Exposure to high concentration fluoride could do harm to many systems and organs. Recently,great progress has been mad e on the effect of fluoride exposure on immune function including cell immunity, mucosal immunity and cytokines. The aim of this review is to report it.

Objective To explore the protective effects of peritoneal dialysis on tissue and organ damage induced by acute hemorrhagic necrotic pancreatitis (AHNP) . Methods Thirty-four AHNP patients were randomly divided into PD group ( n = 21) and control group (n=13). Control group was treated with conventional therapy, while PD group was treated with conventional therapy companied by intermittent peritonea] dialysis (IPD). Urinary and serum amylase, the plasma levels of TNF and IL-1, faecal occult blood test and serum leucocyte were examined. Functions of brain, kidney , liver and heart were observed. Results The protective effect was better in PD group than that in normal group (P

BACKGROUND:In recent years, the spinal internal fixation technology has made rapid development based on biomechanics and material sciences.
OBJECTIVE: To review the biomechanical characteristics of the lumbosacral spine and the application of various internal fixation materials in the reconstruction of spinal stability after lumbosacral spinal tuberculosis.
METHODS:A computer-based search of Medline and Chinese Journal Ful-Text Database was performed for relevant articles using the keyword of “lumbosacral spinal tuberculosis, biomaterials materials, fixation” in English and Chinese, respectively.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Rigid internal fixation is a conventional treatment for lumbosacral tuberculosis, which improves the spinal alignment and stability during the spinal reconstruction. Metalic materials such as stainless steel, titanium and titanium aloys have been widely used in rigid internal fixation, but metal sedimentation, non-transparency, stress shielding and osteoporosis after internal fixation impact the fusion effects and imaging observation. Absorbable materials as newly-developing materials have good biocompatibility and biodegradability in orthopedic internal fixation. To select the appropriate material for internal fixation, the biomechanical properties of internal fixation materials wil be investigated according to the degree of vertebral damage and lumbosacral stability.

OBJECTIVE: Analysis of multislice CT (MSCT) on the misdiagnosis reasons of children bronchial foreign body, avoid missed diagnosis, to achieve reasonable application. METHOD: Fourteen cases of misdiagnosed cases of data were retrospectively analyzed in our department of suspicious in children with bronchial foreign body, and discuss the misdiagnosis reasons. RESULT: Fourteen cases of misdiagnosis of children with 9 cases by MSCT examination showed no obvious foreign matter. Through bronchoscopy intraoperative found foreign body, 5 cases by multislice CT (MSCT) to found foreign body, 4 cases of phlegm scabs, 1 case is inflammatory granulation, all recovered after treatment. Reasons of misdiagnosis were threshold selection error, scanning level from the inception glottis, imaging error, etc. CONCLUSION MSCT is a very valuable diagnostic on airway foreign body check method, but there are certain limitations, we should improve the understanding of misdiagnosis and reduce the occurrence of this phenomenon.
Bronchi ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; methods

Objective To evaluate the gastroesophageal reflux symptom in patients who underwent continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and the efficacy of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) in treating gastroesophageal reflux. Methods Fifty-eight CAPD patients with good clinical and complete dialyzed eondition,who was admitted to the hospital between Jan. 2008 and July 2008, were inquired about their gastroesophageal reflux symptoms using reflux disease questionnaire (RDQ). The patients who had RDQ≥6 and <12 were received esomeprazole 20 mg daily, while those with RDQ≥12 were received esomeparzole 20 mg twice daily. RDQ score was reevaluated 4 weeks after treatment.Results The common symptom was regurgitation (64.70%), followed by acid reflux (52.9 %), non-cardic chest pain (47.1. %) and heart burn (17. 6%). After 4-week treatment, the RDQ was significantly decreased (P< 0. 05). But there was no difference in outcome of treatment between patients with RDQ≥ 12 and RDQ< 12 (P=0. 059). Conclusion The gastroesophageal reflux symptom in CAPD patients can be relieved by PPI administration, but a larger clinical trial is needed to evaluate the course and efficacy of treatment.

Sleep deprivation due to extended work hours and circadian disruptionhas long been a concern in medicine.Clinicians who have been deprived of sleepfailed to ensure that patients are safe or that the quality of care they receive is high.So it can not be ignored to solve the tense relationship between the clinicians and the patients in China.As a result,to pay attention to the fatigue among clinicians and the safety of patients in our country has its practical significance.Take an active strategy to properly resolve the problem of fatigue among clinicians to ensure medical security,the establishment of safe,high-quality health care system,not only directly related to the treatment of patients,but also to the harmonious relations between clinicians and patients to ensure the safety of health care are very important.

Objective To investigate the variation of chemical characteristics with environmental factors and establish a relationship betweem morphological characters and chemical composition of Prunella vulgaris collected in different areas of China.Methods Twelve phenotypic traits and three chemical compositions were assessed in 28 populations of P.vulgaris collected from different locations in China.Results The variability ranges observed at phenotypic and chemical levels were polymorphic.According to the morphological traits,28 populations of P.vulgaris could be grouped into six clusters,and two morpho-types could be clearly distinguished.Perceptible differences could be discerned in the plant height,leaf length,corolla length,calyx length,fruiting spikes length,and maturity period.Based on three kinds of components including ursolic acid,total flavonoids,and total polysaccharides,all populations could be identified as four types.Cluster Ⅳ showing high content of ursolic acid,total flavonoids,and total polysaccharides could be utilized to develop superior derivatives.Conclusion The variation of chemical characteristics is influenced by the genetic and environmental factors,such as soil,climate,longitude,and altitude.It provides a solid basis for efficiently evaluating qualities and establishing good agricultural practices for P.vulgaris.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that chitosan and other natural polysaccharides have heparin-like anticoagulant function after sulfonated modification. Sulfonated chitosan has good anticoagulant property because the sulfonate group formed by sulfonated chitosan is similar with the active group of heparin. OBJECTIVE: To prepare the anticoagulant chitosan nanoparticles and to detect its morphology, physical and chemical properties and biological security. METHODS: Chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized by emulsion-chemical cross link. Sulfonated chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized by sulfonation reaction. Its morphology was described by transmission electron microscope. The peak-value change of its specific groups was observed by infrared spectroscopy. (1) Coagulation experiment: Heparin, chitosan nanoparticles and 10, 30 and 50 mg of sulfonated chitosan nanoparticles were added into the blood of Spraque-Dawley rats. The coagulation indicators were detected. (2) Hemolysis experiment: deionized water, physiological saline and 10, 30, 50 g/L sulfonated chitosan nanoparticles extracts were added into 2% red blood cel suspension of rabbits. The hemolysis rate was detected. (3) Cytotoxicity experiments: DMEM medium containing fetal bovine serum and 10, 30, 50 g/L sulfonated chitosan nanoparticle extracts were used to culture human umbilical vein endothelial cels. Cel relative growth rate and toxicity grading were detected after 72 hours. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Scanning electron microscopy showed that sulfonated chitosan nanoparticles had good morphology, with a diameter of 50 nm. Infrared spectroscopy showed that the sulfonated replacement occurred.In vitro coagulation experiments showed that sulfonated chitosan nanoparticles had significant anticoagulant effects in a dose-dependent manner. Sulfonated chitosan nanoparticles meet the national safety standard for hemolysis rate of less than 5%, non-induced hemolysis property. Cytotoxicity assays showed that sulfonated chitosan nanoparticles extracts had no significant cytotoxicity, and its biological safety was in line with the national standards.

Objective: To express CTX-M-38 type extended-spectrum-lactamase, and detect its distribution and antibiotic susceptibilities. Methods: Total of 46 strains producing ESBL E.coli was collected from the first affiliated hospital of Zheng zhou University. The CTX-M-38 ESBL gene was selected by PCR using gene recombination technique to construct pET28a-CTX-M-38. The expression of CTX-M-38 in BL21 E.coli and its antibiotic susceptibilities were carried out by liquid dilution test. Testing the enzyme activities of culture supernatant and bacteria sonicate to reflect its distribution. Results: The size of amplified gene product was about 900 bp. The DNA sequence was matched with the information of gene bank. The enzyme activities from bacteria sonicate were stronger than the culture supernatant .The transformant was resistance to penicillins, the first, second and third generations of cephalosporins. It was sensitive to imipenem. The transformant was also sensitive to ceftazidime and aztreonam in vitro, and resistance to antibiotics including beta-lactamase inhibitors except piperacillin/tazobactam. The transformant was also resistance to gentamicin,minocycline, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. Conclusion: The CTX-M-38 type ESBL is successfully expressed at designed experimental condition in this study. The product mainly lies inside the bacteria. The transformant shows wide resistance to antibiotics.

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of superficial surround needling plus quadriceps femoris training in treating knee osteoarthritis and observe electromyographic amplitude variations by knee osteoarthritis.MethodNinety patients diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis were randomly allocated to treatment and control groups, 45 cases each. The treatment group received superficial surround needling plus quadriceps femoris training and the control group, acupuncture alone. Both groups were treated for two weeks. Pre-treatment and post-treatment knee joint functions were scored and compared using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the Lysholm Knee Score Scale and the electromyographic integral value. Meanwhile, electromyography was performed and electromyographic amplitude variations by knee osteoarthritis were compared between the two groups of patients.ResultThe total efficacy rate was 88.9% in the treatment group and 60.0% in the control group. It was higher in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the VAS score, the Lysholm score and the electromyographic integral value were significantly better in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05).ConclusionSuperficial surround needling plus quadriceps femoris training has a marked therapeutic effect on knee osteoarthritis.