Exposure to high concentration fluoride could do harm to many systems and organs. Recently,great progress has been mad e on the effect of fluoride exposure on immune function including cell immunity, mucosal immunity and cytokines. The aim of this review is to report it.

BACKGROUND:In recent years, the spinal internal fixation technology has made rapid development based on biomechanics and material sciences.
OBJECTIVE: To review the biomechanical characteristics of the lumbosacral spine and the application of various internal fixation materials in the reconstruction of spinal stability after lumbosacral spinal tuberculosis.
METHODS:A computer-based search of Medline and Chinese Journal Ful-Text Database was performed for relevant articles using the keyword of “lumbosacral spinal tuberculosis, biomaterials materials, fixation” in English and Chinese, respectively.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Rigid internal fixation is a conventional treatment for lumbosacral tuberculosis, which improves the spinal alignment and stability during the spinal reconstruction. Metalic materials such as stainless steel, titanium and titanium aloys have been widely used in rigid internal fixation, but metal sedimentation, non-transparency, stress shielding and osteoporosis after internal fixation impact the fusion effects and imaging observation. Absorbable materials as newly-developing materials have good biocompatibility and biodegradability in orthopedic internal fixation. To select the appropriate material for internal fixation, the biomechanical properties of internal fixation materials wil be investigated according to the degree of vertebral damage and lumbosacral stability.

Objective To explore the protective effects of peritoneal dialysis on tissue and organ damage induced by acute hemorrhagic necrotic pancreatitis (AHNP) . Methods Thirty-four AHNP patients were randomly divided into PD group ( n = 21) and control group (n=13). Control group was treated with conventional therapy, while PD group was treated with conventional therapy companied by intermittent peritonea] dialysis (IPD). Urinary and serum amylase, the plasma levels of TNF and IL-1, faecal occult blood test and serum leucocyte were examined. Functions of brain, kidney , liver and heart were observed. Results The protective effect was better in PD group than that in normal group (P

OBJECTIVE: Analysis of multislice CT (MSCT) on the misdiagnosis reasons of children bronchial foreign body, avoid missed diagnosis, to achieve reasonable application. METHOD: Fourteen cases of misdiagnosed cases of data were retrospectively analyzed in our department of suspicious in children with bronchial foreign body, and discuss the misdiagnosis reasons. RESULT: Fourteen cases of misdiagnosis of children with 9 cases by MSCT examination showed no obvious foreign matter. Through bronchoscopy intraoperative found foreign body, 5 cases by multislice CT (MSCT) to found foreign body, 4 cases of phlegm scabs, 1 case is inflammatory granulation, all recovered after treatment. Reasons of misdiagnosis were threshold selection error, scanning level from the inception glottis, imaging error, etc. CONCLUSION MSCT is a very valuable diagnostic on airway foreign body check method, but there are certain limitations, we should improve the understanding of misdiagnosis and reduce the occurrence of this phenomenon.
Bronchi ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; methods

BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is considered safe for diagnosis of meniscus injury,having accuracy as high as 80% to 100%.However,it is found that there are some false positive and false negative in the clinic.OBJECTIVE: Through assessment of menisci injuries of the knee using magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopy,to investigate MRI manifestation in different types of meniscal injuries.METHODS: A study from January 2003 to December 2008 was performed in 212 patients with knee injury undergoing preoperative MRI.Radiograph was read by physicians who had a senior professional title from radiology and orthopaedics departments,and meniscus damage and damage morphology were predicted.Arthroscopy was conducted by chief physician.Meniscus damage during surgery was considered as gold standards.The accuracy of them was compared.The statistics of accuracy of MRI diagnosis was gathered.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 212 patients and 230 knees were included,and a total of 215 knees of meniscus injury were described by MRI diagnosis and 213 knees of meniscus injury were proven by arthroscopy.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of MRI diagnosis of meniscus injury respectively were 93.5%,64.7%,93.0%.It is found that the sensitivity of MRI diagnosis of bucket-handle damage is high.MRI is easy to miss diagnosis in a light meniscus posterior horn tear,and resuts are more false positive in lateral meniscus injury.It needs arthroscope operation or further surgery in some condition such as gradeⅢ type injury,meniscus displacement after injury and articular capsule separation,which indicates instable meniscus.

BACKGROUND:Conventional dynamic hip screw or artificial joint replacement can be used to treat unstable intertrochanteric fracture in aged patients. It remains unclear whether we should select one-stage replacement or remedial joint replacement after failture, and there is no unified standard globaly. OBJECTIVE: To observe the outcomes and prognosis of one-stage artificial joint replacement for unstable intertrochanteric fracture in aged patients. METHODS:From April 2008 to October 2011, 21 patients with unstable intertrochanteric fracture in aged patients were repaired with one-stage artificial joint replacement at the Second Department of Orthopedics, Changji Prefecture People’s Hospital. Among 21 patients, 1 patient previously combined with avascular necrosis of the femoral head and traumatic arthritis received biological artificial total hip replacement. Three cases were subjected to standard bone cement bipolar artificial femoral head replacement. 17 cases underwent biological bipolar artificial femoral head prosthesis replacement. Al artificial joint, internal fixation material and accessory joint replacement surgical instruments were purchased outside China. Al patients were folowed up regularly. Hip joint function was assessed by Harris hip score. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Al operations were completed by the same group of physicians. Operation time was 30-60 minutes, averagely 42 minutes. Incision length was 8 to 15 cm, averagely 11 cm. Average intraoperative blood loss was 50-300 mL, averagely 150 mL. The number of transfusion cases was 13. 1.5 U blood was transfused averagely in each patient during hospital stay. One 76-year-old patient combined with hypertension, coronary heart disease and diabetes suffered from sudden death due to acute myocardial infarction at 9 days after replacement. B ultrasound revealed venous thrombosis of calf muscle of double lower extremities at 3 days after replacement. No complications such as prosthetic loosening, sinking, infections and thrombosis were detected. Except 1 case died, the other 20 cases received folow-up for 6-49 months. Harris hip score was 73±4 before discharge and 82±6 during last folow-up. These data confirm that effects of one-stage artificial joint replacement for unstable intertrochanteric fracture in aged patients are affirmative, but the number of case is stil less, and deserves further investigations. We suggest that in patients with conformed indication, one-stage artificial joint replacement can be the first choice.

Objective To evaluate the gastroesophageal reflux symptom in patients who underwent continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and the efficacy of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) in treating gastroesophageal reflux. Methods Fifty-eight CAPD patients with good clinical and complete dialyzed eondition,who was admitted to the hospital between Jan. 2008 and July 2008, were inquired about their gastroesophageal reflux symptoms using reflux disease questionnaire (RDQ). The patients who had RDQ≥6 and <12 were received esomeprazole 20 mg daily, while those with RDQ≥12 were received esomeparzole 20 mg twice daily. RDQ score was reevaluated 4 weeks after treatment.Results The common symptom was regurgitation (64.70%), followed by acid reflux (52.9 %), non-cardic chest pain (47.1. %) and heart burn (17. 6%). After 4-week treatment, the RDQ was significantly decreased (P< 0. 05). But there was no difference in outcome of treatment between patients with RDQ≥ 12 and RDQ< 12 (P=0. 059). Conclusion The gastroesophageal reflux symptom in CAPD patients can be relieved by PPI administration, but a larger clinical trial is needed to evaluate the course and efficacy of treatment.

Objective To investigate the variation of chemical characteristics with environmental factors and establish a relationship betweem morphological characters and chemical composition of Prunella vulgaris collected in different areas of China.Methods Twelve phenotypic traits and three chemical compositions were assessed in 28 populations of P.vulgaris collected from different locations in China.Results The variability ranges observed at phenotypic and chemical levels were polymorphic.According to the morphological traits,28 populations of P.vulgaris could be grouped into six clusters,and two morpho-types could be clearly distinguished.Perceptible differences could be discerned in the plant height,leaf length,corolla length,calyx length,fruiting spikes length,and maturity period.Based on three kinds of components including ursolic acid,total flavonoids,and total polysaccharides,all populations could be identified as four types.Cluster Ⅳ showing high content of ursolic acid,total flavonoids,and total polysaccharides could be utilized to develop superior derivatives.Conclusion The variation of chemical characteristics is influenced by the genetic and environmental factors,such as soil,climate,longitude,and altitude.It provides a solid basis for efficiently evaluating qualities and establishing good agricultural practices for P.vulgaris.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that chitosan and other natural polysaccharides have heparin-like anticoagulant function after sulfonated modification. Sulfonated chitosan has good anticoagulant property because the sulfonate group formed by sulfonated chitosan is similar with the active group of heparin. OBJECTIVE: To prepare the anticoagulant chitosan nanoparticles and to detect its morphology, physical and chemical properties and biological security. METHODS: Chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized by emulsion-chemical cross link. Sulfonated chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized by sulfonation reaction. Its morphology was described by transmission electron microscope. The peak-value change of its specific groups was observed by infrared spectroscopy. (1) Coagulation experiment: Heparin, chitosan nanoparticles and 10, 30 and 50 mg of sulfonated chitosan nanoparticles were added into the blood of Spraque-Dawley rats. The coagulation indicators were detected. (2) Hemolysis experiment: deionized water, physiological saline and 10, 30, 50 g/L sulfonated chitosan nanoparticles extracts were added into 2% red blood cel suspension of rabbits. The hemolysis rate was detected. (3) Cytotoxicity experiments: DMEM medium containing fetal bovine serum and 10, 30, 50 g/L sulfonated chitosan nanoparticle extracts were used to culture human umbilical vein endothelial cels. Cel relative growth rate and toxicity grading were detected after 72 hours. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Scanning electron microscopy showed that sulfonated chitosan nanoparticles had good morphology, with a diameter of 50 nm. Infrared spectroscopy showed that the sulfonated replacement occurred.In vitro coagulation experiments showed that sulfonated chitosan nanoparticles had significant anticoagulant effects in a dose-dependent manner. Sulfonated chitosan nanoparticles meet the national safety standard for hemolysis rate of less than 5%, non-induced hemolysis property. Cytotoxicity assays showed that sulfonated chitosan nanoparticles extracts had no significant cytotoxicity, and its biological safety was in line with the national standards.

Objective: To express CTX-M-38 type extended-spectrum-lactamase, and detect its distribution and antibiotic susceptibilities. Methods: Total of 46 strains producing ESBL E.coli was collected from the first affiliated hospital of Zheng zhou University. The CTX-M-38 ESBL gene was selected by PCR using gene recombination technique to construct pET28a-CTX-M-38. The expression of CTX-M-38 in BL21 E.coli and its antibiotic susceptibilities were carried out by liquid dilution test. Testing the enzyme activities of culture supernatant and bacteria sonicate to reflect its distribution. Results: The size of amplified gene product was about 900 bp. The DNA sequence was matched with the information of gene bank. The enzyme activities from bacteria sonicate were stronger than the culture supernatant .The transformant was resistance to penicillins, the first, second and third generations of cephalosporins. It was sensitive to imipenem. The transformant was also sensitive to ceftazidime and aztreonam in vitro, and resistance to antibiotics including beta-lactamase inhibitors except piperacillin/tazobactam. The transformant was also resistance to gentamicin,minocycline, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. Conclusion: The CTX-M-38 type ESBL is successfully expressed at designed experimental condition in this study. The product mainly lies inside the bacteria. The transformant shows wide resistance to antibiotics.