Objective To study pharmacological mechanism of Sanshanxiao granules in treating diabetes. Methods The rat model of diabetes was set up by injecting STZ intraabdominally. The modeled diabetic animals were divided into model group, Sanshanxiao group, and Xiaokewan control group. Normal rats were devised as blank-contrasted group. It was observed through several aspects on the level of blood sugar and insulin, activity changes of SOD in serum, contents of MDA and changes of islets of pancreas morphologic contrastly. Results Sanshanxiao granules can reduce blood sugar, stimulate insulin secreted, develop activity of SOD and decrease the contents of MDA obviously (P

Objective To explore the relationship between parent hostility and adolescent externalizing behavior problems and the mediating role of parenting.Methods The cross-sectional data of 4474 adolescent aged 10-21 of the National Survey of Adolescent Mental Health in China (2008) was used.Adolescents reported their externalizing problems and parents' parenting.Parents reported their hostile behaviors.Results ① Parent hostility((9.18 ± 3.56),(8.94 ± 3.18)) significantly correlated with monitoring,inductive reasoning,harshness of parenting(father(3.39 ± 1.16),(3.21 ± 1.02),(1.39 ± 0.62) respectively,r =-0.108 ～ 0.489,P ＜ 0.01 ;mother (3.96 ± 0.97),(3.38 ± 0.96),(1.37 ± 0.60) respectively,r =-0.148 ～ 0.468,P ＜ 0.01) ; and both parent hostility and parenting were significantly associated with adolescent externalizing problems (0.23 ± 0.21) (r =-0.308 ～ 0.577,P ＜ 0.01).②Parental monitoring,inductive reasoning and harshness discipline partially mediated the relations between parent hostility and adolescent externalizing problems (Z =6.12,5.10,6.36,P ＜ 0.01 ; Z =5.86,6.97,11.84,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Parenting partially mediated the effect between parent hostility and adolescent externalizing problems.

Objective To evaluate eutopic endometrial blood supply and vessels in patients with endometriosis(EMs) with contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS),to explore a newmethod to estimate vascularization of eutopic endometrium in EMs patients.MethodsThirty patients with EMs were enrolled and 20 patients who were diagnosed as other gynecological diseases as control.Informed consent of each case was obtained. AllcasesunderwentconventionalultrasoundexaminationandCEUSexamination.Characteristics of CEUS in each patients were observed and analyzed using off-line Qontrast software.Parameters of CEUS including peak intensity(PEAK),time to peak(TTP),regional blood volume(RBV),regional blood flow(RBF) were obtained automatically.ResultsComparing with control group,the eutopic endometrium in EMs group presented higher enhancement.The parameters of CEUS,including PEAK,TTP,RBV,RBF were (41.18 ± 3.29) dB,(29.01 ± 4.46) s,(29.07 ± 4.59) ml,(48.61 ± 5.35) ml/min in EMs group and (13.36 ± 2.34)dB,(24.59 ± 2.29)s,(26.51 ±- 3.80)ml,(48.71 ± 3.80)ml/min in controls respectively,the value of PEAK in EMs group was higher than that of controls ( P =0.000).Conclusions CEUS can be regarded as a new method which can be used to assess vascularization of eutopic endometrium in endometriosis.

Objective To explore the effects of aqueous extracts of Codonopsis Radix onD-galactose induced aging model mice; To discuss the anti-aging molecular mechanism of Codonopsis Radix.Methods Subcutaneous injection ofD-galactose solution was used to establish aging models. 100 Kunming mice were divided into normal control group, model group and low-, medium-, high-dose of Codonopsis Radix interventional groups randomly, 20 mice in each group. Low-, medium-, high-dose of Codonopsis Radix interventional groups were given relevant dosage for gavage, while normal control group and model group were given the same volume of NS by gavage for 42 d. After treatment for 42 days, the BUN and CREA in mouse serum were examined; the AffymetrixmiRNA 4.0 microarray was employed to identify the differentially expressed microRNA (miRNA) related with these processes; the bioinformatic tools were also used to further analyze the cluster of miRNA microarrys and the pathways which the target genes of miRNA were involved in.Results Compared with normal control group, the levels of BUN and CREA in mouse serum increased in model group (P<0.05); compared with model group, the levels of BUN and CREA in Low-, medium-, high-dose of Codonopsis Radix interventional groups decreased, in which high-dose of Codonopsis Radix could most significantly inhibit the level of BUN (P<0.05); the cluster analysis showed the miRNA expression profilings of high dose of Codonopsis Radix interventional group and normal control group were brought together, while the profiling of model group was clearly divided with the other groups. In model group vers normal control group, 36 differentiated expressed miRNA showed, which predicated in 10 main biological functions. In high-dose of Codonopsis Radix interventional group vers model group, 34 differentiated expressed miRNAs in high-dose of Codonopsis Radix interventional group showed, and the analytical results of biological functions of target genes were the same as those of model group vers normal control group.Conclusion In the anti-aging process, Codonopsis Radix can not only influence the miRNA expression profiling, but also influence its functional environment.

Objective To evaluate the effects of small interfering RNA (siRNA) against peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PADI4) gene on apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from synovium of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods The siRNA targeting PADI4 was constructed and transfected into FLS cells in RA via LipofectamineTM 2000.The expression level of PDAI4 mRNA was detected by using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR).The protein expression of PADI4,CyclinB1 and P21 was detected by Western blotting.The apoptosis of FLS cells in RA was examined by flow cytometry.The levels of IL-1β were detected by ELISA.T-test was used for statistical analysis.Results siRNA-PADI4 efficiently down-regulated the PADI4 expression compared with control group,1.00±0.20 vs 0.38±0.20 (t=9.607,P＜0.01),0.39±0.23(t=8.394,P＜0.01).FCM analysis showed that the percentage of apoptosis cells in PADI4 siRNA group in FLS was (5.4±0.6)％ (t=-19.223,P＜0.01) and (6.1±0.6)％ respectively (t=-24.229,P＜0.01),which was significantly higher than that in the control group in FLS (1.6±0.3)％.The expression of CyclinB1 protein was decreased,and P21 increased.The concentrations of IL-1β in culture medium of the transfected group were (26.8±0.7) ng/ml (t=-10.747,P＜0.01) and (27.7±0.7) ng/ml (t=-10.967,P＜0.01),higher than the control group [(23.9±0.7) ng/ml].Conclusion After being transfected with PADI4 siRNA,the apoptosis of FLS cells in RA is increased.Our results have demonstrated the potential role of CyclinB1 and P21 in PADI4 signaling.

Objective To evaluate the changes in eutopic endometrial vascularity of endometriosis using three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound.Methods Forty-four women with endometriosis and 51 normal controls were studied by three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound.Eutopic endometrial volume,vascularization index (VI),flow index (FI) and vascularization flow index (VFI) were calculated using VOCAL software.Results In proliferative phase,the mean VI was (5.499 ± 5.153)％ in patients with endometriosis and ( 1.135 ± 1.333) ％ in normal controls ( P ＜0.001 ),the mean FI was (28.832 ± 4.279)dB in patients with endometriosis and (25.544 ± 3.465)dB in normal controls ( P =0.006),the VFI was (1.769 ± 1.981 )dB in patients with endometriosis and (0.321 ± 0.397)dB in normal controls( P =0.002).In secretory phase,the mean VI was (8.693 ± 5.940) ％ in patients with endometriosis and ( 1.014±0.968)％ in normal controls ( P ＜0.001); the mean FI was (30.689 ± 3.632)dB in patients with endometriosis and (24.748 ± 3.811 )dB in normal controls( P ＜0.001 ),the VFI was (2.753 ± 2.044)dB in patients with endometriosis and (0.27 ± 0.293)dB in normal controls( P =0.001 ).Both in proliferative and secretory phase,no significant difference in endometrial volume between the two groups was observed ( P =0.108 and 0.068,respectively).Conclusions Three-dimensional power ultrasound provides a useful tool to investigate eutopic endometrial vascularization of endimetriosis.

Objective To evaluate the value of supersonic shear wave elastrography(SWE) in the diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions.Methods SWE was performed on 134 breast lesions of 123 female patients and 74 normal breast glands to determine the values of overall elastic modulus and dispersion,and ROC curves were used to assess the diagnosis boundary value of two kinds of data respectively.Results According to the diagnostic gold standard-histopathology,the values of overall elastic modulus and dispersion were statistically significant when comparing benign lesions and malignant lesions with normal glands.ROC curve displayed that,when the Youden index reached to maximum,the diagnosis boundary value of overall elastic modulus was 41.01 kPa,the sensitivity and specificity of the value were 68.5％ and 83.8％ respectively; the diagnosis boundary value of dispersion was 12.25 kPa,the sensitivity and specificity of the value were 87.0％ and 88.7％ respectively.Conclusions The values of overall elastic modulus and dispersion for solid breast lesions can be used to reflect the elastic characteristics of lesions quantificationally,which is useful to diagnose benign and malignant breast lesions in clinical.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of BRAF V600E mutation screening of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA)specimens in patients with thyroid nodule. Methods The BRAF V600E mutation status were assessed in FNA specimens of 104 patients with thyroid nodules before operations.The BRAF mutation status,clinical,and pathology records of the patients were reviewed and the associations between these characteristics and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC ) were analyzed.Results Seventy-one PTC and 14 benign thyroid nodules were included in this study.BRAF V600E mutations were found in 57/71 (80%)PTC.All benign thyroid nodules had no BRAF V600E mutation.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of BRAF V600E mutations in differentiation between PTC and benign thyroid nodules were 80%,100%,100% and 50%(P < 0.001 ).In 44 patients with PTC who underwent surgery,the central compartment lymph node metastases and extrathyroidal invasion were not significantly different between BRAF-positive and BRAF-negative PTC (P = 0.283 and 0.307 ).Conclusions BRAF V600E mutation may be a potential tool to facilitate ultrasound in diagnosis of PTC.In patients with PTC,the presence of the BRAFV600E mutation was not significantly associated with prognostic factors.

Objective To investigate the cellular and humoral immune responses and protective effect induced by co-immunization with two multi-epitope combinant antigens. Methods Mice were co-im-munized with the muhi-epitope HCV-T and HCV-E1 antigens three times. Sera antibodies IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a were tested by ELISA. Spleens from BALB/c mice immunized were removed 10 days after the last im-munization. CTL activity was assessed using LDH cytotoxicity assay kit. IFN-γ- and IL-4-secreting cells were quantified using ELISPOT kit. Two weeks after the final immunization, the mice were challenged sub-cutaneously(s, c. ) at the back with 106 SP2/0-NS3 cells, and protective effect was observed. For therapy, 106 SP2/0-NS3 cells were implanted into the back of BALB/c mice. Seven days later, mice were immuniza-tion three times. Therapy effect was observed. Results Co-immunization with HCV-T and HCV-E1 induced high tiers of HCV-El-specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies, and high level of CTL activity. Synergistic effect in frequencies of both specific IFN-γ-secreting cells and IL-4-secreting cells was observed in mice co-immunized. Prophylactic as well as therapeutic administration of mT + mE1 in mice led to protecting mice against SP2/0-NS3 cells. These results suggested that mT + mE1 was potential as a prophylactic as well as therapeutic HCV vaccine. Conclusion Co-immunization with HCV-T + HCV-EI induced protective humor-al and cellular immune response. HCV-T + HCV-E1 was potential as a recombinant HCV vaccine.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging(DWI),3D time of flight magnetic resonance angiography(3D-TOF MRA),and 3D arterial spin labeled MR perfusion imaging(3D-ASL)in the senile ischemic cerebrovascular diseases.Methods Ninety patients with acute cerebral infarction and 69 with transient ischemic attack were retrospectively analyzed based on data of DWI,3DTOF MRA and 3D-ASL MRI.Additionally,60 healthy individuals were recruited as a control group.SPSS 21.0 statistical software was used.Results In 90 acute cerebral infarction(ACI)group,the 3D-ASL MRI showed hypoperfusion in 85 patients,hyperperfusion in 2 patients,and no apparently perfusion abnormality in 3 patients.In 85 hypoperfusion patients,the average hypoperfusion area showed by 3D-ASL MRI was(2 543±1 133)mm2,which was higher than the area of high signal in DWI(817±413) mm2 (P＜0.01),with ASL＞DWI in 83 cases and ASL≈DWI in 2 cases.In 69 transient ischemic attack patients,25 patients had artery stenosis and abnormal ASL,11 patients had artery stenosis and normal ASL,17 patients had normal vascular and abnormal ASL,15 had normal vascular and normal ASL.The accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,and negative predictive value were higher in 3D-TOF MRA combined with 3D-ASL than in their individual inspection(x2=10.35,P＜0.01,P＜0.05),and the rates of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis were lower in 3D-TOF MRA combined with 3D-ASL than in their individual inspection (x2 =4.93,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions ASL,MRA,and DWI can =reflect the different characteristics of the senile ischemic cerebrovascular diseases,and should be used as the standard sequence in geriatric neurology to provide more comprehensive information for the diagnosis and treatment of senile ischemic cerebrovascular disease.