Objective To study the changes of gastrointestinal hormones before and after hepatic ischemia reperfusion and the role of salvia miltiorrhiza pretreatment.Methods The clinical data of 32 patients with hepatic diseases who were admitted to the Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Area of PLA from May 2010 to May 2012 were prospectively analyzed.Thirty-two patients with hepatic inflow occlusion were randomly divided into the ischemia reperfusion group (IR group,15 patients) and salvia miltiorrhiza pretreatment group (SM group,17 patients).Patients in the IR group and SM group received partial hepatectomy with hepatic inflow occlusion by Pringle maneuver for 15-20 minutes.Patients in the IR group and SM group were injected with normal saline and salvia miltiorrhiza (30 mL/d) by intravenous drip for 3 days before operation,respectively.Twelve patients with hepatic diseases who received open surgery without block of hepatic inflow occlusion were enrolled in the negative control group (SO group) and 5 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the normal control group (CO group).The changes of the motilin,cholecystokinin,vasoactive intestinal peptide and secretin of the 4 groups were recorded.All data were analyzed using the analysis of variance or LSD-t test.Results The level of motilin of the CO group was (347 ± 14)μg/L.The levels of motilin of the SO group,IR group,and SM group at postoperative 24,48 and 72 hours were (324 ± 13) μg/L,(345 ± 12)μg/L,(345 ± 13)μg/L,(307 ± 10)μg/L,(316 ±9)μg/L,(338 ±13) μg/L,(313 ± 7) μg/L,(337 ± 12) μg/L and (345 ± 12) μg/L,respectively.The level of motilin of the SO group at postoperative 24 hours was significantly lower than that of the CO group (t =5.25,P ＜ 0.05) ; the levels of motilin of the IR group at postoperative 24,48 and 72 hours were significantly lower than those of the SO group (t =10.05,8.09,2.07,P ＜0.05) ; the levels of motilin of the SM group at postoperative 24 and 48 hours were significantly lower than those of the SO group (t =9.83,2.28,P ＜ 0.05),while there was no significant difference in the level of motilin between the SM group and the SO group at postoperative 72 hours (t =0.36,P ＞0.05) ;the levels of motilin of the SM group at postoperative 24,48 and 72 hours were significantly higher than those of the IR group (t =3.80,7.10,2.35,P＜0.05).The levels of cholecystokinin of the CO group was (2.53±0.06)μg/L.The levels of cholecystokinin of the SO group,IR group and SM group at postoperative 24 hours were (3.28 ±0.09) μg/L,(2.52 ±0.09) μg/L,(2.54 ±0.16)μg/L,(4.34 ±0.21) μg/L,(3.63 ±0.31)μg/L,(3.25 ± 0.09) μg/L,(3.71 ±0.28)μg/L,(3.28±0.11)μg/L and (2.53 ±0.09)μg/L,respectively.The level of cholecystokinin of the SO group at postoperative 24 hours was significantly higher than that of the CO group (t =4.33,P ＜ 0.05) ; the levels of cholecystokinin of the IR group at postoperative 24,48and 72 hours were significantly higher than those of the SO group (t =9.32,5.37,2.16,P＜0.05) ; the levels of cholecystokinin of the SM group at postoperative 24 and 48 hours were significantly higher than those of the SO group (t =7.21,3.42,P ＜ 0.05),while there was no significant difference in the level of cholecystokinin between the SM group and the SO group at postoperative 72 hours (t =0.29,P ＞ 0.05) ; the levels of cholecystokinin of the SM group at postoperative 24,48 and 72 hours were significantly higher than those of the IR group (t =5.62,4.63,3.57,P ＜ 0.05).The level of vasoactive intestinal peptide of the CO group was (11.8 ±1.6) tμg/L.The levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide of the SO group,IR group,and SM group at postoperative 24,48 and 72 hours were (21.5 ± 3.8) μg/L,(12.2 ± 1.6) μg/L,(11.9 ± 1.7) μg,/L,(29.7 ± 4.1) μg/L,(22.9±4.2)μg/L,(18.8±2.8)μg/L,(22.4 ±4.1)μg/L,(16.4±2.3)μg/L and (12.1 ±1.6)μg/L,respectively.The level of vasoactive intestinal peptide of the SO group at postoperative 24 hours was significantly higher than that of the CO group (t =3.59,P ＜ 0.05) ; the levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide of the IR group at postoperative 24,48 and 72 hours were significantly higher than those of the SO group (t =6.35,3.22,2.36,P ＜ 0.05) ; the levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide of the SM group at postoperative 24 and 48 hours were significantly higher than those of the SO group (t =5.04,2.33,P ＜ 0.05),while there was no significant difference in the level of vasoactive intestinal peptide between the SM group and the SO group at postoperative 72 hours (t =0.18,P ＞ 0.05) ;the levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide of the SM group at postoperative 24,48and 72 hours were significantly lower than those of the IR group (t =4.27,3.87,2.45,P ＜ 0.05).The level of secretin of the CO group was (75 ± 5) μg/L.The levels of secretin of the SO group,IR group and SM group at postoperative 24,48 and 72 hours were (98 ± 6) μg/L,(76 ± 4) μg/L,(76 ± 4) μg/L,(129 ± 6) μg/L,(102 ±8) μg/L,(89 ± 6) μg/L,(104 ± 8) μg/L,(90 ± 6) μg/L and (74 ± 4) μg/L,respectively.The level of secretin of the SO group at postoperative 24 hours was significantly higher than that of the CO group (t =3.27,P ＜ 0.05) ;the levels of secretin of the IR group at postoperative 24,48 and 72 hours were significantly higher than those of the SO group (t =5.20,2.94,1.77,P ＜ 0.05) ; the level of secretin of SM group at postoperative 24 and 48 hours were significantly higher than those of the SO group (t =4.16,2.54,P＜0.05),while there was no significant difference in the level of secretin between the SM group and the SO group at postoperative 72 hours (t =0.23,P ＞ 0.05) ; the levels of secretin of the SM group at postoperative 24,48 and 72 hours were significantly lower than those of the IR group (t =5.13,4.32,2.87,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Gastrointestinal congestion caused by hepatic blocking leads to the decline of the expression of motilin,but the increase of the expression of cholecystokinin,vasoactive intestinal peptide,secretin.Salvia miltiorrhiza may improve micro-circulation,abate gastrointestinal adema,and influence the gastrointestinal hormone expression in an indirect way.

The dynamic changes of the contents of polyamines and excitatory amino acid in the hippocampus during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion were observed in rats.It was found that the content of putrescine was increased and the release of excitatory amino acid elevated during reperfusion,and the increase of putrescine could be stopped when the antagonist of NM-DA receptor of excitatory amino acid,that is,MK-801,was administered.These facts suggest that the metabolic disturbance of polyamines in closely related to the release of excitatory amino acid and modulated by NMDA receptors.The combination of polyamines with excitatory amino acid may play an important role in the ischemic damage of the brain.

Patients with ischemic stroke is often accompanied by inflammtory response. Studies have suggested that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has induced the occurrence,development and of ischemic stroke and secondary brain injury. This article reviews the toil-like receptor 4 signal transduction pathway and its roles in ischemic stroke in order to provide certain basis for the development of TLR4-targeted medication.

Objective To study the excitability gastrointestinal hormone MTL and inhibitory gastrointestinal hormone SEC expression in the intestinal congestion and the effects of Salvia miltior-rhiza pretreatment at different time limits in 45min of rat hepatic ischemia-reperfusion to explore its possible mechanism and significance. Methods 80 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group(CO group), sham-operated group(SO group), injury group(IR group), salvia miltior-rhiza pretreatment group(SM group). Non-invasive artery clamp was used to clip then slacken the he-patic pedicle to produce animal model of ischemia-reperfusion. The clamp time was 45 min. The rats in Salvia miltiorrhiza pretreatment group were injected 40 ml/kg saline with 6 g/kg Salvia Miltiorrhiza from caudal vein 30 min before clamping hepatic pedicle. While in the sham-operated group, the porta hepatis was dissected after laparotomy and hepatic pedicle not clamped. The upper jejunums at differ-ent reperfusion time phases (0 h, 3 h, 12 h, 24 h, 72 h) were made into specimens respectively, and then MTL and SEC immunohistochemical measurement were conducted. Results At 0 min of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion digestive tract congestion, the MTL expression of upper jejunum went down,SEC expression of upper jejunum went up. With the reperfusion time extending, the MTL expression also descended to minimum at 24 h, but SEC expression increased to reach the peak at 24 h. The ex-pression of these 2 hormones gradually returned to normal at 72h. The MTL expression of Salvia milt-iorrhiza pretreatment group was higher, SEC expression of SM group were lower than the IR group in each time phase of reperfusion. Conclusion The intestinal congestive injury caused by liver ischemia can down-regulate the excitability of gastrointestinal hormone MTL and up-regulate the gastrointesti-nal inhibitory gastrointestinal hormone SEC expression at reperfusion to inhibit gastrointestinal motili-ty. Salvia miltiorrhiza preconditioning can partly weaken the descending of jejunal MTL and increasing of the jejunal SEC expression, which may contribute to the early recovery of gastrointestinal motility.

Objective To inquire into the forward clinical results of ventricular pacing, dual-chamber sensing, atrial-triggered, and ventricular-inhibited (VDD) Pacemaker in an unipolar lead.Methods 16 patients with the pacemaker were studied from 1993 to 2002, including 12 male patients and 4 female patients at 49 to 75 years old (average age 64 4 7 8 years old). They were in normal sinus rhythmia with complete or high degree atrial-ventricular block. Lead electrode was inserted through subclavian venous access, and the pacemaker was implanted in the same side as the electrode.Results All patients were followed up from 1 to 112 months (average 68 8 6 3 months) after pacemaker implantation. Their heart functions were improved, symptoms disappeared, life quality remarkably improved. Atrial sensing of VDD was good. One patient was died from coronary heart disease with heart failure by following up for 42 months, but the rest were healthy. Conclusions VDD pacemaker implantation was simple, easy to perform if its indication was appropriate. It could alleviate patients symptom and its therapy was effective. We should think highly of using VDD pacemaker, especially at poor region.

In recent years, along with the in-depth research of Y-STRs, a lot of new loci are found and applied in forensic medicines. To solve some questions, the International Society of Forensic Genetics have published two guidance and recommendations successively concerning the Y-STRs in 2001 and 2005, which clarify contents regarding the term, the nomenclature principle of loci and alleles and the population genetics et al of Y-STRs. This report mainly describes the nomenclature principle of loci and alleles of Y-STRs.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the disease activity and the serum levels of anti-nuclear autoantibodies against various nuclear components in the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods Two hundred and twenty five SLE patients enrolled from 2000 to 2002 were evaluated retrospectively. All patients fulfilled the ACR 1997 diagnostic criteria for SLE. The patients were divided into three groups according to the disease activity: mild group (Group A), moderate group (Group B)and severe group (Group C), as assessed with SLEDAI score. These cases were also divided into 2 groups according to the serum levels of anti-dsDNA antibody. 52 out of 225 patients were followed up further. Results ①There was no correlation between the serum level of anti-dsDNA antibody and SLEDAI score, and between the serum level of ANA and SLEDAI score in 225 patients. ②The serum level of anti-dsDNA antibody in group C was higher than that in group A or group B (P 0.05). Conclusions A positive correlation between the anti-dsDNA antibody and the disease activity was found in the severe group of SLE, but not found in the mild or moderate group. Although the renal damage was more commonly seen in those with higher level of anti-dsDNA antibody, but there is no correlation between the level of anti-dsDNA antibody and the degree of renal lesion.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular ; genetics ; Humans ; Mutation ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; genetics

BACKGROUND: Cervical sympathetic ganglia block accelerates the re covery of the homeostasis of organic nervous-endocrine-immune system, butit is still unclear whether it can suppress the imbalance of homeostasis in duced by post-traumatic stress disorder. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of cervical sympathetic ganglia blockon the mortality of mice with combined radiation and burn injury, andwhether it can become an easy and effective method to treat secondarydamage after serious trauma. DESIGN: A randomized grouping design, an animal controlled experiment. SETTING: Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou General Hospital, Guangzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The experiments were carried out in the Institute of Combined Injury, the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA between February 2004 and July 2005. Totally 160 Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group (n=50) and cervical sympathetic ganglia block group (n=50). In the control group, the mice were only induced to models of combined radiation and bum injury, and treated with injection of 0.3 mL saline at cervical part. In the cervical sympathetic ganglia block group, the mice were induced to models of combined radiation and burn injury, and then treated with cervical sympathetic ganglia block, once a day for 14 days continuously.METHODS: Methods to induce injury in the animals: ① Radiation injury: The mice were given even radiation of 60Coγ ray (5 Gy) at a distance of 1.5 m to the whole body, the rate of absorptive dosage was (5.17-5.33) mGy/s. ② Burn injury: After the radiation injury, coagulated gasoline was smeared on the back and burnt for 8 s to induce degree Ⅲ burn injury of 15% of the total body surface, which was proved by the pathological section. Methods of cervical sympathetic ganglia block: Cervical sympathetic ganglia block was given bilaterally, and then the mice were injected with 0.2 mL lidocaine (5 g/L), and it was observed whether the symptoms similar to Horner syndrome (hyperemia of conjunctiva, drooping eyelid,blushing, smaller eyeslit) occurred or not at 5 minutes after injection.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The mortality at 2, 5, 7, 10, 20 and30 days after injury and the changes of the numbers of red blood cells,white blood cells and blood platelet in peripheral blood at 7, 14 and 21 days after injury were observed in both groups. The effects of cervical sympathetic ganglia block on the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum at 3, 6 and 14days after combined radiation and burn injury were also observed.RESULTS: All the 160 mice were involved in the analysis of results without deletion. ① Compared with the control group, the mortalities at 5,7, 10, 15, 20 and 30 days in the cervical sympathetic ganglia block group were significantly decreased [control group: 8%, 22%, 32%, 54%, 74%,82%, 90%; cervical sympathetic ganglia block group: 8%, 14%, 16%, 22%,28%, 34%, 56%]. ② Compared with the control group, the numbers of red blood cells, white blood cells and blood platelets in peripheral blood at 7,14 and 21 days after injury in the cervical sympathetic ganglia block group were significantly increased [at 21 days: red blood cells: 23.21×1012 L-1, 14.58×1012 L-1; blood platelet: 16.87×1011 L-1, 12.57×1011 L-1; white blood cells: 20.65×109 L-1, 14.58×109 L-1]. ③ The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β andIL-6 in serum at 3, 6 and 14 days after injury in the cervical sympathetic ganglia block group were significantly decreased as compared with those in the control group [at 14 days: TNF-α: 189, 365 ng/L; IL-1β: 14, 23 ng/L;IL-6: 70, 132 ng/L].CONCLUSION: Cervical sympathetic ganglia block can significantly decrease the mortality of animals with combined radiation and burn injury,and it is an easy and effective method to treat serious trauma, and the mechanism may be realized through accelerating the recovery of hematopoietic function and suppressing the excessive inflammatory reaction.

Objective To investigate a new automatic inverse optimal solution based on VMAT optimization model and verify its result.Methods A variant of the new automatic inverse optimal solution was proposed in this study,which provided a solution to calculate treatment plan with the minimized number of beams and the minimized levels of their intensities on the basis of VMAT optimization model by customized software tools.The verifications were evaluated on the simulated head-neck phantom by dosimetric parameters.Results Compared with conventional IMRT/VMAT treatment plans,the adaptive optimization program(AOP)plan showed that plan20/40(20 fields with totally 40 sub-fields,m=2)made the best achievement and it was clinicable.Conclusions The proposed new optimization technique provides an effective way to reach an inverse treatment plan with the best compromise and less sub-fields compared with IMRT/VMAT plans.