The deltoid muscles on both sides of 8 male cadavers were studied within 24 hours after death. According to its fiber architecture, origins and insertions, and nerve distribution, the deltoid muscle was divided into three compartments: an anterior, a middle and a posterior. The muscle samples were taken respectively from the superficial and the deep portion of each compartment of the deltoid muscle. Frozen transverse sections were stained fer myosin ATPase. Muscle fibers were identified as type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ. The proportion of fiber types in each portion was calculated on microscopic photographs and mean cross-sectional areas of both fiber types were measured by imaging analytical system. The results showed that the proportion of type Ⅰ fiber in the superficial and deep portion of the middle compartment is significantly higher than that of the corresponding portion of the anterior and posterior compartments, and the proportion in the deep portion of each compartment is higher than that of the superficial one, however no difference was found between the left and right sides. The fiber size among all portions is not obviously different, but the diameter of type Ⅱ fiber in the deep portion of the middle compartment is significantly smaller than that of other portions. Except the deep portion of the middle compartment, the diameter of both fiber types of the right muscle is larger than those of the left one, although statistical analysis showed that the difference is not significant. The authors suggest that the difference of fiber type distribution within the deltoid muscle is closely related with the functional differentiation of the muscle and the characteristic higher typeⅠ fiber proportion and smaller type Ⅱ fiber diamiter in the deep portion of the middle compartment probably indicate that the main function of this portion is to keep the shoulder joint stability.

The pathologic grading and clinical staging systems have some restrictions for the evaluation of the prognosis of prostate cancer.Early detection of prostate cancer with clinically sensitive diagnostic methods and / or tumor specific markers is of prime importance.Recently,close attention has been paid to the effects of genes related to apoptosis and tumor suppressor genes on the development,progression and prognostic value of prostate cancer.The importance of enzymes/proteins and hormone receptors have also received more and more emphasis in the studies of prostate cancer.

0.05).Conclusion The standard test methods are more effective in detecting G.lamblia than C.parvum.No G.lamblia and C.parvum contamination has been found in drinking water in the Tianjin and Shenyang.

Objective To investigate the effect of nalmefene on the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 3-4 months, weighing 220260 g, were randomly allocated to control group (group C), sham operation group (group S), cerebral I/R group (group I/R), or nalmefene group (group N) using a random number table, with 12 rats in each group.Cerebral I/R was induced by occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries for 20 min followed by reperfusion.Group C received no treatment.Group S underwent 20 min exposure of bilateral common carotid arteries and then received suture.In group N, nalmefene 0.1 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally immediately after reperfusion.At 6, 24 and 72 h of reperfusion, venous blood samples were collected for determination of the concentrations of S-100β protein and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.After the last blood sampling, the rats were sacrificed, and brains were removed for determination of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) contents in brain tissues by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results Compared with group C, the plasma S-100β protein and NSE concentrations at each time point of reperfusion, and TNF-α and IL-1βcontents in brain tissues were significantly increased in S and I/R groups (P＜0.01).Compared with group S, the plasma S-100β protein and NSE concentrations at each time point of reperfusion, and TNF-α and IL-1β contents in brain tissues were significantly increased in group I/R (P＜0.01).Compared with group I/R, the plasma S-100β protein and NSE concentrations at each time point of reperfusion, and TNF-α and IL-1β contents in brain tissues were significantly decreased in group N (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Nalmefene can mitigate cerebral I/R injury in rats.

Objective To summarize the achievement and experience in leprosy control in Jiangxi Province and provide scientific basis for formulation of leprosy strategies. Methods Based on the National Leprosy Recording and Reporting System, epidemiological data of leprosy in Jiangxi Province were analyzed using computer. Results Jiangxi Province was a leprosy medium endemic area with a higher distribution of leprosy in the south than the north. The prevalence, incidence and detection rates were highest in the 1959s or 1960s and had decreased annually since then. Average incidence rate for the recent 5 years (0.1604 per 100 000) and prevalence rate (0.049 per 10 000) in 1998 reached the criteria of basic elimination of leprosy at provincial level, however, still 15 counties or cities not reaching the criteria. Conclusion The comprehensive measures including early detection of cases, immediate treatment with multidrug therapy and effective health education are helpful and important for leprosy control.

Objective:Providing reference basis for effective shorten the average length of stay,this article analyses degree of the medical treatment index and the average length of stay.Methods:This article establishes a model of the weighted grey incidence of optimized grey entropy,and analyzes the influence of the medical treatment index for the average length of stay.Results:According to analyze correlation degree,the influence of the medical treatment index for the average length of stay in order of importance is open berths to count,bunk down times,treatment effectiveness,beds rate of utilization of hospital beds,annual outpatient service quantity,hospital surgery people number and discharge.Conclusions:Weighted grey incidence analysis method based on optimized grey entropy can effectively analyze influence degree of the medical treatment index for the average length of stay,and improving the quality of medical services.

Objective To observe the effects of Angong Niuhuang Bolus(ANB) on vital organ injury and mortality in rats with sepsis.Methods SD rats were randomized into normal control group,model group,and low-,middle-and high-dose ANB groups(in the dose of 1.0,2.0 and 3.0 g?kg-1?d-1 respectively).Except that the normal control group,the rats in other groups received cecal ligation and puncture(CLP) method to induce sepsis through abdominal infection.ANB groups were given gastric gavage of ANB 0.5 hours before CLP and 6 hours after CLP.After CLP for 24 hours,the mortality was observed,serum levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),total bilirubin(TB) and creatinine were detected,and pulmonary myeloperoxidase(MPO) activity in all of the rats was examined.Results Serum ALT and TB levels,MAO activity and 24-hour mortality were increased in the model group(P

Objective To investigate the effect of Angong Niuhuang Bolus(ANB) on mRNA expression of high mobility group box-1(HMGB1) protein and myeloperoxidase activity in the lung of rats with sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture(CLP) method.Methods Seventy-five male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group,model group,AG490(a Janusk kinase inhibitor) treatment group(subcutaneous injection of AG490 8mg/kg 0.5 h before CLP),rapamycin(RPM,a signal transduction and transcription activator inhibitor) treatment group(subcutaneous injection of RPM 0.4 mg/kg 0.5 h before CLP),and low-,middle-and high-dose ANB groups(gastric gavage of ANB in the dose of 1.0,2.0 and 3.0 g?kg-1?d-1 respectively).The animals were sacrificed 24h after CLP,and then lung tissue samples were collected to determine the expression of HMGB1 mRNA by the method of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Meanwhile,the activity of pulmonary myeloperoxidase(MPO) was also measured.Results Compared with the normal control group,the mRNA expression of HMGB1 was significantly enhanced(P

Objective:To study the effect of erythromycin(EM) on cigarette smoke-induced histone deacetylase-3(HDAC3) protein expression in human macrophages in vitro .Methods:The Aqueous cigarette smoke extract ( CSE) was always prepared fresh on the day of the experiment .The U937 monocytic cells were differentiated into macrophages by using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) according to standard procedures .The U937 differentiated cells were treated with either CSE (1%) or EM (1 μg/ml) pre-treatment, and HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA;100 ng/ml) for 24 h.HDAC activity was measured with a colorimetric assay kit and Western blot was used for HDAC3 and factor nuclear-kappaB (NF-κB) protein assays.The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) release in the supernatant were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results:CSE(1%) significantly de-creased HDAC activity and HDAC 3 protein levels at 24 h.Preincubation with EM (1μg/ml ) for 24 h significantly inhibit CSE (1%) induced decrease of HDAC3 protein expression.Furthermore, Preincubation with EM(1 μg/ml) for 24 h significantly inhibit NF-κB activity and TNF-αrelease in human macrophages .Conclusion:EM is able to restore HDAC3 levels decreased by cigarette smoke and inhibit NF-κB activity resulting in decreasing CSE-mediated TNF-αrelease, which has shown an important explanation that EM possess the anti-inflammatory effect induced by cigarette smoke .

Objective To investigate the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on EC50 of propofol given by TCI which produces loss of consciousness (LOC) in breast cancer patients.Methods Ninety ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ breast cancer patients aged 30-60 yr scheduled for elective surgery were allocated into 3 groups according to the chemotherapy the patients received (n=30 each):group Ⅰ control (group C) received no chemotherapy;group Ⅱ taxol and group Ⅲ adriamycine+cyclophosphamide+5-Fu.The patients were unpremedicated.The EC50 of propofol given by TCI was determined by up-and-down technique.The initial effect-site concentration (Ce) of propofol was 2.07μg/ml and the ratio between the 2 successive Ce was 1.09.Loss of response to verbal command and eyelash stimulation was used as sighs of LOC.The EC50 of propofol was calculated.Results The EC50 of propofol causing LOC was significantly lower in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ than in control group.There was no significant difference in the EC50 of propofol which produces LOC between group Ⅱ and Ⅲ.Conclusion The EC50 of propofol causing LOC in breast cancerpatients is decreased by adjuvant chemotherapy.