Objective To explore the role of IL-1β in capillary leak syndrome by observing the alterations of AQP-1 expression,apoptosis,and ultrastructural of vascular endothelial cells under the action of IL-1β.Methods Umbilical vein endothelial cells (UVEC) in vitro were randomly allocated into 3 groups:time,concentration,and control.In the time group,UVECs were treated with culture medium containing 20 μg/L IL-1β for3 h(T1),8 h(T2),12 h(T3) and 24 h(T4).In the concentration group,UVECs were treated with culture medium containing 0.2 μg/L(C1),2 μg/L(C2) and 20 μg/L(C3) IL-1β for 24 h.In the control group,UVECs were treated with culture medium without IL-1β for 24 h.The changes of AQP-1 mRNA and protein expression were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot.Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry,and cell ultrastructural changes were observed by electron microscopy.Results AQP-1 mRNA and protein expression of T1-T4 in the time group and C1-C3 in the concentration group were lower than those of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The apoptotic rate was increased,and mitochondrial swelling,vacuolar degeneration,karyolysis and necrosis were observed under electron microscopy.These were more pronounced with time or concentration increases.Conclusions IL-1β can cause a decrease of AQP-1 mRNA and protein expression,increase in apoptotic rate and increase in damage to the cells'ultrastructure.This is an important reason for damage to the vascular endothelial barrier and may be associated with capillary leak syndrome.

Objective To investigate the clinical features,treatment,prognosis,and occurrence of neurogenic pulmonary edema(NPE) in children with severe hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) complicated with brain stem encephalitis and abnormal cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods 386 cases of severe HFMD were hospitalized in our Intensive Care Unit (ICU) from May to October 2010,of which 24 cases had abnormal cranial MRI.Their clinical symptoms,MRI features,treatment,and prognosis were analyzed.Results The clinical symptoms of severe HFMD with brainstem encephalitis included fever,startle,lethargy,vomiting,difficulty swallowing,drooling,and so on.The patients with abnormal cranial MRI were prone to have a neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) (5％ vs 6.5％,x2 =34.55,P ＜0.01).Conclusions The nervous system-affected parts of severe HFMD is the brain stem,thalamus,and spinal cord.Brain stem inflammation can be found early by the cranial MRI to be highly vigilant of NPE.During course of 1 ～ 5 day,special attention should be paid to the symptoms of the nervous system.The early detection,timely intervention,and prevention from NPE would result in the good prognosis.

Objective:To study the morphologic standard values of craniofacial hard-tissue of the youths in Xi'an.Methods:CBCT scanned cephalometric data of 100 selected volunteers (50 males and 50 females)with individual normal occlusion were collected.31 landmarks and 31 measurements were compared between sexes and between 3D and 2D data with software InvivoDental 5.2,WinCeph 8.0.and SPSS 19.0.Results:1.In the 3D measurements,vertical growth of mandible in the females was more than that in the males. The values of torque of lower incisor,basis length,height of rumi mandibulae and length of corpora mandibulae in the males were bigger than those in the females.2.Compared with 2D measurements,there existed statistically significant differences in most parameters except U1-NA(mm).Conclusion:3D analysis with CBCT may provide more accurite morphologic data for craniofacial hard tissues.

Objective To investigate the value of computed tomography (CT)-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image fusion in target volume delineation of postoperative precise radiotherapy for gliomas.Methods Thirty-six patients newly diagnosed with gliomas were enrolled and received postoperative intensity-modulated radiotherapy.Landmark (L) combined with manual fusion (M) and maximization of mutual information (MI) was used for image fusion.Target volume and organs at risk were delineated based on CT images and fused images,respectively.Comparison of the volume was made by pairwise t test.The distance from a landmark on CT image to the corresponding one on MRI image was calculated.The volume method and geometric center method were used to calculate the degree of volume overlap and changes in central positions after image fusion.Results The L+M+MI method achieved a high registration accuracy in image fusion,with a registration error less than 2 mm.In patients with grade Ⅲ-V gliomas,the CT images yielded significantly smaller gross tumor volume (GTV) and clinical target volume (CTV) than the MRI images (74.62±46.91 vs.105.99±58.86 cm3,P=O.042;304.03± 130.05 vs.387.94± 150.12 cm3,P=0.040).After image fusion,the smallest change in central position occurred in the chiasma (1.32± 1.42 mm),and the largest change occurred in CTV (7.99± 11.06 mm),followed by GTV and the brain stem.Conclusions CT-MRI image fusion helps to reduce the uncertainty of target volume delineation in patients with gliomas,especially in those with edema and residual tumor after surgery.

BACKGROUND:The light curing and fluoride light curing enamel adhesives have a certain sealing effect on the etched enamel surface.The fluoride light curing enamel adhesives can also achieve the anti-caries function by releasing fluoride ions.However,the existing researches lack the long-term tracing of fluoride release effect,especially the amount of local pathogenic bacteria after 1-3 months of local fluoride application. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the changes in the expression of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans in subgingival plaque of the upper anterior teeth adhered by different components of enamel adhesives in adolescent patients with fixed appliance. METHODS:Ninety adolescent patients who received orthodontic treatment in Shanghai Stomatological Hospital from January to December 2016 were enrolled,including 43 males and 47 females,with a mean age of(13.27±1.12)years.These patients were randomly divided into three groups(n=30 per group).In the chemical curing group,Unite? bonding resin was used to bond fixed appliances.In the light curing group,Transbond XT light curing resin was used to bond the fixed appliance.In the fluoride light curing group,GC light curing orthodontic adhesive was used to bond the fixed appliance with cement.The subgingival plaque was collected on the day of bonding,1st,2nd,and 3rd month follow-up reviews.The expressions of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans in subgingival plaque were detected by PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Intragroup comparison:With the increase of bonding time,Porphyromonas gingivalis expression increased significantly in the 3rd month in the chemical curing group(P<0.05).In the light curing group,Porphyromonas gingivalis showed a significant decrease in the 1st month(P<0.05).Porphyromonas gingivalis expression decreased significantly in the 1st and 2nd months compared with initial data in the fluoride light curing group(P<0.05).The expression of Streptococcus mutans was higher in the chemical curing group in the 1st,2nd,and 3rd months compared with the initial data(P<0.05).In the fluoride light curing group,the expression of Streptococcus mutans was lower in the 1st,2nd,and 3rd months compared with the initial data(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the proliferation and expression of Streptococcus mutans during follow-up in the light curing group compared to the initial adhesion(P>0.05).(2)Intergroup comparison:In the 1st month,the expression of Porphyromonas gingivalis was lower in the light curing group and fluoride light curing group than that in the chemical curing group(P<0.05).In the 2nd and 3rd months,the expression of Porphyromonas gingivalis was lower in the fluoride light curing group than that in the light curing group and chemical curing group(P<0.05).In the 1st,2nd,and 3rd months,the expression of Streptococcus mutans was lower in the light curing group and fluoride light curing group than that in the chemical curing group(P<0.05).The expression of Streptococcus mutans was lower in the fluoride light curing group than that in the light curing group(P<0.05).(3)The results show that in the fixed orthodontic process,the use of different components of enamel adhesives has different effects on the proliferation and expression of oral Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans in the short term.Fluoride light curing enamel adhesives at the initial stage can reduce the occurrence of enamel demineralization,caries,and periodontal inflammation.

Objective: To investigate the impact of intensified maintenance therapy on the prognosis of children and adolescents with advanced lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) . Methods: Retrospective analysis on the treatment results of children and adolescents with stage Ⅲ and stage Ⅳ LBL who underwent BFM-NHL-90/-95 regimen without prophylactic radiotherapy. The intensified therapy group included the patients admitted from 1998 to 2005, while others were classified as the non-intensified therapy group. Patients in the intensified therapy group were intravenously treated with "etoposide phosphate plus cytrarabine" and high-dose methotrexate alternately per 2.5-3 months in addition to the oral chemotherapy with 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate during the maintenance phase. Results: A total of 187 LBL patients were enrolled. The rates of 5-year event free survival were (76.9 ± 5.8) % and (77.9 ± 4.3) % (χ²=0.249, P=0.617) respectively, in the intensified therapy (n=52) and the non-intensified therapy groups (n=135) , while the rates of 5-year overall survival of them were (78.8 ± 5.7) % and (79.8±4.1) % (χ²=0.353, P=0.552) , respectively. Stratified by stage, immunological type as well as risk stratification, the rates of long-term survival were similar between the two groups. During the maintenance phase, the rates of grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ myelosuppression in the intensified therapy and the non-intensified maintenance groups were 55.8% and 18.5%, respectively (χ²=25.363, P<0.05) . Conclusion Intensified maintenance therapy failed to improve the prognosis of patients with advanced LBL.