AIM: To compare the effect of s. miltiorrhize bunge injection (SMBI) and s. przewalsii maxim injection (SPMI) on acute focal cerebral ischemia in rats, and to study the mechanism of the actions of two agents. METHODS: Acute focal cerebral ischemia model was made by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats, and cerebral infarction volume was determined quantitatively by computer microscopical image analysis instruments. MDA content in serum was determined by TBA colorimetric analysis. SOD content in serum was studied by radioimmunity method. The scavenging effect of hydroxyl radical (?OH) was measured by electron spin resonance technique (ESR). RESULTS: SMBI and SPMI could markedly reduce infarction volume after occlusion of middle cerebral artery and MDA content in serum in rats. SMBI could elevate SOD content in serum. Two injections could markedly inhibit the formation of hydroxyl radical (?OH),and the effect of SPMI was better than that of SMBI. CONCLUSION: The effects of both SMBI and SPMI are similar, and it is possible that SPMI as a satisfactory substitute for SMBI.

High mobility group A1 belongs to the family of high mobility group. It is widespread in human,and involved in the physiological and pathological situations. It is overexpressed in many human cancers including haematological malignancies as the oncogene.

Nerve agents (NAs) belong to the class of organic phosphorus compounds which are acetylcholinesterase ( AChE) inhibitors, including soman, sarin, tabun,VX, etc.NAs are extremely toxic and considered as the most danger-ous chemical warfare agents.The current standard treatment for poisoning by nerve agents consists of the combined adminis-tration of anticholinergic drugs such as atropine sulphate, AChE reactivators such as pralidoxime, obidoxime and HI-6 and diazepam for anticonvulsant effects, but oximes are therapeutic antidotes against nerve agent intoxications which exert the therapeutic purposes primarily by reactivating the NAs-inhibited AChE.In this paper, the mechanism of nerve agents, the main working procedure of anti-NAs drugs, the chemical structure of classic reactivator, the corresponding antitoxic action, in vivo and in vitro effects and metabolic kinetics are reviewed.

To explore the activities of signal transduction pathway involved in heat-stressed fibroblast in vitro. Human dermal fibroblasts were cultured in Dulbecco′s modified Eagle′s medium with 5% calf serum at 5%CO 2 in a water-saturated atmosphere. Cultured cells were heated to 45℃ for 10min. Western blotting was used to detect ERK1/2 and JNK expression, and the expression of caspase-3 protein was observed by immunoflurescence technique. The results showed that the MAPKs signal transduction pathway was activated in heat-stressed fibroblasts. The expression of JNK reached the peak at 60min, then maintained up to 180min. The expression of ERKs peaked at 30min, then lowered. The expression of caspase-3 was weak at 30min after heat-stress, and became evidently strong at 60min. The signal pathway of ERKs and JNK played important roles in the changes in biologic characteristics of fibroblasts after heat-stress.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss drug quality management practice in medical institutions.METHODS:The status quo of pharmaceutical administration and its trend of development were analyzed based on national laws and regulations for the drug control,the contents on drug quality management practice in medical institutions were presented.RESULTS:The management system,operation criteria,record system should be formulated respectively in drug quality management of medical institutions aimed directly at drug supply and drug use.CONSLUSION:The formulation of drug quality management practice in medical institutions is essential in the efforts to ensure safety,effectiveness and economy of drug use.

Objective To investigate the effects ofTongbicapsule on the knee joint function and the synovial fluid levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3,-9 in patients with knee osteoarthritis.Methods A total of 76 patients with knee osteoarthritis were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group according to the random number table, 38 in each group. Patients in the control group were treated with glucosamine hydrochloride capsules, while patients in the observation group were givenTongbicapsule on the basis of the control group. Both groups were treated for 12 weeks. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index was used to measure the knee joint function, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the synovial fluid levels of MMP-3 and MMP-9.Results The knee joint function in the observation group was significantly improved than that in the control group (94.74%vs. 78.95%;χ2=4.146, P<0.05). The synovial fluid levels of MMP-3 (67.58 ± 22.35 ng/mlvs.93.51 ± 27.84 ng/ml;t=4.477,P<0.01) and MMP-9 (36.24 ± 10.56 ng/mlvs.51.87 ± 12.35 ng/ml;t=5.930,P<0.01) in the observation group patients were significant lower than those in the control group after treatment.ConclusionsTongbicapsule was effective in treating knee joint function in patients with knee osteoarthritis, and its mechanism may be related to its reducing the synovial fluid levels of MMP-3 and MMP-9.

The basic concept of gene therapy is to introduce a therapeutic gene into a cell, whose expression can improve to healing of wound. To achieve this goal, the suitable therapeutic gene has been selected and delivered into the reparative cell, which is becoming a focal point works about gene therapy in wound healing. There have been several different therapeutic genes and gene transfer strategies that have been used in models of wound healing. This article discusses several methods that have been used to deliver genes encoding growth factor proteins, stem cells into wounds and the advantages/disadvantages of each approach. We hope a safe vectors system to deliver the effectual transgene in wound healing.

Objective To explore the microanatomy technique of the endoscopy-assisted extreme lateral supracerebellar infratentorial keyhole approach and clinical significance.Methods The extreme lateral supracerebellar infratentorial keyhole approach was imitated in 10 vascular perfusion adult cadaveric heads fixed in formalin,the dorsolateral mesencephalon region was dissected and observed by microscopy and neuroendoscopy from December 2012 to March 2013.Results The extreme lateral supracerebellar infratentorial keyhole approach could be fully exposed the ambient cisterns,the posteromedial tentorial incisura,the dorsolateral mesencephalon region,the trochlear nerve,the root of the trigeminal nerve,the superior cerebellar artery,the posterior cerebral artery and other important anatomical structures.The temporal lobe and parahippocampal gyrus could be exposed when the tentorial was incised.The application of neuroendoscopy could clearly reveal the trigeminal nerve and surrounding structures.Conclusion The extreme lateral supracerebellar infratentorial keyhole approach is suitable for the surgical resection in dorsolateral mesencephalon region.The application of neuroendoscopy can make up for the lack of the trigeminal nerve observed under microscopy and expand the operative field.

BACKGROUND: Cervical sympathetic ganglia block accelerates the re covery of the homeostasis of organic nervous-endocrine-immune system, butit is still unclear whether it can suppress the imbalance of homeostasis in duced by post-traumatic stress disorder. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of cervical sympathetic ganglia blockon the mortality of mice with combined radiation and burn injury, andwhether it can become an easy and effective method to treat secondarydamage after serious trauma. DESIGN: A randomized grouping design, an animal controlled experiment. SETTING: Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou General Hospital, Guangzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The experiments were carried out in the Institute of Combined Injury, the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA between February 2004 and July 2005. Totally 160 Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group (n=50) and cervical sympathetic ganglia block group (n=50). In the control group, the mice were only induced to models of combined radiation and bum injury, and treated with injection of 0.3 mL saline at cervical part. In the cervical sympathetic ganglia block group, the mice were induced to models of combined radiation and burn injury, and then treated with cervical sympathetic ganglia block, once a day for 14 days continuously.METHODS: Methods to induce injury in the animals: ① Radiation injury: The mice were given even radiation of 60Coγ ray (5 Gy) at a distance of 1.5 m to the whole body, the rate of absorptive dosage was (5.17-5.33) mGy/s. ② Burn injury: After the radiation injury, coagulated gasoline was smeared on the back and burnt for 8 s to induce degree Ⅲ burn injury of 15% of the total body surface, which was proved by the pathological section. Methods of cervical sympathetic ganglia block: Cervical sympathetic ganglia block was given bilaterally, and then the mice were injected with 0.2 mL lidocaine (5 g/L), and it was observed whether the symptoms similar to Horner syndrome (hyperemia of conjunctiva, drooping eyelid,blushing, smaller eyeslit) occurred or not at 5 minutes after injection.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The mortality at 2, 5, 7, 10, 20 and30 days after injury and the changes of the numbers of red blood cells,white blood cells and blood platelet in peripheral blood at 7, 14 and 21 days after injury were observed in both groups. The effects of cervical sympathetic ganglia block on the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum at 3, 6 and 14days after combined radiation and burn injury were also observed.RESULTS: All the 160 mice were involved in the analysis of results without deletion. ① Compared with the control group, the mortalities at 5,7, 10, 15, 20 and 30 days in the cervical sympathetic ganglia block group were significantly decreased [control group: 8%, 22%, 32%, 54%, 74%,82%, 90%; cervical sympathetic ganglia block group: 8%, 14%, 16%, 22%,28%, 34%, 56%]. ② Compared with the control group, the numbers of red blood cells, white blood cells and blood platelets in peripheral blood at 7,14 and 21 days after injury in the cervical sympathetic ganglia block group were significantly increased [at 21 days: red blood cells: 23.21×1012 L-1, 14.58×1012 L-1; blood platelet: 16.87×1011 L-1, 12.57×1011 L-1; white blood cells: 20.65×109 L-1, 14.58×109 L-1]. ③ The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β andIL-6 in serum at 3, 6 and 14 days after injury in the cervical sympathetic ganglia block group were significantly decreased as compared with those in the control group [at 14 days: TNF-α: 189, 365 ng/L; IL-1β: 14, 23 ng/L;IL-6: 70, 132 ng/L].CONCLUSION: Cervical sympathetic ganglia block can significantly decrease the mortality of animals with combined radiation and burn injury,and it is an easy and effective method to treat serious trauma, and the mechanism may be realized through accelerating the recovery of hematopoietic function and suppressing the excessive inflammatory reaction.

Objective To investigate the possible signaling mechanisms by which recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor (rhPDGF) accelerated healing of cutaneous wound in diabetic rats. Methods Four full-thickness skin wounds were incised in the back of 26 male Wistar diabetic rats. The wounded rats were divided into 3 groups (7 or 8 rats each group). One group without treatment was used as a control, and the other 2 groups were treated with rhPDGF at a dose of 7.0 μg/cm2 wound or vehicle ( DMSO/0.9%NaCl, vol/vol 1:1) from 1 to 14 days. The wound healing was evaluated by the measurements of the wound volume and area. Immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical staining were used to examine the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2) and the expression of proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), respectively. Results Granulation tissue appeared in the bed of wound after injury. The number of blood capillary buds and fibroblasts was greater in the rhPDGF-treated group than that in the other 2 groups. A lot of inflammatory cells infiltration and collagen deposition were observed in the wound. The wound-volume in the rhPDGF-treated group was smaller than that in control group ( P ＜ 0.05). The reepithelialization rate in rhPDGF-treated group was higher than that in the other 2 groups at 7 days after injury ( P ＜ 0.05). The expression of PCNA in reparative cells was higher in rhPDGF-treated group than in control group or vehicle-treated group at 3,7 days after injury( P ＜ 0.05). The phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was stronger in rhPDGF-treated group than that in control group or vehicle group at 7 and 14 days after injury( P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion These results suggest that rhPDGF accelerates wound healing and improves healing quality by increasing the phosphorylation of ERK1/2.