Objective To investigate the characteristics of nitrate pollution and its affecting factors by analysis of the mon i-toring data on ni trate con tent in281specimens of ground water in Haidian District during1990-2000.Methods Nitrate con-tent in the water sam ples and its rela ted factors including area,year and hydrologic period were an alyzed using single factor variance analysis with the STATA4.0statis tic software developed by the Computer Resource Center in USA.Results Among the281specimens collected during1990-2000,nitrate con tent in24specimens were beyond the National Hygienic Standard,substandard rate was8.54%.There was significant difference in the nitrate con tent in the specimens collected from different ar-eas(F=10.02,P0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the nitrate content of the specimens between low water season and high water season.Hydrologic period was not an influential factor on the changes the nitrate content.Conclusion Regional differ-ence was found in the nitrate pollution levels of water,which indicated that control measures on the nitrate pollution should be taken in some main areas with nitrogen-rich organic substance pollution.

Objective To explore curative effect of Xiyanping and vidarabine in treatment for children with viral encephalitis and its impact on T cells subgroup.Methods Methods In June 2012~October 2014, randomly selected 106 cases of children patients with viral encephalitis, as the research object.Randomized divided into observation group (n=53) cases, control group(n=53).Both two group were performed routine therapy, and then control group was given Xiyanping treatment, observation group was given Xiyanping combined with vidarabine treatment.1 continuous week treatment, compared two groups of T cell subgroup number and symptoms disappear time.Results In the two groups after treatment of T cell subgroup CD3 +, CD4 +,CD8 +was significant increase in the number of observation group increased number was significantly higher than the control group,and statistically significant differences ( P<0.05 ) .The observation group’s antifebrile time ( 2.5 ±1.1 ) d; headache, vomiting disappear time ( 3.6 ±2.2 ) d;disturbance of consciousness disappear time (2.6 ±1.3) d and length of hospital stay (9.3 ±2.4) d were significantly lower than the control group (4.7 ±2.8) d, (6.5 ±2.3)d, (4.3 ±2.2) d, (14.2 ±3.6) d, which were statistically significant differences (P<0.05).Observation group’s curative effect for instituting accounted for 73.58%, good rate 92.45%, were significantly higher than the control group 52.83%, 77.36%.which were statistically significant differences (P<0.05).The complication rate of observation group was 16.98%, mortality was 0%,were significantly lower than that of 33.96%, 9.43% of the control group;Cure rate of observation group (90.57%) was significantly higher than that of 49.06% of control group. Observation group severe sequela incidence 11.32% was significantly lower than that of 39.62% of control group and statistically significant differences (P<0.05).Conclusion Xiyangping combined with vidarabine in treatment for children with infantile viral encephalitis can significantly increase the number of T cell subgroup, improve immune function in children with, and curative effect is remarkable and high security.

AIM:To investigate the effect of cigarette smoking condensate on histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) and inflammatory mediators in mouse myoblast C 2C12 cells.METHODS:C2C12 cells were treated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE).HDAC2 siRNA was transfected into the cells using Lipofectamine TM 2000.The levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-α( TNF-α) in the culture supernatants were measured by ELISA , and the expression of HDAC2 at mRNA and protein levels was determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting .RESULTS:The expression of HDAC2 at mRNA and protein levels in CSE group was lower than that in control group (P<0.05).The supernatant levels of IL-8 and TNF-αin CSE group were significantly higher than those in control group ( P<0.05 ) .When the cells were transfected with HDAC2 siRNA followed by CSE stimulation , the expression of HDAC2 at mRNA and protein levels was de-creased , and the supernatant levels of IL-8 and TNF-αwere significantly increased as compared with CSE group and control group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Under the oxidative stress condition , C2C12 cells generate high levels of IL-8 and TNF-αby down-regulating the expression of HDAC2.

Objective To investigate the influence of intraoperative thermostasis over respiratory burst of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in patients undergoing radical operation for lung cancer.Methods Thirty-two ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients scheduled for radical operation for lung cancer under general anesthesia were randomized into two groups ( n = 16 each): control group (Group C) and warming group (Group W). The patients in Group C were kept warm by routine measures such as using woollen blankets, while the patients in Group W were kept warm by force-air warming system and fluid warming device as soon as the patients were admitted to the operation room. Rectal and axillary temperatures were continuously monitored as the core and surface temperature, respectively. The core temperature was maintained at the preoperative level (baseline). Anesthesia was induced with midazolam, fentanyl and propofol. Tracheal intubation was facilitated with rocuronium. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane and nitrous oxide and intermittent i.v. boluses of fentanyl, midazolam and vecuronium. Venous blood samples were obtained before, during and at the end of surgery for normal blood analysis and respiratory burst of PMNs which included activated PMNs count and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.Results (1) WBC and PMN counts were significantly increased during and after operation as compared with the baseline values before operation in both groups and there was no significant difference in WBC and PMN counts between the two groups. (2)Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) stimulation resulted in higher intraoperative and postoperative activated PMN counts in both groups and higher postoperative ROS production in Group W. Postoperative ROS production was significantly higher in Group W than in Group C. (3) The PMN counts without stimulation activation during operation and intra- and post-operative ROS production were significantly decreased as compared with the baseline values before operation in Group C, while in Group W there was no significant difference in pre-, intra- and post-operative activated PMN counts and ROS production. The intraoperative PMN counts and intra- and post-operative ROS productions were significantly higher in Group W than in Group C.Conclusion Intraoperative thermostasis can effectively maintain activated PMN count and ROS production without stimulation and enhance ROS production with stimulation in patients undergoing radical operation for lung cancer.

Objective To investigate the regularity of intrapulnonary lobar and segmental lymph nodes metastasis in patients with cT1N0M0 stage lung adenocarcinoma.To provide a basis for more accurate determination of N stage and indication for pulmonary segmental resection.Methods A prospective study was performed from March 2014 to December 2015.103 cases of cT1 N0M0 stage lung adenocarcinoma received lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection in the thoracic surgery department of China-Japan Friendship Hospital.Intrapulmonary lobar and segmental lymph nodes were dissected and sorted carefully then sent to the pathological department with the corresponding lung specimen and other lymph nodes.Statistical analysis was carried out considering size of the lesion,imaging features,serum CEA levels,pathological subtypes and so on.Results In total 103 cases,pN0 was confirmed in 82 cases,pN1 in 15 cases,pN1 + N2 in 5 cases,and skipping-pN2 in 1 case.14 cases(93.3％) in pN1 group were detected with station 12-14 lymph node metastasis,while only 5 cases (33.3％) were detected with station 12-14 LSNs metastasis.4 cases(66.7％) in pN2 group were detected with station 12-14 lymph node metastasis,while only 1 case(16.7％) with station 13 and station 7 lymph node metastasis.If LSNs were not detected,the false negative rate of N staging could be as high as 6.1％ (5/82),The rate of missed diagnosis of lymph node metastasis might be 30％ (6/20) to N1 stations alone.41.2％ (7/17)cases with metastasis to the adjacent LSNs had been proved with metastasis to the isolated LSNs.The metastasis rate of the isolated LSNs was significantly lower(P =0.049) in pure GGNs compared with those part-solid/solid nodules.Invasive adenocarcinoma had higher metastasis rate of isolated LSNs,compared with preinvasive lesions or minimally invasive adenocarcinomas,with no statistical difference between groups (P =0.055).No significant difference in isolated LSNs metastasis rate was found between groups with different serum CEA levels(P =0.251) or tumor size(P =0.197).Conclusion Dissection of intrapulmonary lobar and segmental lymph nodes might facilitate a more accurate N stage,reduce the false negative rate of lymph node metastasis,and provide basis for more accurate assessment of prognosis and postoperative adjuvant treatment.The sampling area of lymph nodes during segmental resection should include the adjacent LSNs of the target segment.The isolated LSNs metastasis rate of cT1N0M0 stage lung adenocarcinoma with pureGGN as imaging feature is relative low,which might be suitable for segmentectomy when meeting other criteria.

Objective To investigate the approaches,techniques and efficacies ofmicrosurgical resection ofpetroclival meningiomas.Methods A total of 59 patients with petroclival meningiomas,admitted to our hospital from January 2003 to January 2016,were chosen in our study;single microscopic resection was performed in 55 patients (93.2％) and re-operation was performed in 4 patients (6.8％);29 times (46.0％) via retrosigmoid approach,17 times (27.0％) via tranpetrosal approach,and 17 time via subtemporal approach (27.0％) were chosen.The clinical data,radiological findings,surgical records and outcomes of patients were retrospectively analyzed,and the prognostic factors was analyzed.Results Complete resection was achieved in 31 patients (52.5％),subtotal resection in 19 (21.7％) and partial resection in 9 (15.3％).There was no death in perioperative period.Follow-up were obtained in 55 patients,and median follow-up was 42.6 months (ranged 3-131 months).Permanent neurological damage occurred in 16 patients (27％).Tumor recurred in 11 patients:6 had gamma knife radiosurgery,one had routine radiotherapy,and 4 required re-operation.Two patients died of tumor recurrence/progression reoperation.In these 55 patients,42 enjoyed good prognosis and 13 had poor prognosis.The tumor sizes,brainstem edema and preoperative Kamofsky performance scale scores were unfavorable prognostic factors.Conclusion By using appropriate approaches,surgical strategies and techniques,the petroclival meningiomas can be removed with relatively favorable outcome.

Objective     To identify risk factors that affect the verification of malignancy in patients with solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) and verify different prediction models for malignant probability of SPN. Methods     We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 117 SPN patients with definite postoperative pathological diagnosis who underwent surgical procedure in China-Japan Friendship Hospital from March to September 2017. There were 59 males and 58 females aged 59.10±11.31 years ranging from 24 to 83 years. Imaging features of the nodule including maximum diameter, location, spiculation, lobulation, calcification and serum level of CEA and Cyfra21-1 were assessed as potential risk factors. Univariate analysis was used to establish statistical correlation between risk factors and postoperative pathological diagnosis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn by different predictive models for the malignant probability of SPN to get areas under the curves (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, negative predictive values for each model. The predictive effectiveness of each model was statistically assessed subsequently. Results     Among 117 patients, 93 (79.5%) were malignant and 24 (20.5%) were benign. Statistical difference was found between the benign and malignant group in age, maximum diameter, serum level of CEA and Cyfra21-1, spiculation, lobulation and calcification of the nodules. The AUC value was 0.813±0.051 (Mayo model), 0.697±0.066 (VA model) and 0.854±0.045 (Peking University People's Hospital model), respectively. Conclusion     Age, maximum diameter of the nodule, serum level of CEA and Cyfra21-1, spiculation, lobulation and calcification are potential independent risk factors associated with the malignant probability of SPN. Peking University People's Hospital model is of high accuracy and clinical value for patients with SPN. Adding serum index into the prediction model as a new risk factor and adjusting the weight of age in the model may improve the accuracy of prediction for SPN.

Objective To investigate the prevalence rate of non-obese fatty liver disease and its influencing factors, and to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of fatty liver disease. Methods A total of 23 545 individuals who underwent physical examination in Karamay Central Hospital from January to December 2015 and had complete data of abdominal ultrasound, body mass index (BMI), age, and sex were screened out to analyze the prevalence rate of fatty liver disease, and 7484 individuals with normal BMI who had complete data of triglyceride (TG), fasting blood glucose, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were further screened out to perform a multivariate analysis. The t -test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate independent influencing factors for non-obese fatty liver disease. Results In 2015, the prevalence rate of fatty liver disease was 30.2% (7116/23 545) among the individuals who underwent physical examination in Karamay Central Hospital. A stratified analysis based on BMI showed that the individuals with emaciation, normal BMI, overweight, and obesity had a prevalence rate of 0.8% (6/706), 9.3% (919/9899), 38.4% (3404/8870), and 68.5% (2787/4070), respectively (all P < 0.05), and male individuals had a significantly higher prevalence rate of fatty liver disease than female individuals (all P < 0.05). Among the 919 patients with non-obese fatty liver disease, young, middle-aged, and elderly patients accounted for 40.7% (374/919), 46.1% (424/919), and 13.2% (121/919), respectively. For the individuals with normal BMI, there was no significant difference in the prevalence rate of fatty liver disease between middle-aged and elderly individuals (14.5% vs 16.8%, P > 0.05), while both of them had a significantly higher prevalence rate than the young individuals (14.5%/16.8% vs 6.0%, P < 0.05). Young and middle-aged male individuals had a significantly higher prevalence rate of fatty liver disease than their female counterparts ( χ 2 =99.40 and 43.29, both P < 0.001), while the elderly male individuals had a significantly lower prevalence rate than their female counterparts ( χ 2 =9.81, P =0.002). For the individuals with normal BMI, the individuals with normal TG had a prevalence rate of fatty liver disease of 5.0% (311/6273), while those with elevated TG had a prevalence rate of 26.8% (325/1211), with a significant difference between the two groups ( χ 2 =624.90, P < 0.001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, BMI, ALT, fasting blood glucose, TG, and serum uric acid level were independent influencing factors for fatty liver disease in individuals with normal BMI (all P < 0.001). Conclusion There is a relatively high prevalence rate of non-obese fatty liver disease among individuals undergoing physical examination in Karamay Central Hospital, and 61.5% of the patients with non-obese fatty liver disease have glucose or lipid metabolic disorders. Serum TG level may be used as a simple and effective screening index for non-obese fatty liver disease.

Objective    To evaluate whether surgical intervention can be performed in initial onset of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) patients and whether pleural abrasion should be performed regularly in PSP treatment. Methods    The clinical data of 326 PSP patients undergoing bullectomy or bullectomy combined with pleural abrasion (BLPA) between January 2008 and December 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. There were 267 males and 59 females, with a mean age of 24 years ranging from 20 to 31 years. Results    The initial onset of PSP was in 229 patients, and recurrent PSP in 115 patients. Ten patients had postoperative PSP recurrence after a mean follow-up of 47 months ranging from 1 to 95 months. For the patients with initial onset of PSP, the recurrence rate was 3.1% (7/229), and that in patients with recurrent PSP was 2.6% (3/115, P=0.82). Compared with the bullectomy group (5.8%, 7/120), recurrence rate in the BLPA group was lower (1.3%, 3/224, P=0.02). There were no mortalities or significant complications in both groups. There was significant difference in body mass index (P=0.04), intraoperative adhesion (P<0.05), operation duration (P<0.01), number of bullae (P<0.01), and bullae location (P<0.01) between bullectomy and BLPA groups. Postoperative drainage (P<0.01), air leak (P=0.01) and extubation duration (P<0.01) were significantly lower in the bullectomy group. Total cost was significantly higher in the BLPA group (P<0.01). Conclusion    Surgical intervention could provide satisfactory outcomes for PSP patients. Compared with bullectomy, BLPA has much lower recurrence rate, but with more drainage, longer drainage duration and higher cost.

Objective To investigate the comorbidity of hepatic cystic echinococcosis with HBV/HCV infection, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and to lay a foundation for further research on the influence of hepatic cystic echinococcosis on HBV/HCV infection, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the data of 401 patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis who were admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University from 2003 to 2019, and the state of comorbidity of hepatic cystic echinococcosis with HBV/HCV infection, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma was clarified. The patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis and chronic HBV/HCV infection were selected as comorbidity group, and the patients with HBV/HCV infection alone were matched as control group. The chi-square test and the Fisher's exact test were used to analyze the state of viral infection and the disease composition of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Results Of all 401 patients, 38(9.5%) were included in the comorbidity group and 2(0.5%) had liver cirrhosis after HBV/HCV infection, while no patient had hepatocellular carcinoma after HBV/HCV infection. Among the patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the comorbidity group, non-active HBsAg carriers accounted for 81%, HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients accounted for 9.5%, and HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients accounted for 9.5%; among the patients with hepatitis B virus infection in the control group, non-active HBsAg carriers accounted for 43%, HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients accounted for 33%, and HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients accounted for 19%, with a significant difference between the two groups ( P =0.033). There was a significant difference in the HBV RNA clearance rate of the patients with HCV infection between the comorbidity group and the control group ( χ 2 =4.447, P =0.035). In the comorbidity group, the patients with liver cirrhosis accounted for 5.2% and there were no patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, while in the control group, the patients with liver cirrhosis accounted for 18.4% and those with hepatocellular carcinoma accounted for 5.2%; the comorbidity group had significantly lower proportions than the control group ( P =0.048). Conclusion The proportion of liver cirrhosis patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis and HBV/HCV infection is lower than that of liver cirrhosis patients with viral hepatitis alone, and there are no cases of hepatocellular carcinoma after HBV/HCV infection. Further multicenter studies are needed to investigate the influence of hepatic cystic echinococcosis on chronic HBV/HCV infection, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.