Objective To analyse the imaging characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis(TB) in elder in order to improve its diagnostic accuracy.Methods Radiological and CT fndings of pulmonary tuberculosis in 200 old patients were analysed retrospectively.Results The types of TB in 200 patients were:type Ⅱin 13 cases(6.5%),type Ⅲ in 163 cases (81.5%),accompanied with the pleuritis in 44 cases(22%) and type Ⅳ in 24 cases (12%).The mainly imaging findings included:old lesions in 85 cases(42.5%),exudative and/or multiplicative lesions in 81 cases (40.5%),caseous pneumonia in 47 cases(23.5%),cavitive lesions in 127 cases(63.5%),tuberculoma in 12 cases(6%),miliary nodules in 13 cases(6.5%),TB pleuritis in 68 cases(34%) and enlargement of lymph nodes in 57 cases (28.5%).Conclusion TB in elder is of characteristics of atypical location and unstable morphology.

Objective To study the influence factors of gas enema reduction intussusecption and increase the reduction success rate.Methods The authors retrospectively reviewed the acute intussusception of 198 cases(200 attempts)in childhood treated by automatic intussusception reductor,and exerted by massage with hand .Statistical analysis and discussion were made between reduction success rate and disease duration,the position of apex of intussusception,systemic situation and methods.Results Of 198 cases,ileocolonic intussusception 160 patients(80.8%),Cecocolic intussusception 21 patients(10.6%),colocolonic intussusecption 17 patients(8.6%),air enema reduction rate was 83% overall in childhood with acute intussusception.Statistical analysis indicated that the successful rate of reduction came down by degreess of the intussusception along with the disease duration and from near to far of the location of intussusception.The results were compared using X 2 test (?

Objective To improve the recognition of diabetic pedipathy through analyzing the X-ray findings of 20 cases.Methods Total 850 patients of diabetic mellitus were collected since 1985, of them,there were 20 cases with the complications of osteoarticulation or soft tissue of foot. The X-ray findings combined with clinical information were analysed.Results X-ray characters included:(1) osteoporosis in 20; (2) symmetrical atrophy of diaphysis in 14;(3) osseous absorption and destruction on the distal end of the bones in 11;(4) osteoarthritis in 7;(5) Charcot articulation in 2;(6) soft tissue swelling in 20, 5 of them having calcified vessels in area of metatarsus and phalanx.Conclusion For the patieuts with long-term diabetes without regular treatments, with repeating infection and even developing to obstinate ulceration on foot, the possible of diabetic pedipathy should be concerned. In order to obtain early diagnosis and effective therapy, it is necessary to take X-ray examination.

Objective To explore the main X-ray feature of the non-metallic foreign body in lower respiratory tract in order to improve the diagnostic accuracy.Methods X-ray findings of non-metallic body in lower respiratory in 150 cases proved by tracheobronchoscopy were retrospectively analyzed.The changes of heartshadow,mediastinum pulmotransparency and diaphragm during the procedure of deepbreath were observed under fluoroscoopy in different position,based on that the location of foreign body was evaluated.Results The distribution of foreign bodies in all patients included:38 cases in trachea,81 cases in right bronchus (25 cases in right primary bronchus,4 cases in upper lobar bronchus,5 cases in middle lobar bronchus,47 cases in lower lobar bronchus and segmental brouchus),31 cases in left bronchus (13 cases in left primary bronchus,2 cases in upper lobar bronchus and 16 cases in lower lobar bronchus).Because of the anatomical difference,the foreign bodies usually saw in right lower lobar bronchus.Conclusion Those patients who were suspected with foreign bodies in lower respiratory tract should be routinly examined by X-ray including fluoroscopy which is of important value in localized diagnosis of non-metallic foreign body in lower respiratory tract.

Laser has been used in the treatment of glaucoma for more than twenty years.Its main applications include laser peripheral iridoplasty,laser trabeculoplasty,laser sclerostomy,and laser cyclophotocoagulation. Other applications such as C02 laser filtering surgery and photodynamic therapy(PDT)have just started.In this paper,a review is provided on the present applications of lasers in the treatment of glaucoma including choice of laser,indications,surgery approach and efficacy.The prospect of the future application is also discussed.

Objective:To evaluate whether oral administration of heat shock protein60(HSP60) could induce immune tolerance and its effect on the progression of aortic atherosclerotic plaque in hypercholesterolemic apolipoprotein(apo) E-/-mice.Methods:8 week-old mice were divided into two groups that were orally administrated PBS plus HSP60 and only PBS separately for 5 days,and then a high-cholesterol diet was started 2 days after the last treatment for 12 weeks.Pathological analysis of plaque was performed,and percentage of CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells in the splenocytes was analyzed,proliferation response of the splenocytes to HSP60 was detected and cytokines in the superanant were measured.Results:Compared with control animals,oral tolerance to HSP60 resulted in a significant decrease of atherosclerotic plaques in size.Tolerance to HSP60 induced a significant increase of CD4+CD25+ cells in the spleen.Specific proliferation response of splenocytes to HSP60 was significantly suppressed and TGF-? in the superanant increased while IFN-? decreased significantly.Conclusion:HSP60 specific tolerance can be induced via oral administration of HSP60 which in turn attenuates progression of plaque.This provides a new immunologic approach for treatment of atherosclerosis.

Objective: A correction factor was proposed to improve the accuracy of dose calculation in conventional radiotherapy when filed matching technique was used. Methods:Use the linear accelerator with independent collimator to implement semi-field irradiation under different equivalent-length field. Measure the dose and compare it with the calculation dose. Obtain a correction factor which change follow the equivalent-length through data fitting. Results:There is relationship to indicate the correction factor increase if the field area enlarge;the calculation dose will be close to the measure dose, and the accuracy will improve by correcting;Conclusion:The clinical dose of semi-field irradiation can be calculated by an equivalent square field technique , and then multiplied by the correction factor. it is a simple method to improve the accuracy of dose calculation in conventional radiotherapy by using semi-filed correction factor when filed matching technique was used.

Objective To find effective measures to reduce blood transfusion reactions through retrospective analysis on adverse reactions of blood transfusion .Methods Statistically analyse the the occurrence of adverse transfusion reactions from Jan .2011 to May 2015 .Results The total adverse transfusion reaction rate was 0 .31% (136/43 874) .The adverse reaction rate of cryoprecipi‐tate infusion was the highest(1 .27% ) in all kinds of blood components infusions ,followed by whole blood(0 .56 % ) ,red blood cell suspension(0 .44% ) ,frozen plasma (0 .32% ) ,platelets (0 .27% ) ,leukocyte -depletion red blood cell suspension (0 .00% ) and washed red blood cell(0 .00% ) .When considering the times of blood transfusion ,the reaction rates of once ,twice ,3 times and ≥4 times were 0 .19% ,0 .27% ,0 .66% and 1 .24% respectively .The incidences of adverse reactions caused by different blood transfu‐sion were statistically significant(P< 0 .05) .60 .29% adverse transfusion reactions happened to people with a history of blood transfusion .The most common adverse transfusion reaction was non-hemolytic reaction which accounted for 62 .50% ,followed by allergic reactions accounting for 33 .09% .Conclusion Leukocyte-depletion red blood cells suspension is proved to be safer ,and could reduce the transfusion reactions .Leukocyte-depletion red cell suspension could benefit the patient who needs blood transfu‐sion more than twice .

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