Objective To study the expression and role of galanin in the hypothalamus of rat with the drug-induced hyperprolactinemia.Methods Hyperprolactinemia was induced by daily intraperitoneal injections 50 mg/kg sulpiride solution.The protein in the hypothalamus of rat was extracted to determine the expression levels of galanin with Western Blot.The expression and colocalization of galanin and dopamine in model and control group were observed with immunofluorescence.Results The model group showed a significant increase of serum prolactin (PRL) level and a significant decrease of serum estradiol (E2) level,as compared to the control group ((15.74±2.49) ng/ml vs (10.25±1.29) ng/ml and (4.24±0.69)pg/ml vs (9.56±3.25) pg/ml,respectively,P＜0.05).Both the expression level of galanin and the number of neurons coexisting with galanin and dopamine were decreased in the hypothalamus of the hyperprolactinemia rat compared with the control group.Western Blot revealed that,compared to the control group,the sulpiride model group had a significant increase of galanin but not TH (0.405±0.112 vs 0.985±0.158,P＜0.05 and 0.871 ± 0.046 vs 0.890±0.054,P＞ 0.05,respectively).Conclusion Galanin expression level has decrease in the hypothalamus of the hyperprolactinemia rat,which contributes to the reduction of dopaminergic neurons.

Objective To study the variables of behavioral function and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling) figure in Bcl-2 transgenic (TG) mice and control mice after spinal cord injury (SCI), thus to find new ideas and ways for diagnosing and treating SCI. Method The genesis of Bcl-2 overexpression transgenic (TG) mice were produced by injection of Bcl-2 plasmid into the fertilized ova of mice.Nine Bcl-2 TG mice and nine control mice were subjected to SCI of moderate severity at T10, with the use of weight dropping (WD) method (impact force 2.5～3.0 g·cm). Up to 1 day , 7 days, and 14 days after SCI,functional deficits were evaluated with BBB scales, and the apoptosis of neurons was investigated by using TUNEL method. Another three mice of control group were only treated with laminectomy without SCI for comparison. Results The mean functional scores in the control mice were lower than those in the Bcl-2 TG mice, although the unpaired T -test revealed no significant differences. On the other hand, the number of TUNEL positive neurons and IOD(Integrated Optical Density)score in the Bcl-2 TG mice were both significantly lower than those in the control mice. Conclusions This experiment suggests that overexpression of Bcl-2 may suppress neuronal apoptosis after SCI. The Bcl-2 may be an important factor in relieving the damage within CNS after trauma.

Objective The feasibility of predicting the B-cell epitopes of human Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) was discussed by applicating bioinformatics technology.Linear epitope molecules that have diagnostic value were screened and these recombinant linear multi-epitope peptides were constructed,and expressed.The immunogenicity of the recombinant linear multi-epitope peptides were also identified.Methods NGAL amino acid sequence was got from GenBank in the Department of Clinical Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University in July 2015,the Predicted,ABCpred,BepiPred,BcePred,and Lasergene softwares were used to predict the linear B cell epitope prediction.The predict epitopes were constructed and prokaryotic expressed,and then the single epitope antigens which could reacted with commercially available polyclonal NGAL antibody were screened out by Western blot.Finally,the multi-epitope peptide was constructed,expressed,and identified through immunoreactions.Results Eight possible epitopes were obtained after prediction.pET32a-N1-N8 prokaryotic expression vector were used to express the predict epitopes.After purification and Western blot analysis,three of the epitopes have strong antigenicity,and then a soluble fusion protein was expressed and obtained from the multi-epitope prokaryotic expression vector pET22b-Ngal_MEP1.The fusion protein was successfully purified by Ni2 + affinity column.Western blot analysis showed that the fusion protein had a strong antigenicity.Conclusions The constructed multi-epitope linear NGAL antigen peptides can obtain high soluble expression in prokaryotic expression system,and have a strong immunoreactivity,which can be used in subsequent antibody preparation.

Objective To explore clinical value of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) rate in early evaluation of imaging tumor efficacy and prognosis of disease control for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) before and after the second course of chemotherapy, and provide the basis for clinical adjustment chemotherapy regimens.Methods Patients in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were randomly collected in January 2007-September 2014 during the pathological diagnosis of 130 cases for advanced NSCLC, who had an elevated serum CEA level, including pre-chemotherapy and prochemotherapy, were collected.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was used to evaluate efficacy of CEA change in evaluation of early disease control (DC).SPSS 18.0 was used to analyze the relationship between CEA change and prognosis.Results After two chemotherapy cycles, the area under the ROC curve was 70.6％.When the cut-point of the change rates of CEA levels was 2.05％ , the Youden index reaches the maximum.Adenocarcinoma group and squamous cell carcinoma patients after 2 courses of CEA change rate evaluation, which area under the ROC curve was 72.0％ (95％ CI :61.4％ ～ 82.5％), and 70.1％ (95％ CI:45.8％ ～94.5％).Survival was analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method, which showed the change rates of CEA levels were all the influencing factors of progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with advanced NSCLC(P ＜ 0.05).While the change rates of CEA levels were not predictive overall survival (OS) (P =0.715).Conclusions It prompts effective chemotherapy, and patients have the extended PFS, when CEA levels before and after chemotherapy dropped to a certain degree.

The purpose of this study is to synthesize nanometer calcium carbonate/poly(L-lactide) composites and evaluate its biocompatibility, and mechanical properties. The nanometer calcium carbonate/poly(L-lactide) composites was prepared by the method of solution mixing and cell culture. Its properties were analyzed using, mechanical tests, MTT assay, transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope. It was found that the new kind copolymer had good biocompatibility, nanometer calcium carbonate could enhance the strength of the pure poly (L-lactide) matrix. The nanometer calcium carbonate/poly (L-lactide) composites is a promising bioabsorbable material. It is worth further medical research.
Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; Calcium Carbonate ; Cell Line ; Materials Testing ; Mice ; Nanostructures ; Polyesters ; Tensile Strength

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) in the treatment of complex lumbar disc herniation (LDH).Methods:A retrospective analysis of clinical data of 122 patients with LDH who underwent PELD from October 2015 to June 2019 in department of orthopedics, Beijing Chui Yang Liu Hospital was performed. There were 71 males and 51 females. According to whether lumbar disc herniation was a simple non migrated type, the patients were divided into control group ( n=85) and complex group ( n=37). The age, length of stay, operative approach, operation time, the bleeding volume, operative segments, perioperative complications, and excellent and good rate of 3 months after operation were recorded. Follow-up visit was performed by regular outpatient visit for 3 to 36 months. Before and after surgery, 3 days, 1 month, and 3 months after surgery, the Oswestry disability index (ODI) and modified MacNab criteria were used to evaluate the effect of surgery. The measurement data were expressed as mean±standard deviation ( Mean± SD), and the comparison between groups was performed by ANOVA analysis, the count data were expressed as percentage (%), and the comparison between groups was performed by χ2 test or Fisher test, the rank grouping data were performed by Mann-Whitney U non-parametric test. Results:The age of patients in complex group [(63.0±15.9) years] was older than that in control group [(48.7±16.3 years] ( t=2.289, P=0.030), and the length of stay in complex group [(13.0±6.9) d] was longer than that in control group [(8.2±4.3) d] ( t=2.384, P=0.024). There were no significant differences of the operative approach between the two groups ( χ2=0.420, P=0.517). Compared with the control group [(59.0±25.0) min, (16.3±10.9) mL], the operation time of the complex group [(87.0±29.2) min] was longer ( t=2.737, P=0.011), and the bleeding volume [(63.5±52.5) mL] was more ( t=3.925, P=0.001). There were no significant differences of the operative segments between the two groups ( χ2=0.356, P=0.837). The incidence of operation related complications in the complex group (13.5%, 5/37) was significantly higher than that in the control group (2.4%, 2/85) ( χ2=5.937, P=0.026). There were no significant differences in the excellent and good rate between the two groups at 3 months after operation ( U = 1 398.000, P=0.106). The preoperative ODI score of the complex group [(86.6±8.8) scores] was significantly higher than that in the control group [(76.1±7.7) scores]( t=3.359, P=0.002). The ODI score of the two groups decreased significantly. There were significant differences ( t=18.683, P=0.001) between the preoperative [(76.1±7.7) scores] and 3 d postoperative [(36.6±7.5) scores] in the control group. There were significant differences ( t=7.365, P=0.001) between the 3 d postoperative [(36.6±7.5) scores] and 1 month postoperative [(15.0±10.8) scores] in the control group. There were significant differences ( t=4.524, P=0.001) between the 1 month postoperative [(15.0±10.8) scores] and 3 month postoperative [(10.4±12.7) scores] in the control group. There were significant differences ( t=9.923, P=0.001) between the preoperative [(86.6±8.8) scores] and 3d postoperative [(40.1±11.0) scores] in the complex group. There were significant differences ( t=3.619, P=0.006) between the 3d postoperative [(40.1±11.0) scores] and 1 month postoperative [(18.2±15.1) scores] in the complex group. There were significant differences ( t=5.966, P=0.001) between the 1 month postoperative [(18.2±15.1) scores] and 3 month postoperative [(12.7±14.5) scores] in the complex group. Conclusions:PELD technology can treat complex LDH. Compared with simple non migrated LDH, although the operation time is longer, the amount of intraoperative bleeding is more and the incidence of postoperative complications is higher, there is no difference in ODI scores, excellent and good rate. The clinical effect is similar to that of simple non migrated LDH.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of percutaneous coablation nucleoplasty (PCNP) in the treatment of discogenic low back pain (DLBP).Methods:From March 2015 to March 2019, the clinical data of 97 single segment DLBP patients with PCNP admitted to orthopaedic department of Beijing Chui Yang Liu hospital were analyzed retrospectively. They were divided into PCNP group ( n=43) and control group ( n=54). The sex proportion, age, medical history, length of hospital stay, follow-up time, operation time, responsibility segment, Pfirrmann classification and complications were recorded. 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after the operation, the routine outpatient reexamination and follow-up were conducted for 6-36 months. The therapeutic effect was evaluated by numeric rating scale (NRS) and Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) before, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after the operation. Measurement data were presented by Mean± SD, t test was used for comparison between groups, and analysis of variance of repeated measurement data was used for comparison of NRS score and RMDQ score before and after treatment. The counting data were expressed by percentage, χ2 test or Fisher precision test was used for comparison between groups, and Mann-Whitney rank sum test was used for comparison between groups of follow-up time and hierarchical grouping data. Statistical software SPSS 20.0 was used to process the data, P< 0.05 was statistically significant. Results:The average operation time of PCNP patients was (36.3±13.2) min (15 to 65 min), and no complications occurred. After treatment, the NRS score and RMDQ score of the two groups decreased significantly( F组内=26.000, P=0.001; F组内=26.000, P=0.001), and the NRS score and RMDQ score of the PCNP group decreased more significantly( F组间=5.666, P=0.024; F组间=4.261, P=0.048), and the NRS score and RMDQ score of the PCNP group decreased more significantly with time ( F交互=26.000, P=0.028; F交互=26.000, P=0.010). Conclusion:PCNP with DLBP patients showed satisfied clinical results in pain relief and improve dysfunction. PCNP is a safe, minimally invasive and effective treatment method, which has a long therapeutic effect and is superior to conservative treatment.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on intestine injury induced by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in rats.

METHODSThirty-two rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, NAC control group, CPB model group, and CPB plus NAC treatment group (n=8). In the latter two groups, the rats were subjected to CPB for 1 h. The rats received intraperitoneal injections of normal saline or NAC (0.5 g/kg) as appropriate for 3 successive days prior to CPB, and those in CPB plus NAC group were given NAC (100 mg/kg) in CPB prime followed by infusion at 20 mgsol;(kg·h) until the cessation of CPB. Intestinal and blood samples were collected 2 h after CPB for pathological analysis and measurement of intestinal concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interlukin (IL)-6 and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and serum levels of diamine oxidase (DAO).

RESULTSEvident oxidative stress and pathological damages of the intestines were observed in rats after CPB. NAC treatment obviously alleviated intestinal damages induced by CPB, decreased the levels of intestinal MDA, TNF-α, IL-6 and serum DAO and increased activity of SOD, GSH, and GSH-Px in the intestines.

CONCLUSIONPerioperative NAC treatment can alleviate intestinal injury induced by CPB in rats by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammatory response.

Acetylcysteine ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; adverse effects ; Glutathione ; metabolism ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Inflammation ; drug therapy ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Intestines ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Rats ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Objective To evaluate the reliability of the TLICS and AO-TLICS scoring system for the thoracolumbar fracture and the effectiveness of the final treatment scheme.Methods The clinical data of 56 adult patients with acute traumatic thoracolumbar fracture diagnosed in Department of Orthopedics,Chui Yang Liu Hospital Affiliated to Tsinghua University from June 2015 to June 2017 were analyzed retrospectively.There were 35 males and 21 females,aged (32.3 ± 9.8) years,with an age range of 21-53 years.Two senior deputy chief orthopaedic physicians retrospective analyzed DR plain films,CT,MRI images and clinical records of thoracolumbar spine by independent blind method.According to TLICS and AO-TLICS scoring system (include injury morphology,neurologic status,posterior ligament complex (PLC) damage or M1 modifier,the severity scores of thoracolumbar fracture were classified and calculated.The score was divided into TLICS score group and AO-TLICS score group,each group of scores was the above 56 patients.Three months later,the two physicians repeated the above analysis process and compared the consistency of the scores between the observer and the observer's own control.The consistency of the two groups was compared,and the accuracy,sensitivity and specificity of the final treatment were compared.Cohen kappa test was used for consistency comparison according to the score and the mean value was taken.Measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (Mean ± SD),and t test was used for inter-group comparison.Results In the TLICS score group,the Cohen kappa coefficients of the observer's own control in fracture type,neurological status assessment,and PLC injury were 0.810,0.966,and 0.698,respectively,and the total scores were consistent (k=0.727).Cohen kappa coefficients between the observers in fracture morphology,neurological status assessment,and PLC injury were 0.725,0.931,and 0.594,respectively,and the total scores were consistent (k =0.615).In the AO-TLICS score group,the Cohen kappa coefficients of the observer's own control in terms of fracture type,neurological status assessment,and M1 correction factor were 0.760,0.892,and 0.711,respectively,and the total scores were consistent (k =0.666).Cohen kappa coefficients of the observers in terms of fracture type,neurological status assessment and M1 correction factor were 0.707,0.836 and 0.604,respectively,and the total score was consistent (k =0.592).According to the TLICS score,the correct rate of treatment was (84.2 ± 2.8) ％,the sensitivity was (84.1 ±2.1)％,and the specificity was (85.9 ± 6.5)％.According to the AO-TLICS score,the correct rate of treatment was (89.0 ± 2.6) ％,the sensitivity was (88.3 ± 3.5) ％,and the specificity was (89.6 ± 2.4) ％.There was a statistically significant difference in the rate of correct rate (t =2.485,P =0.047).Conclusion The advantage of TLICS score is better consistency in interobservers or intraobservers,but the AO-TLICS score system is more comprehensive,and the choice of treatment plan is more instructive.

Objective:To study the risk factors of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE) refractoriness.Methods:The clinical data of 106 HCC patients who underwent TACE at the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2020 to December 2021 were retrospectively studied. There were 90 males and 16 females, with the age of (59.9±9.3) years. These patients were divided into the TACE-refractory group ( n=47) and the control group ( n=59) based on whether TACE refratoriness occurred after surgery. Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVIKA-II), maximum diameter of tumor, number of tumor and tumor vascularization patterns between the two groups were compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to analyse the risk factors of TACE refractoriness in patients with HCC after TACE. Results:The proportion of patients with AFP >400 μg/L, PIVIKA-II >40 AU/L, number of tumor and tumor vascularization patterns Ⅲ+ Ⅳ (uneven enhancement) were significantly higher in the TACE-refractory group than the control group (all P<0.05). The maximum diameter of tumor for patients in the TACE-refractory group was significantly larger than that in the control group ( Z=-2.41, P=0.016). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that patients with serum AFP >400 μg/L( OR=2.707, 95% CI: 1.008-7.271), multiple tumors ( OR=6.069, 95% CI: 2.115-17.415) and tumor vascularization patterns Ⅲ+ Ⅳ (uneven enhancement)( OR=7.813, 95% CI: 2.246-27.176) before the first TACE were at increased risks of TACE refractoriness (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Preoperative AFP >400 μg/L, multiple tumors and tumor vascularization patterns Ⅲ+ Ⅳ were independent risk factors for TACE refractoriness in patients with HCC.