Breast cancer is regarded as a heterogenous disease classified into different molecular subtypes,resulting in different biologic behavior and sensitivity to treatment respectively.Molecular biology typing that based gene expression profiles and biological characteristics of breast cancer can reflect the biological behavior of tumors exactly,which has important clinical significance.

Objective To investigate the relationship between antibiotic administration and the changes in constituent ratios of preponderant pathogens in infection of burn wounds in our burn unit. Methods The consumption of different kinds of antibiotics [expressed as the number of defined daily doses (DDD)/100 patient-day], as well as the constituent ratio of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and percentage of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) among all positive cultures of S. aureus were calculated from 1995 to 2004, and their correlation was analyzed. Results Within this period, it was found that the consumption of first and second-generation cephalosporins and aminoglycosides, including cefazolin and amikacin, was decreased remarkably, while the consumption of antibiotics combined with lactamase inhibitor, third-generation cephalosporins, quinolones, including ceftazidime, levofloxacin and fosfomycin, was increased significantly. At the same time, the constituent ratio of P. aeruginosa declined to certain extent, while the constituent ratio of S. aureus gradually rase, but no increase was found in percentage of MRSA in S. aureus. The constituent ratios of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were correlated to consumption of more than ten kinds of antibiotics or antimicrobial agents. Conclusions The results suggested that more cefazolin or amikacin and less antibiotics with lactamase inhibitor or third generation cephalosporins were used in the treatment of burn infection might help decrease the infection caused by S. aureus, and that when more carbopenem or cefoperazone/sulbactam were used there might be a tendency of declination of P. aeruginosa infection.

Objective To know normal reference value of heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) in serum. Methods Serum H-FABP levels of 126 healthy individuals were measured by ELISA. Levels of MYO, cTnI and CK-MB were assayed in the same time as control. The normal threshold value was calculated as mean value?2s. Results The normal concentration of H-FABP in serum was 3 79?3 52?g/L and the difference in age and gender wasn’t significant. Conclusions The normal reference value of serum H-FABP is 0～10 83?g/L.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss drug quality management practice in medical institutions.METHODS:The status quo of pharmaceutical administration and its trend of development were analyzed based on national laws and regulations for the drug control,the contents on drug quality management practice in medical institutions were presented.RESULTS:The management system,operation criteria,record system should be formulated respectively in drug quality management of medical institutions aimed directly at drug supply and drug use.CONSLUSION:The formulation of drug quality management practice in medical institutions is essential in the efforts to ensure safety,effectiveness and economy of drug use.

Objective To explore the pre-requisite "highlight" of information system in a new outpatient building and its significance on outpatient information construction.Methods The importance of new outpatient information system for improving the treatment of the environment and optimizing the outpatient treatment processes were analyzed from information dissemination system,self-service system and intelligent queuing system.Results The systemic design plan and actual role of the three systems were given by combining actual situation of the new outpatient building construction.Conclusion Having greatly improving for the outpatient information construction and the new outpatient building will have a positive impact on hospital management model,medical model and informationation construction.

BACKGROUND: The implanted cartilage calls can synthesize cartilage matrix as cartilage in cartilage tissue enginsedng, and the density of implanted cells is the key point.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of cell seeding concentration on the chondrogenic differentiation of the adipose dadved sromal cells (ADSCs).DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The in vitro cellular-scaffold observation was performed at the cytobiological laboratory of China Medical University from November 2007 to July 2008.MATERIALS: Six male SD rata with clean grade were supplied by the Experimental Animal Center of China Medical University.METHODS: Totally 5 g/L type ; collagen solution and 20 g/L chitosan was mixed in a mould with volume ratio of 7:3, after lyophillization, it was cut into pieces with 5 mm ～ 5 mm x 2 mm, followed by crosslinking with ethanol contained of 2% chondroitic acid at room temperature. After washing with double distilled water and freeze drying, the chitosan-collagen-chondroitin sulfate copolymar matrices scaffolds were harvested. ADSCs isolated from rat inguinal fat pads were digested with collagenase and trypsase. The prepared scaffolds were randomly divided into 3 groups, and the third passage cells with density of 2×10 9/L,2×10 109/L, and 2×10 11/L were seeded into chitosan-coflagen-chondroitin sulfate scaffolds, and cultured in chondrogenic medium for 3 weeks.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The expression of cartilage specificity gene was detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining, type Ⅱ collagen immunohistochemical staining and RT-PCR.RESULTS: Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that after 3 weeks of culture, the cell proliferated and differentiated well, especially in 2x101～/L group, more extrocelluer matrices were produced and cartilage lacuna-structure could be seen. The type Ⅱ collagen was positive expressed in each group, which showed a gradually increasing tendency with the cell seeding concentration increasing. RT-PCR showed that the expression of proteoglycen and type Ⅱ collagen mRNA were slowly increased. However the expression of Ⅹ collagen mRNA was decreased with increasing cell seeding concentration.CONCLUSION: The chitosan-collagen-chondroitin sulfate copolymer matrices can provide an appropdate environment for the generation of cartilage-like tissues and high call seeding concentration of 2×1010/L facilitate ADSCs to differentiate into cartilage.

[Objective]To study the correlation between the severity of bone marrow edema(BME) and the collapse of osteonecrosis of the femoral head(ONFH),to explore the relationship between the severity and the score of Harris,so as to offer the direction for understanding and judging the prognosis of ONFH clinically.[Method]Fifty-eight cases of ONFH patients(94 hips) without collapse,according to the X-Ray and the MRI examination,made a follow-up visit for 16～28 months,an average of 18 months,and made a retrospective study of the correlation between the severity of BME and the collapse,the Harris of ONFH.[Result]The correlation between the BME degree and the collapse of ONFH:the collapse rate was 4.5% in degreeⅠ,11.8% in degreeⅡ 66.7% indegreeⅢ,90% in degree Ⅳ.The correlation between the BME degree and the Harris:93.0?5.41 in degree Ⅰ,84.1?5.42 in degree Ⅱ,76.4?4.22 in degreeⅢ,66.3+7.46 in degree Ⅳ.[Conclusion](1)BME is the secondary sign of ONFH;(2)The tendency of collapse could be predicted through the BME;(3)There is a negative correlation between the BME degree and the Harris,namely the larger scope of BME is,the lower the score of Harris is.

Objective To evaluate the urethra lengthening technique in the management of stricture of the external orifice and navicular fossa of urethra. Methods From June 1995 to April 1999,15 cases of severe stricture of the external orifice and navicular fossa of urethra were treated by the urethra lengthening technique and the therapeutic effect was evaluated. Results The patients have been followed up for 3～36 months with a mean of 21 months.Satisfactory results with normal voiding and good apearence of the penis have been observed in all but 2.Slight stricture of the external orifice has been noted in 2 patients and has been relieved after 3～6 times of urethral sounding. Conclusions Urethra lengthening technique yields a high success rate with consistant normal voiding and is compliant with the normal anatomy and physiology of the urethra.

Objective To evaluate the character of the collagen-chitosan-chondroitin sulfate scaffold seeded with rat adipose tissue-derived stromal cells. Methods A dipose tissue were harvested from 6 weeks old Wistar rats and the stromal cells were harvested by type Ⅰ collagenase and then cultured in vitro. Type Ⅰ collagen was fully mixed with chitosan, freeze-dried and cross-linked with chondroitin sulfate, then freeze-dried again and sterilized by ethylene oxide. The pore diameter, water content, porosity of the scaffold were tested. The adipose tissue-derived stromal cells were digested, seeded into the plates, scaffold, and cen-trifuged into pellet, and then induced into cartilage. MTT detection for cell proliferation was done. After 3 weeks, the cell morphology, and cell proliferation and adhesion were observed, and chondrngenic differenti-ation was also analyzed. Results The pore diameter, water content, porosity tested for the scaffold showed an appropriate form. Cell proliferation showed faster in the scaffold and pellet culture system after 5 day, there was still cell proliferation in the scaffold system after 14 days but no obvious changes in the pellet cul-ture system; ceils on the scaffold proliferated densely showed by histological staining, but there was a scaf-fold structure residues in the inner layer. The finding of type Ⅱ immunohistochemistry stain showed that cells express strong positive for type Ⅱ collagen in the scaffold and pellet culture system whereas it was weakly positive in the plate culture system; the specific mRNA for cartilage, type Ⅱ collagen, aggrecan and SOX-9 were expressed in all three systems showed by RT-PCR, but type X collagen was expressed continu-ously in the plate culture system and expressed after 21 days in the pellet culture system, whereas it was not detected in the collagen-chitosan-chondroitin sulfate scaffold system. Conclusion The parameters of the collagen-chitosan-chondroitin sulfate scaffold were suitable in our study. The results suggested that it can promote the adipose tissue-derived stromal cells proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation better than the plate and pellet culture systems and maintain the phenotype of chondrocytes well; it is the optimal choice for cartilage tissue engineering in the future.

Objective To evatluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on intraoperative wake-up test during cerebral functional area operation performed under combined iv propofol-remifentanil anesthesia.Methods Twenty-seven ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients (both sexes) aged 17-43 yr with a body mass index of 20-24 kg/m2 undergoing op-eration on cerebral functional area during which intraoperative wake-up test was performed were randomly divided into control group (group C,n =13) and dexmedetomidine group (group D,n =14).Anesthesia was induced with midazolam,sufentanil,etomidate and rocuronium and maintained with TCl of propofol (Cp =3-5 μg/ml) and remifentanil (Ce =2-6 ng/ml).BIS value was maintained at 55-65.In group D after dura of brain was opened,a loading dose of dexmedetomidine 0.3 μg/kg was administered iv over 15 min followed by continuous iv infusion at 0.2 μg· kg-1 · h-1 while TCI of propofol and remifentanil were suspended.In group C after opening of dura,Cp of propofol TCI was reduced to 0.5 μg/ml and Ce of remifentanil to 0.5 ng/ml.The wake-up time and development of hypertension,tachycardia,headache,dysphoria,delirium and awareness were recorded.Results All patients were successfully awakened.There was no significant difference in wake-up time between the 2 groups (P ＞0.05).The incidences of hypertension,tachycardia,headache and awareness were significantly lower in group D than in group C (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine does not affect intraoperative wake-up time during operation on cerebral functional area performed under iv propofol-remifentanil anesthesia,but can significantly reduce the incidence of adverse effects.