BACKGROUND:There is evidence that internal fixation through an anterior or posterior approach for treatment of severe kyphotic deformity in spinal tuberculosis exhibits good curative effects. However, few prospective, long-term fol ow-up case control studies are reported. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the efficacy and safety of cobalt al oy pedicle screw implantation for treatment of severe kyphotic deformity in spinal tuberculosis. METHODS/DESIGN:This is a prospective, single-center, self-control, open-label trial, which wil be performed at the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, China. Eighty-four patients with severe kyphotic deformity in spinal tuberculosis wil be included according to the diagnosis criteria. Among 52 patients with tuberculosis of the thoracic spine, 28 wil undergo surgery through a posterior approach, and 24 through an anterior approach. According to the Frankel Grade classification, grade C, D and E spinal cord function wil be assessed in 8, 31 and 13 patients, respectively. Surgery through a posterior and anterior approach wil be respectively performed in half of 32 patients with tuberculosis of the lumbar spine. Grade C, D and E spinal cord function wil be assessed in 7, 14 and 11 patients, respectively. The primary outcome measure of this study wil be the Cobb angle at the thoracic spine segments before and 2 years after surgery, which wil be used to evaluate the angle of the spine curvature at the thoracic segments. The secondary outcome measures wil be X-ray scan or MRI findings before and 2 years after surgery, which wil be used to evaluate vertebral fusion after internal fixation;and Frankel Grade before and 2 years after surgery, which wil be used to evaluate recovery of spinal cord function after injury. Other outcome measures wil include multiple logistic regression analysis results of the factors that influence patient's curative effects and the incidence of adverse events 2 years after surgery. The trial protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, China and wil be performed in strict accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, formulated by the World Medical Association. Signed informed consent regarding the trial protocol wil be obtained from each participant. DISCUSSION:This study is to validate that cobalt al oy pedicle screw implantation shows precise curative effects in the treatment of severe kyphotic deformity in spinal tuberculosis and to analyze through what approach, posterior or anterior, internal fixation wil be more beneficial to surgery performance. The outcomes of this study wil provide objective long-term fol ow-up evidence for internal fixation treatment of severe kyphotic deformity in spinal tuberculosis in the clinic.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical characteristics and drug resistance of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) among inpatients in Huaxi Hospital in five years.METHODS We analyzed clinical distribution and resistant data on inpatients infected with MRSA between Jan 2003 and Dec 2007 in Huaxi Hospital,and collected the annual consumption of common used antibiotics,amount of MRSA isolates and MRSA isolated rate from Staphylococcus aureus(SA) strains.The data were analyzed by the method of Spearman analysis in SPSS.RESULTS We analyzed totally 1478 MRSA strains.The most common specimens of MRSA were sputum(70.8%),other secretions(14.2%) and blood(4.6%).The MRSA strains were frequently detected in ICU(29.8%),Department of surgery(17.3%) and Department of respiratory Medicine(6.4%).The drug resistance rate to ampicillin,tetracycline,rifampin,imipenem,ciprofloxacin,gentamicin,cefalothin,cefotaxime and cefazolin were beyond 90% in five years.The drug resistance rate against Erythromycin,Clindamycin and Clarithromycin decreased gradually from 93.1%,92.2% and 95.5% in 2003 to 82.3%,76.7% and 81% in 2007.It had not been found the vancomycin-resistant MRSA.Except Cotrimoxazole,the drug resistance rates of MRSA in ICU were almost higher than those in non-ICU departments.Based on the SPSS analysis,we concludea that annual consumption of etimicin had a positive correlation with MRSA,and

Objective To investigate the effect of high mobility group box‐1(HMGB1) on the migration of vascular smooth cells (VSMCs) and the role of TLR4‐dependent PI3K/Akt pathway in the process .Methods Primary VSMCs were isolated from the thoracic aorta of male SD rats and cultured in vitro .Control group ,TLR4 siRNA transfected group ,control siRNA transfected group and PI3k inhibitor (LY294002) intervention group were stimulated by HMGB1 (0 .1-1 000 .0 ng/mL) .Expression of TLR4 mRNA was detected by RT‐PCR ,protein expression of TLR4 ,Akt ,pAkt ,PI3K were detected by Western blot .Activity of the im‐munoprecipitated PI3K enzyme was assessed in a competitive ELISA .The migration and cell viability of every groups were ob‐served .Results HMGB1 (0 .1 -1 000 .0 ng/mL) stimulated VSMCs migration in a dose‐dependent manner and incubation of VSMCs with 100 ng/mL caused a rapid migration (P< 0 .05) .At the concentrations used ,HMGB1 did not cause any cytotoxic effects (P<0 .05) .Migration of VSMCs toward HMGB1 was significantly inhibited by silencing of TLR4 (P<0 .05) .Pretreated cells with TLR4 siRNA or the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 could markedly block PI3K/Akt pathway activation and VSMCs migration mediated by HMGB1 (both P<0 .05) .Conclusion HMGB1 stimulated VSMCs migration in a dose‐dependent manner and TLR4‐dependent PI3K/Akt signaling pathway played an important role in the migration of VSMCs mediated by HMGB1 .This research indicates that TLR4‐dependent TLR4/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway could be the target in the treatment of obstructive cardiovascu‐lar disease .

BACKGROUND: During the repair of thoracolumbar fracture, pedicle screw fixation is a commonly used treatment method. In the process of fixation, the different approaches can be used. OBJECTIVE: To compare effect and biocompatibility of pedicle screw by percutaneous approach, posterior median approach, and intervertebral space approach for thoracolumbar fracture. METHODS: 118 cases of thoracolumbar fracture were included after pedicle screw fixation. Al patients were divided into three groups according to the approach: posterior median approach group (38 cases), intervertebral space approach group (40 cases) and percutaneous approach group (40 cases). After 12 months of folow-up, perioperative conditions, pain score, vertebral height of anterior border, kyphosis correction effect, adverse events and biological compatibility were compared among three groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Operation time, intraoperative bleeding and time in bed after surgery were shorter or less in the percutaneous approach and intervertebral space approach groups than in the posterior median approach group. Postoperative drainage was better in percutaneous approach and intervertebral space approach groups than in the posterior median approach group (alP < 0.05). Except drainage in the percutaneous approach and intervertebral space approach groups, no significant difference in other indicators was found. (2) Patients received imaging examination at different time points. The percentage of anterior vertebral height and kyphosis were significantly improved immediately after treatment and in final folow-up (alP < 0.05). No significant difference was detected before treatment, immediately after treatment and in final folow-up. (3) Visual Analogue score was identical before treatment. Visual analogue score was lower in the percutaneous approach and intervertebral space approach groups than in the posterior median approach group at 24 hours and 3 days after treatment and in final folow-up (alP < 0.05). No significant difference was detectable at 24 hours and 3 days after treatment and in final folow-up between the percutaneous approach and intervertebral space approach groups. (4) No rejection or wound non-healing was seen at 12 months after treatment. Some patients suffered from mild low back pain, which was improved by active symptomatic treatment. (5) These findings suggest that intervertebral space approach percutaneous approach obtained satisfactory outcomes compared with posterior median approach for treatment of thoracolumbar spine fractures, and good biocompatibility was found.

OBJECTIVE：To syst ematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in the treatment of acute coronary syndrome （ACS）patients in East Asia ，and to provide evidence-based references for clinical drug use. METHODS：Retrieved from Cochrane Library ，PubMed，Embase，CNKI，Wanfang database ，etc.，randomized controlled trials （RCTs）about ticagrelor （trial group ）versus clopidogrel （control group ）in the treatment of ACS patients in east Asia were collected. After literature screening and data extraction ，the quality of included literatures was evaluated by using biasrisk evaluation tool recommended by Co chrane system evaluation manual 5.1.0，and Meta-analysis was performed by using Rev Man 5.3 statistical software. RESULTS ：A total of 5 RCTs were included ，with a total of 4 511 cases. Meta-analysis showed that the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events [OR ＝0.85，95％CI（0.68，1.04），P＝0.12]，the incidence of death from cardiovascular causes [OR ＝0.76，95％CI（0.57，1.03），P＝0.08] and the incidence of stroke [OR ＝0.77，95％CI（0.48，1.24），P＝0.28]， without statistical significance. The incidence of major bleeding events [OR ＝1.54，95％CI（1.19，1.99），P＝0.001] and minor bleeding events [OR ＝1.80，95％ CI（1.40，2.32），P＜0.000 01] in trial group were significantly higher than control group. CONCLUSIONS：Ticagrelor is comparable to clopidogrel in reduce the major adverse cardiovascular events，death from cardiovascular causes and stroke in ACS patients in East Asian ，but it can increase the risk of major and minor bleeding events.