Exposure to high concentration fluoride could do harm to many systems and organs. Recently,great progress has been mad e on the effect of fluoride exposure on immune function including cell immunity, mucosal immunity and cytokines. The aim of this review is to report it.

BACKGROUND:In recent years, the spinal internal fixation technology has made rapid development based on biomechanics and material sciences.
OBJECTIVE: To review the biomechanical characteristics of the lumbosacral spine and the application of various internal fixation materials in the reconstruction of spinal stability after lumbosacral spinal tuberculosis.
METHODS:A computer-based search of Medline and Chinese Journal Ful-Text Database was performed for relevant articles using the keyword of “lumbosacral spinal tuberculosis, biomaterials materials, fixation” in English and Chinese, respectively.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Rigid internal fixation is a conventional treatment for lumbosacral tuberculosis, which improves the spinal alignment and stability during the spinal reconstruction. Metalic materials such as stainless steel, titanium and titanium aloys have been widely used in rigid internal fixation, but metal sedimentation, non-transparency, stress shielding and osteoporosis after internal fixation impact the fusion effects and imaging observation. Absorbable materials as newly-developing materials have good biocompatibility and biodegradability in orthopedic internal fixation. To select the appropriate material for internal fixation, the biomechanical properties of internal fixation materials wil be investigated according to the degree of vertebral damage and lumbosacral stability.

Objective To explore the protective effects of peritoneal dialysis on tissue and organ damage induced by acute hemorrhagic necrotic pancreatitis (AHNP) . Methods Thirty-four AHNP patients were randomly divided into PD group ( n = 21) and control group (n=13). Control group was treated with conventional therapy, while PD group was treated with conventional therapy companied by intermittent peritonea] dialysis (IPD). Urinary and serum amylase, the plasma levels of TNF and IL-1, faecal occult blood test and serum leucocyte were examined. Functions of brain, kidney , liver and heart were observed. Results The protective effect was better in PD group than that in normal group (P

OBJECTIVE: Analysis of multislice CT (MSCT) on the misdiagnosis reasons of children bronchial foreign body, avoid missed diagnosis, to achieve reasonable application. METHOD: Fourteen cases of misdiagnosed cases of data were retrospectively analyzed in our department of suspicious in children with bronchial foreign body, and discuss the misdiagnosis reasons. RESULT: Fourteen cases of misdiagnosis of children with 9 cases by MSCT examination showed no obvious foreign matter. Through bronchoscopy intraoperative found foreign body, 5 cases by multislice CT (MSCT) to found foreign body, 4 cases of phlegm scabs, 1 case is inflammatory granulation, all recovered after treatment. Reasons of misdiagnosis were threshold selection error, scanning level from the inception glottis, imaging error, etc. CONCLUSION MSCT is a very valuable diagnostic on airway foreign body check method, but there are certain limitations, we should improve the understanding of misdiagnosis and reduce the occurrence of this phenomenon.
Bronchi ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; methods

Objective To explore the optimal timing of liver transplantation for acute liver failure,and analyze relative risk factors affecting patients' prognosis.Methods We retrospectively analyze perioperative clinical data of 50 patients suffering from acute liver failure who underwent liver transplantation between March 2005 and June 2010 in Organ Transplantation Center,the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University.Patients were divided into survival group and death group.Clinical data before operation were collected and analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis,respectively.Risk factors influencing the perioperative mortality were selected and were used to direct the operation time.Results There were 50 patients who underwent liver transplantation and 11 cases died during perioperative phase.Five patients died of respiratory infection,three of acute renal failure,one of digestive tract hemorrhage,one of primary allograft failure and one of multiple organ failure.The perioperative,one-year and three-year survival rate were 78％,74％ and 72％ respectively.In the univariate analysis,age,bilirubin level,prothrombin time,creatinine level,grade of encephalopathy and MELD score were found to be significantly different between survival group and death group.The multivariate analysis revealed that age≥65 y,INR ≥3.5,creatinine level ≥ 2.5 mg/dl and MELD score ≥ 40 were independent risk factors affecting survival.Conclusions Liver transplantation is an effective treatment of choice for acute liver failure.Appropriate timing of transplantation helps achieve a high survival rate.

Objective To explore the effect of Sunset Abelmoschus on podocyte injury in adriamycin-induced nephropathy rats.Methods Fifty male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups:sham operation group (n=10),model group (n=10),Sunset Abelmoschus low dose group (0.5 g·kg-1· d-1 n=10),middle dose group (1.0 g· kg-1· d-1,n=10) and high dose group (2.0 g· kg-1· d-1,n=10).Unilateral nephrectomy combined repeated adriamycin injection were performed to establish adriamycininduced nephropathy models.The rats were administered with the corresponding dose of Sunset Abelmoschus during the experiment period.Urinary protein,urinary N-acetyl glucose aminotransferase (NAG),serum albumin,serum creatinine and blood lipid were measured before operation and 2,4,6,8 weeks after operation.The rats were sacrificed on week 8 for the renal histological examination,including light microscope and electron microscope.Expression of nephrin was examined by immunofluorescence assays.Results As compared to model group,urinary protein and NAG significantly decreases in Sunset Abelmoschus groups in each time point,especially in high dose group (P＜0.01),meanwhile the serum albumin increased and the disturbance of lipid metabolism was improved in Sunset Abelmoschus groups (P＜0.05).Compared with sham group,Scr increased significantly in model group and Sunset Abelmoschus groups at the 4th week.At the 8th week,Scr in high dose group was lower than that in model group (P＜0.05),and the ratio of glomerular globe sclerosis and segmental sclerosis,tubulointerstitial damage reduced in Sunset Abelmoschus groups,especially in high dose group.The podocyte damage and the extent of foot process fusion were improved in Sunset Abelmoschus groups compared with model group.Expression of nephrin increased in Sunset Abelmoschus groups than that in model group.Conclusion Sunset Abelmoschus can ameliorate proteinuria and renal tissue damage of adriamycin-induced nephropathy rats,whose mechanism may be associated with the improvement of podocyte injury.

Sleep deprivation due to extended work hours and circadian disruptionhas long been a concern in medicine.Clinicians who have been deprived of sleepfailed to ensure that patients are safe or that the quality of care they receive is high.So it can not be ignored to solve the tense relationship between the clinicians and the patients in China.As a result,to pay attention to the fatigue among clinicians and the safety of patients in our country has its practical significance.Take an active strategy to properly resolve the problem of fatigue among clinicians to ensure medical security,the establishment of safe,high-quality health care system,not only directly related to the treatment of patients,but also to the harmonious relations between clinicians and patients to ensure the safety of health care are very important.

Objective To investigate the variation of chemical characteristics with environmental factors and establish a relationship betweem morphological characters and chemical composition of Prunella vulgaris collected in different areas of China.Methods Twelve phenotypic traits and three chemical compositions were assessed in 28 populations of P.vulgaris collected from different locations in China.Results The variability ranges observed at phenotypic and chemical levels were polymorphic.According to the morphological traits,28 populations of P.vulgaris could be grouped into six clusters,and two morpho-types could be clearly distinguished.Perceptible differences could be discerned in the plant height,leaf length,corolla length,calyx length,fruiting spikes length,and maturity period.Based on three kinds of components including ursolic acid,total flavonoids,and total polysaccharides,all populations could be identified as four types.Cluster Ⅳ showing high content of ursolic acid,total flavonoids,and total polysaccharides could be utilized to develop superior derivatives.Conclusion The variation of chemical characteristics is influenced by the genetic and environmental factors,such as soil,climate,longitude,and altitude.It provides a solid basis for efficiently evaluating qualities and establishing good agricultural practices for P.vulgaris.

AIM: To investigate the effect of atorvastatin ( AT) on the release of endothelial microparticles (EMP) and myocardial apoptosis in the rats with myocardial infarction .METHODS: SD male rats (n=24) were ran-domly divided into 3 groups:sham operation ( sham) group , myocardial infarction ( MI) group and MI+AT group.The rat model of acute myocardial infarction was prepared by coronary artery ligation .At 2 h and 24 h after modeling , the pe-ripheral blood was collected to detect creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT).The circulating levels of EMP were measured by flow cytometry .The myocardial apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase -mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay.RESULTS: At 2 h after modeling, the level of CK-MB was signifi-cantly increased in MI group compared with sham group , and the level of EMP and the myocardial apoptotic rate were sig-nificantly increased in MI group and MI +AT group compared with sham group .At 24 h after modeling , the level of EMP was significantly increased in MI group compared with sham group .The levels of CK-MB, cTnT, EMP and the myocardial apoptotic rate were significantly decreased in MI +AT group compared with MI group .Moreover , the level of CK-MB in MI group was significantly increased at 24 h compared with that at 2 h after modeling .The levels of CK-MB, cTnT and EMP were significantly decreased in MI +AT group at 24 h compared with those at 2 h after modeling .CONCLUSION: Ator-vastatin may reduce the level of EMP and the myocardial apoptotic rate in the rats with acute myocardial infarction , indica-ting that atorvastatin plays a role in protecting endothelium .

Objective To investigate the influence of two general anesthestic modes on postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in the patients undergoing laparoscopic radical hysterectomy .Methods One hundred ASA Ⅰ‐Ⅱ patients undergoing lapa‐roscopic radical hysterectomy were randomly allocated to the propofol group (group P) and sevoflurane group (group S) ,50 cases in each group .The anaesthesia time ,total dose of sufentanil ,total dose of vecuronium ,recovery time ,recovery time for regaining ori‐entation and complications during anesthetic recovery period were recorded .The cognitive function was assessed by the mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) on preoperative 1 d (T0 ) ,postoperative 1 d (T1 ) ,postoperative 3 d ,(T2 ) ,postoperative 7 d (T3 ) ,post‐operative 1 month (T4 )、postoperative 3 months (T5 ) and the POCD occurrence situation was evaluated by adopting the Z scoring . Results The total dose of sufentanil and vecuronium in the group S was lower than that in the group P (P<0 .05) ,the recovery time and time for regaining orientation in the group S was longer than that in the group P (P<0 .05);the incidence rates of shive‐ring ,dysphoria and upper respiratory tract obstruction in the group S were higher than those in the group P (P<0 .05) .There were no statistically significant difference in the MMSE scores between the two groups (F=0 .14 ,P=0 .709);the MMSE scores in each group had statistical differences among different time points (F=74 .46 ,P<0 .01) .The interaction effect existed between the gen‐eral anesthetic mode and time with MMSE score (F=7 .99 ,P<0 .01);the MMSE scores at T1 ,T2 in the group S were lower than those in the group P (P<0 .05) .The incidence rate of POCD at T1 ,T2 、T3 ,T4 in the group S was higher than that in the group P (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The incidence rate of POCD in the patients undergoing laparoscopic radical hysterectomy by adopting sevoflurane inhalation general anaesthesia is higher than that by adopting propofol anesthesia ,but which has no difference after postoperative 3 months .