0.18-0.75, P < 0.05). Conclusions The frequency of physical activity in college students (especially female college students) is negatively correlated with anxiety and depressive symptoms. It is suggested to improve the frequency of physical activity to promote physical and mental health.

Hypertension (HT) can induce aortic dissection (AD) by increasing the tension of the aortic wall and promoting tissue degradation, and continuous HT may increase the risk of aortic-related death. It is a significant factor in poor prognosis for AD and the most important controllable factor. Research has shown that blood pressure management after AD can reduce the incidence rate and mortality of AD, so controlling HT is an important goal and means of AD treatment. This article reviews the research progress on the impact of AD on blood pressure, the significance and methods of blood pressure management after AD, with the hope of providing reference for the treatment of AD patients and benefiting them.

Objective To explore the effect of miR-296-3p on hepatic fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation(BDL)in rats.Methods 25 SD rats were randomly divided into sham group,model(BDL)group,NC adv group,miR-296-3p adv group and miR-296-3p sponge adv group,with 5 rats in each group.The pathological changes were ob-served in rat liver tissue via HE,Masson and Sirius Red staining;the levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and total bilirubin(TBIL)in the serum of rat in each group were detected;the expression levels of miR-296-3p,interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1 β,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α and smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),type Ⅰ collagen(Col1A1),and connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)mRNA in rat liver tissue were detected by qRT-PCR;the expression levels of α-SMA,Col1A1 and CTGF proteins were detected by Western blot.Immunohistochemical staining(IHC)was performed to detect the expression of α-SMA in liver tissue.Target genes of miR-296-3p was predicted by bioinformatic analysis using the online database.Zinc finger and BTB do-main-containing protein20(ZBTB20)mRNA and protein expression levels were detected.Results The pathologi-cal staining results showed that compared with sham group,a large number of infiltrated inflammatory cells and col-lagen deposition were observed in the liver tissues of rats in the BDL group and NC adv group.Compared with NC adv group,the inflammatory cells and collagen deposition decreased in the liver tissues of miR-296-3p adv group.However,in miR-296-3p sponge adv group,collagen product and inflammatory reaction increased.Compared with sham group,the contents of ALT,AST and TBIL in serum of rats in BDL group and NC adv group increased,the expression level of miR-296-3p decreased,the mRNA expression levels of IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α increased,and the mRNA and protein expression levels of α-SMA,Col1A1 and CTGF increased(all P＜0.05).Compared with the NC adv group,the contents of ALT,AST and TBIL in serum of rats in miR-296-3p adv group decreased,the ex-pression level of miR-296-3p increased,the mRNA expression levels of IL-6,IL-1 β and TNF-α,and the mRNA and protein expression levels of α-SMA,Col1A1 and CTGF in liver tissues decreased(all P＜0.05).The results of miR-296-3p sponge adv group were opposite to those of miR-296-3p adv group(all P＜0.05).The bioinformat-ics website predicted that ZBTB20 might be a candidate target gene of miR-296-3p.Compared with sham group,the expression of ZBTB20 mRNA and protein in the liver tissues of BDL group and NC adv group increased(P＜0.05),and the expression of ZBTB20 in the liver tissues of miR-296-3p adv group decreased compared with NC adv group(P＜0.05).However,the expression of ZBTB20 in liver tissues of miR-296-3p sponge adv group in-creased(P＜0.05).Conclusion miR-296-3p expression decreases in BDL-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats,and miR-296-3p may inhibit hepatic fibrosis in BDL rats by targeting ZBTB20.

Objective To investigate the effect of miR-199a-5p on common bile duct ligation(BDL)-induced liver fibrosis in rats by regulating intestinal flora.Methods The 25 SD rats were randomly divided into five groups:the Sham group,the BDL group,the negative control adenovirus(NC adv)group,the miR-199a-5p adv group and the miR-199a-5p sponge adv group.The pathological changes of liver tissue and the degree of liver fibrosis were ob-served by HE,Masson and Sirius Red staining.The levels of aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine amin-otransferase(ALT),total bilirubin(TBIL)and direct bilirubin(DBIL)in serum of rats were determined by a fully automatic biochemical analyzer.The mRNA expression level of miR-199a-5p in liver tissue of rats was detec-ted by qRT-PCR.The protein expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)and collagen type 1 alpha 1(COL1A1)in liver tissue of rats were detected by double immunofluorescence staining and Western blot experi-ment.Rat feces were collected for 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing.Results The expression of miR-199a-5p was up-regulated in the liver tissue of BDL rats(P＜0.01).Compared with the NC adv group,the degree of liver injury and collagen deposition were relatively serious,the levels of AST,ALT,TBIL and DBIL in serum and the expression levels of α-SMA and COL1A1 in liver tissue increased in the miR-199a-5p adv group(all P＜0.05).However,the results of miR-199a-5p sponge adv intervention were opposite(all P＜0.05).The 16S rRNA sequencing results showed that rats treated with miR-199a-5p adv were characterized by increased diversity and richness of intestinal microbiota,changed composition of intestinal microbiota,while the results of miR-199a-5p sponge adv interfering with the bacterial community were opposite(all P＜0.05).Conclusion miR-199a-5p promotes liver fibrosis of BDL rats,and its mechanism may be related to regulating the diversity and abundance of intestinal microbiota.