OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the curative efficacy of recombinate erythropoietin(r-HuEPO) administered through different route for patients receiving hemodialysis.METHODS: 40 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis(MHD) were randomized into subcutaneous injection group and intravenous injection group.The hemoglobin(Hb),hematokrit(Hct) and the adverse effect within 12 weeks were observed.RESULTS: The Hb/Hct level of the two groups increased with the prolonging of treatment,which increased significantly at 8 weeks and 12 weeks as compared with before treatment(P

Although there are many drugs for the treatment'of cerebral infarction, no satisfactory efficacy has achieved. Mesenehymal stromal cells (MSCs) have multilineage differentiation potential and self-renewing capability, and can differentiate into neurons. The transplanted MSCs can improve neurological deficit after cerebral infarction, promote the recovery of neurological function, and thereby reduce the disability of cerebral infarction through the mechanisms such as releasing nutritional factors and growth nutritional factors, promoting angiogenesis. The use of MSCs for cell transplantation is likely to be an ideal means in the treatment of cerebral infarction.

20% lymphocytes)was documented in all patients who underwent bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL).In addition,inversion of the CD4/CD8 ratio(mean value:0.64?0.21)was observed in the patients.Non-specific IgM and IgG antibodies to antigens were documented in 13/14(92.9%)of BAL patients.Ten patients were cured by glucocorticoid,others by anti-infective therapy.We rechecked the HRCT which displayed the shade of lung in 12 patients(85.7%)vanishing completely,2 patients'(14.3%)partly.Conclusion There is no specificity in the clinical manifestations,change of mageology,pulmonary function and the immunologic test.However,compared with other methods,we find the test of BAL is more valuable to the diagnosis.It is critical to avoid the antigen,and we find the curative effect of the glucocorticoid is significant.

The relationship between thyroid diseases and cerebrovascular diseases is getting increasingly attention. Studies have shown that thyroid diseases are associated with many kinds of cerebrovascular diseases, such as ischemic cerebrovascular disease, moyamoya disease, cerebral venous thrombosis, and artery dissection. This article review the advances in research on the correlation between thyroid diseases and cerebrovascular diseases.

Objective To explore the significance of multiple microelectrode guided technique in determining the sensory?motor area of the sub?thalamic nucleus(STN)in deep brain stimulation(DBS)surgeries. Methods A total of 22 electrophysiological recording data of STNs recorded by multiple microelectrode was retrospectively analyzed ,while another 20 electrophysiological recording data of STNs recorded by a single micro?electrode was recruited as the control group. Results A total of 64 microelectrodes were used in 22 STNs guided by multiple electrophysiological recording electrodes. Sensory or motor activated potentials were recorded in 21 sides(95.5%),while regular discharge was recorded in one side. The average length of typical STN activity on the optimal channel of multiple electrophysiological recording electrodes was 5.58±0.53 mm,and the average length of sensory or motor activated potentials was 3.27±1.54 mm. In contrast,the average length of typical STN activity recorded by single microelectrode was 5.02±1.01 mm. However,sensory or motor activated potentials were recorded in 13 sides(65.0%)with the average length of 1.36±0.98 mm. Among the 22 STNs guided by multiple electrophysiological recording electrodes,the final implanted target was consistent with the initially selected anatomic target in 13 sides(coincidence rate,59.1%). In 9 sides,the electrophysiological target was inconsistent with the initially selected anatomic target. Conclusion STN DBS performed with multiple electrophysiological recording electrodes resulted in better outcomes of recording of the average length of typical STN activity or the average length of sensory or motor activated potentials of STN ,final confirmation of STN sensory motor area and determination of the optimal channel of implantation. Application of multiple electrophysiological recording electrodes provides a premise for the precise electrode placement in STN DBS surgeries.

AIM:To investigate the effect of cigarette smoking condensate on histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) and inflammatory mediators in mouse myoblast C 2C12 cells.METHODS:C2C12 cells were treated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE).HDAC2 siRNA was transfected into the cells using Lipofectamine TM 2000.The levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-α( TNF-α) in the culture supernatants were measured by ELISA , and the expression of HDAC2 at mRNA and protein levels was determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting .RESULTS:The expression of HDAC2 at mRNA and protein levels in CSE group was lower than that in control group (P<0.05).The supernatant levels of IL-8 and TNF-αin CSE group were significantly higher than those in control group ( P<0.05 ) .When the cells were transfected with HDAC2 siRNA followed by CSE stimulation , the expression of HDAC2 at mRNA and protein levels was de-creased , and the supernatant levels of IL-8 and TNF-αwere significantly increased as compared with CSE group and control group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Under the oxidative stress condition , C2C12 cells generate high levels of IL-8 and TNF-αby down-regulating the expression of HDAC2.

AIM:To investigate whether the cigarette smoke extract (CSE) causes senescence of C2C12 myo-blasts and the relationship between senescence and histone deacetylase 2(HDAC2).METHODS: Murine C2C12 cells were induced to differentiate into myoblasts.The HDAC2 activator and inhibitor were used to investigate the effects of CSE in the myoblasts on cell senescence and the expression of HDAC2.The expression of HDAC2 at mRNA and protein levels was determined by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively, and the positive cell rate of β-galactosidase staining for cell senescence was also detected.RESULTS:The optimal concentration of CSE was 60 mL/L and the intervention time was 24 h.After the intervention of CSE, the positive cell rate ofβ-galactosidase staining was increased, accompanied with the reduction of HDAC2 expression at mRNA and protein levels.The expression of HDAC2 at mRNA and protein levels was increased by 4, 5, 6, 7-tetrabromobenzotriazole (TBB), accompanied with the reduction of positive cell rate ofβ-galacto-sidase staining.Furthermore, when HDAC2 expression at mRNA and protein levels was reduced by HDAC2 inhibitor valp-roic acid, the positive cell rate of β-galactosidase staining was increased.CONCLUSION: CSE promotes the senescence by reducing the expression of HDAC2 in C2C12 myoblasts.

Objective To investigate the influence of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV) after radical mastectomy. Methods A total of 286 breast cancer patients, aged 18-60 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, scheduled for elective modified radical mastectomy under general anesthesia in our hospital, were divided into either non?chemotherapy group ( n=106 ) or neoadjuvent chemotherapy group ( n=180 ) . General anesthesia was induced with iv propofol 2 mg∕kg, rocuronium 0. 6 mg∕kg and sufentanil 0. 2 μg∕kg. The patients were endotracheally intubated. The concentration of sevoflurane inhaled was adjusted according to the value of bispectral index, and bispectral index value was maintain at 40-50. Ondansetron 8 mg and flurbiprofen axetil 100 mg were injected intravenously at 30 min before the end of surgery. If vomiting occurred for 2 consecutive times, and continuous nausea and vomiting appeared from the time point after extubation to 24 h after surgery, and the patients required treatment, rescue medication was used. The occurrence and severity of PONVwithin 24 h after surgery and requirement for rescue medication were recorded. Results Compared with non?chemotherapy group, the incidence of PONV within 24 h after surgery and requirement for rescue medication were significantly increased, and the severity of PONV was aggravated in neoadjuvent chemotherapy group (P<0.05). Conclusion Neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery can increase the risk and severity of PONV after modified radical mastectomy.

Objective To explore the efficacy and the safety of oxycodone hydrochloride injection in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in breast cancer patients.Methods A total of 200 female patients,aged 25-65 years,ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective breast-conservative surgery,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=100 each): oxycodone hydrochloride group (group O) and sufentanil group (group S).Oxycodone 0.2 mg/kg (group O) or sufentanil 0.2 μg/kg (group S) with propofol 2 mg/kg and cisatracurium 0.15 mg/kg were administered intravenously for general anesthesia induction.Propofol target-controlled infusion combined with remifentanil were used for maintenance of general anesthesia during the operation.Anesthesia time,awake time,extubation time,total consumption of propofol and remifentanil were recorded.The adverse events and VAS scores after surgery were observed.Results There was no significant difference between groups in anesthesia time,awake time,extubation time,consumption of propofol and remifentanil.Compared with group S,group O had lower VAS score at 2 h after surgery (P<0.05),but with no significant difference at other time points.There was no significant difference at the incidence of moderate pain between group.The incidence of dizziness was 18% in both groups.The incidence of nausea was 11 (11%) in group S and 9 (9%) in group O with no significant difference.Conclusion Taken together,oxycodone hydrochloride used for general anesthesia in breast cancer patient is practicable.

Objective To determine main factors associated with quality of life in epileptics in northen China especially seizure severity and stigma, and the variations between men and women. Methods All patients with epilepsy aged 18-65 years were selected from the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, tested from March 2014 to March 2015. All of them completed the general social science data, the Quality of Life Inventory in Epilepsy-31 (QOLIE-31), Liverpool Adverse Events Profile (LEAP), the National Hospital Seizure Severity Scale (NHS3), Epilepsy Stigma Scale (ESS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale ( SAS) and Hamilton Depression Scale ( HAMD) assessment. Results A total of 123 patients with epilepsy (60 men, 63 women) were interviewed. QOLIE-31 scores were 55. 81 ± 10. 17 in female patients, 65. 35 ± 10. 89 in male patients, the difference being statistically significant (t=2. 90, P<0. 05). ESS (1(0,2)), SAS(31. 85 ± 8. 16), HAMD (4. 38 ± 2. 90) scores of female patients were higher than that of male patients (0(0,0), 26. 93 ± 3. 45, 2. 80 ± 1. 39;U= -2. 710, t=2. 48, 2. 20, all P<0. 05). Multiple factors analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis on quality of life revealed that depression (β= -0. 516, P<0. 01) and the severity of epilepsy (β= -0. 338, P=0. 01) were two strong predictors of QOLIE-31 overall scores. The linear regression showed that there was a direct link between shame and degree of depression (β = 0. 515, P= 0. 001 ) . Conclusions The main factors affecting the quality of life in epileptics in northen China are depression and seizure severity. Compared with male patients, female patients have a lower quality of life, and poorer psychological status, such as shame, depression and anxiety. There is a direct link between shame and depression in epileptics.