Objective To evaluate the effect of fluorin dentifrice on the microhardness and whiting of dental enamel bleached with different concentration bleachers.Methods 6%carbamide peroxide(CP)and 30%CP were selected as bleachers.Twenty undefected molars were subjected to 3 groups.Groups A and B.which composed of 8 teeth each,were tested and group C was the control one.Group A(buccal surface)and group B(buccal surface)were treated with 6%CP.Group A (lingual surface)and group B(lingual surface)were treated with 30%CP.They were bleached 30 min every day for two weeks.The teeth in group B were brushed with fluorin dentifrice for 15 min after bleached every time and then all tested samples were kept in the artificial saliva at 37℃.Vickers microhardness of all teeth and color measurement of groups A and B were made before and at the end of bleaching procedure.Results The difference of microhardness values between the bleached and control samples were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Brushed with fluorin agent significantly increased the hardness of enamelin group B(P＜0.05).The color change was not significant between bleached samples.Conclusion Using fluoride in the interphase of bleaching makes this therapy safer,and does not affect the whitening effect.

Objective To investigate the effects of pediatric subclinical hypothyroidism on bone age and height and their treatment outcome.Methods Ninety-seven children with subclinical hypothyroidism were served as this study group and 80 children with normal thyroid function as control group.Bone age and height were detected.Patients in study group were treated with thyroid hormone replacement therapy.The efficacy and lipid changes were evaluated before and after treatment.Results The height and bone age in patients of study group were (1.31 ± 0.06) m and (8.29 ± 0.35) years,significantly lower than the control group ((1.41± 0.09) m,(10.02 ± 1.45) years; t =13.532,P ＜ 0.001 and t =14.590,P ＜ 0.001).Thyroid-stimulating hormone showed a significant negative correlation with bone age (r =-0.783,P ＜ 0.001).In a total of 97 children with subclinical hypothyroidism,71 cases were cured,24 cases with improvement and 2 cases with ineffective,and the total effective rate was 97.9％.Before treatment total cholesterol ((3.45 ±0.42) mmol/L),low density lipoprotein cholesterol((2.50 ± 0.35) mtmol/L) in the study group were significantly higher than those of control group((3.33 ± 0.26) mmol/L,(2.24 ±0.22) mmol/L;t =4.378,5.103 ;P =0.036,0.002).After treatment,the level of low density lipoprotein cholesterol in children with subclinical hypothyroidism was significantly lower than before treatment((2.34 ±0.36) mmol/L vs (2.50 ±0.35) mmol/L,t =4.389,P =0.033),but there was no significant difference in terms of other parameters.Contusion Children with subclinical hypothyroidism can lead to lower bone age and shorter height and it may also lead to changes in lipid levels.More attention should be paid on this disease and early intervention should be provided.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of Sharp-van der Heijde score (SHS)in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods Clinical and X-ray of hands data in 200 patients with RA met the ACR criteria were collected in this study.Clinical DAS28,anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (aCCP)and imaging SHS were used to evaluate the activity of RA quantitatively before and after treatment.Results A moderate correlation existed between SHS and DAS28 (r s =0.61,P =0.00),but there was no significant cor-relation either between SHS and aCCP (r s = -0.1 5,P =0.03)or between aCCP and DAS28 (r s =0.14,P =0.05 ).Significant differences before and after treatment was existed in SHS (t=24.27,P =0.00)and DAS28 (t=1 5.98,P =0.00)respectively.And there was a moderate correlation between the difference in SHS before and after treatment and aCCP (r s =0.66,P =0.00).Conclu-sion The SHS,DAS28 and the aCCP in RA are closely related.Combination of three methods will help to develop the clinical pro-grams,evaluate the efficacy and prognosis.

Objective To evaluate the preventive effect of orifices-dredging and stasis-removing therapy on retinal vascular endothelium and optic nerve damage induced by radiation in rats. Methods Thirty-six SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, namely blank control group, model group and therapy group. Rats in the model group and therapy group were exposed to X-ray radiation once a week for three weeks. Two weeks before the radiation, therapy group was pretreated with intraperitoneal injection of Astragalus injection ( 4.0 g/kg) , Ligustrazine Hydrochloride injection ( 15 mg/kg) and Xingnaojing injection ( 2.5 mL/kg) once a day, blank control group and model group were given intraperitoneal injection of same volume of saline once a day. Before radiation, one day, and 2, 4 and 6 weeks after radiation, we detected the blood concentrations of endothelin-1 ( ET-1) and Von willebrand factor (vWF) in all of the rats by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) , and analyzed the dynamic changes and intergroup difference. Demyelination of optic nerve was observed under transmission electron microscope, and demyelination percentage was counted 2, 4, and 6 weeks after irradiation. Results Compared with the blank control group, the blood concentrations of ET-1 and vWF in model group were increased after irradiation (P<0.05) , and the peak value appeared on the fourth week after irradiation. Compared with the model group, the blood concentrations of ET-1 and vWF in the therapy group were decreased weeks 2 after irradiation ( P<0.05) . The demyelination percentage of optic nerve was significantly higher in the model group than that in the blank control group (P<0.05) 2, 4, and 6 weeks after irradiation. Compared with the model group, the demyelination percentage of optic nerve in therapy group showed insignificant changes 2 and 4 weeks after irradiation (P>0.05) , but was decreased obviously 6 weeks after irradiation (P<0.05) . Conclusion Pretreatment with orifices-dredging and stasis-removing therapy can decrease the blood concentrations of ET-1 and vWF in the radiation-induced retinal damage rats, and can reduce the demyelination of optic nerve in irradiated rats.

OBJECTIVETo explore the impacts on the life quality and the effect mechanism in the patients of allergic rhinitis (AR) treated with warm acupuncture in winter and summer.

METHODSTwo hundred and forty patients of AR were randomized into a summer and winter acupuncture group, a non-summer and winter acupuncture group and a western medication group, 80 cases in each one. In the two acupuncture groups, Dazhui (GV 14), Fengmen (BL 12), Feishu (BL 13), Pishu (BL 20) and Shenshu (BL 23) were selected. In the summer and winter acupuncture group, the warm acupuncture started at the first day of the three periods of hot season and the first day of the third nine-day period after the winter solstice. The treatment was given once every two days, continuously for 15 times. Totally, 30 treatments were required a year. In the non-summer and winter acupuncture group, the warm acupuncture was applied out of the three periods of the hot season and the third nine-day period after the winter solstice. The treatment was given once every two days and 30 treatments for a year. In the western medication group, cetirizine was taken orally, continuously for 30 days as one session. In the three groups, the treatment for 1 year was taken as one session. The second session started in the next year. Totally, 2 sessions were required. The score of rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire (RQLQ) and the level of serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) were compared in the patients' of each group before treatment and in 1 and 2 sessions of treatment.

RESULTSAfter treatment, the scores of 7 domains, named activities, common complaints, practical problems, sleep, ocular symptoms, nasal symptoms and emotions were all improved as compared with those before treatment, in the patients of the three groups (all P < 0.05). After 2 sessions treatment, the results in the summer and winter acupuncture group were better than those in the other two groups (all P < 0.05), and the results in the non-summer and winter acupuncture group were better than those in the western medication group (all P < 0.05). After treatment, serum IgE level was lower averagely than that before treatment in the three groups (all P < 0.05). After 2 sessions treatment, the result in the summer and winter acupuncture group was lower than that in the other two groups (both P < 0.05), and the result in the non-summer and winter acupuncture group was lower than that in the western medication group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the total effective rate was 92.3% (72/78) in the summer and winter acupuncture group, better than 80.5% (62/77) in the non-summer and winter acupuncture group and 69.7% (53/76) in the western medication group (both P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe warm acupuncture in both summer and winter achieves the definite efficacy on AR and the effect mechanism is relevant with reducing serum IgE level.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; methods ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Quality of Life ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; therapy ; Seasons ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective: To investigate the antibiotic resistance status of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from hospitalized children in Shanxi Children′s Hospital. Method: E-test and Kirby-Bauer methods were applied to determine drug sensitivity of the isolates collected from the body fluid specimens of hospitalized children in Shanxi Children's Hospital from January 2012 to December 2014. The antimicrobial sensitivity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Streptococcus pneumoniae to the conventional antibiotics were analyzed, in order to compare the annual trends of non-invasive isolates, while the differentiation of sensitivity from specimens. The comparison of rates was performed by Chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test. Result: A total of 671 isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae were obtained, which could be divided as non-invasive isolates(607), invasive isolates from non-cerebrospinal fluid(non-CSF)(40) and invasive isolates from cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)(24). The antimicrobial sensitivity(isolates(%)) of the 671 isolates were respectively vancomycin 671(100.0%), linezolid 671(100.0%), levofloxacin 665(99.1%), penicillin 595(88.7%), ceftriaxone 516(76.9%), cefotaxime 512(76.3%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprin(SMZ-TMP) 103(15.4%), clindamycin 28(4.2%), tetracycline 26(3.9%), erythromycin 12(1.8%). From 2012 to 2014, the susceptibility rates of non-invasive isolates to penicillin every year were 95.0%(96/101), 97.3%(110/113), 87.3%(343/393), respectively, and there was significant difference among the three years(χ²=13.266, P<0.05), and the values of MIC₅₀, MIC₉₀ and the maximum values of MIC(mg/L) of penicillin were 0.064, 2.000, 6.000 in 2012, which grew up to 1.000, 3.000, 16.000 in 2014. There was no significant difference in the susceptibility rate of non-invasive isolates to ceftriaxone and cefotaxime during these three years, (χ²=1.172, 1.198, both P>0.05). On the other hand, the values of MIC₅₀, MIC₉₀ and the maximum value of MIC(mg/L) of ceftriaxone and cefotaxime both increased from 0.500, 2.000, 8.000 in 2012 to 0.750, 4.000, 32.000 in 2014. There was no significant difference in the susceptibility rate of non-invasive isolates to the rest antibiotic. Based on the same examining standard of CSF, the antimicrobial sensitivity(isolates(%)) of the non-invasive isolates to ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, SMZ-TMP were respectively 281(46.3%), 278(45.8%), 78(12.9%), were significantly lower than the susceptibility rate of the invasive isolates from non-CSF (28(70%), 28(70%), 14(35%), χ²=8.453, 8.817, 15.094, all P<0.012 5), and lower than the invasive isolates from CSF (18(75%), 18(75%), χ²=7.631, 7.905, P<0.012 5; 11(45.8%), P=0.001). The sensitivity of the isolates to the rest antibiotics were similar(P>0.05). Conclusion More than 95.0% strains of the streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from the hospitalized children in Shanxi Children's Hospital were sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid, levofloxacin, and the susceptibility rate of penicillin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime were 88.7%, 76.9%, 76.3%. However, less than 20.0% of streptococcus pneumoniae were sensitive to erythromycin, clindamycin, SMZ-TMP and tetracycline. The susceptibility rate of penicillin of non-invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae declined by these years, and the differences to ceftriaxone and cefotaxime can be neglected, but the values of MIC₅₀, MIC₉₀ and the maximum value of MIC of all were linearly rising. The susceptibility rate of antibiotics to ceftriaxone and cefotaxime of the non-invasive isolates was lower than the invasive isolates.

High-throughput metabolomics have developed very rapidly in recent years and been widely used in medicinal plants research .At present ,high-throughput metabolomics mainly applied in the following areas ,quality control of medicinal plants by fingerprints ,metabolites difference comparison before and after genetic engineering ,monitoring metabolites change in different environment and gene function study .High-throughput metabolomics have a great future ,but still have some challen-ges ,such as the requirements for more sophisticated equipment and complexity of data integration .With the advancement of science and technology ,high-throughput metabolomics will be an irreplaceable tool for the research of medicinal plants .

Objective To establish a Juema minipig model of myocardial infarction, to evaluate the clinical indi?ces in the model pigs, and to explore the relationship between gene expression and metabolic decompensation. Methods 13 male Juema minipigs were randomly divided into control (Sham, n=5), myocardial infarction (MI, n=5) and normal control (for evaluating the recovery condition after surgery, n=3) groups. In the MI group, the ligation was done at the left descending coronary artery around the 1/3 distance to heart apex. Four weeks after the surgery, the cardiac function and serum biochemistry was analyzed. The histological changes and gene expression profiles in the myocardium in the peri?infarct area were exanimated. Results Ultrasonic images showed that the infarction was formed, the ejection fraction and fraction shortening were significantly reduced in the MI group ( ~32% and ~40% less than those of the sham group). Histological examination showed that myocardial fibers at the peri?infarct area were broken, dissolved, and there was con?nective tissue hyperplasia with increased neutrophil and lymphocyte infiltration. Microarray analysis revealed that two myo?cardial remodeling and pathology mediating pathways, three inflammation?related pathways, and 8 metabolic pathways ( in?cluding fatty acid, amino acid, and glucose metabolic pathways) were significantly changed. Conclusions We have suc?cessfully established a Juema minipig model of myocardial infarction. The less branches of the left descending coronary ar?tery allow us to establish a stable model by surgery with comparable characteristics in the clinic indices. The results of this study provides useful reference characteristics of an animal model with characteristic changes in the peri?infarct area.

Objective: To investigate current status and associated factors of preschool children’s physical fitness, in order to provide scientific basis for improving preschool children’s physical fitness. Methods: A total of 3 240 preschool children aged 3-6 years old in Kunshan city were selected through cluster sampling method. They were surveyed about physical fitness and influencing factors. Results: The number of excellence of preschool children’s physical fitness was 269, and the rate was 8.30 percent. The excellence rates of preschool children’s physical fitness in girls, high grade, non-residency in Jiangsu Province were higher(10.87%, 10.96%, 14.88%), and the excellence rate of preschool children’s physical fitness in premature group was lower(4.31%)(P<0.05). Further unconditioned logistic regression analysis found that girls, middle and high grade and non-residency in Jiangsu Province were the protective factors for the excellence of preschool children’s physical fitness, OR values were 1.96, 1.94, 2.45 and 1.87, respectively; premature was a risk factor for the excellence of preschool children’s physical fitness, OR value was 0.47. Conclusion Preschool children in Kunshan have poor physical fitness, especially in boys, low grade and premature groups. Education department and health department should work together to improve the preschool children’s physical fitness.

Baphicacanthus cusia ,widely distributed in the Southwest ,Southern and Eastern regions of China ,is an im-portant medicinal plant of Acanthaceae family .Indigo made from stem and leaf of Baphicacanthus cusia in Fujian has the best quality in China ,and is known as “Jian Indigo naturalis” ,which is the genuine medicinal of Fujian Province .The rhizoma of Baphicacanthus cusia could be used as medicine ,called“Nanbanlangen” ,which together with indigo were included in the“Chi-nese Pharmacopoeia” .Indigo and its original plant both contain indirubin ,which has anti-cancer activity .Indirubin is an active ingredient of Huangdai Pian and Danggui Longhui Wan ,two kinds of traditional Chinese medicine ,which have been successful-ly used in the treatment of malignancies such as chronic myelogenous leukemia .The international advances in the biological characteristics ,genetic diversity ,cultivation technology and molecular biology of Baphicacanthus cusia germplasm resources were summarized .The main problems in Baphicacanthus cusia germplasm resources research are indicated ,which could pro-vide references for the further study and application of Baphicacanthus cusia germplasm resources .