AIM: To investigate and optimize the technology of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of arctiin and arctigenin from Fructus arctii.METHODS: The effects of ultrasonic power,particle size,ratio of liquid to solid,extraction time,extraction temperature and duty factor on the extraction rates of arctiin and arctigenin were investigated,and optimized with orthogonal experiments.RESULTS: The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were as follows: particle 80 ～ 100 mesh 14 mL/g,ratio of liquid to solid 400 W ultrasonic power,50 ℃ of extraction temperature,and 10 min of extraction time.CONCLUSION: The optimized conditions are reasonable and reliable.

Objective To investigate the multiple risk factors for lower extremity lymphedema in patients following treatment of common gynecologic cancers by meta-analysis for systematic analysis and comprehensive quantitative study.Methods Clinical trials published up until August 2016 were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library.The quality of the included studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and data analysis was performed using Stata 14.0 and RevMan 5.3.The strength of the associations between risk factors and gynecologic cancer-related lower extremity lymphedema was described as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results Eighteen studies were included in the meta-analysis, and 8 relevant factors were identified.The risk factors for lower extremity lymphedema after treatment of gynecologic cancer mainly included radiotherapy (OR=2.45, 95%CI:2.05-2.95, P=0.000), FIGO stage (OR=2.29, 95%CI:1.66-3.14, P=0.000), and pelvic lymph node dissection (OR=2.00, 95%CI:1.02-3.91, P=0.040).Conclusions Radiotherapy, FIGO stage, and pelvic lymph node dissection are the main risk factors for lower extremity lymphedema after treatment of gynecologic cancers.

Pronunciation obstacle is one of the characteristics of hearing and speech disabled persons. As the main organ of pronunciation,tongue plays an important role in pronunciation training. If the pronunciation visualization is applied to rehabilitation training, this can make the hearing and speech disabled persons intuitively watch the change of the tongue in the process of pronunciation, which may promote the rehabilitation training. On the basis of tongue anatomical structure and movement characteristics, the common movements of tongue in pronunciation are realized after the establishment of three-dimensional tongue muscle model and the relevant data of the tongue Xray images and electropalatography. Using this kind of visualization technology, we can help correction and rehabilitation for the hearing and speech disabled persons.

Objective　To find out the clinical features and the regular patterns of lung cancer among Yunnan Tin miners and get ready for the further clinical practices. Methods　From 1975 to 1998 the clinical data in 2?261 patients with primary lung cancer from Yunnan Tin Corporation were retrospectively analyzed. Results　The male patients were obviously more than female (male to female was 97.3∶1). The ratio of age ranging from 50 to 69 years old was 74.3％. Of the whole group, 60.4％ was squamous cell carcinoma and 71.4％was in stage Ⅲ or Ⅳ. The 5-year survival rates of the three groups, which were respectively treated with surgical resection, non-surgical therapy and palliatively supporting therapy, were 43.4％, 7.5％ and 1.2％ respectively (P＜0.01). Conclusion　There are some features in patients with lung cancer from Yunnan Tin Corporation. Early diagnosis for lung cancer and healthy quality education will be still important for our future work.

A 20-year-old male patient presented with myalgia of upper limbs and myasthenia of extremities for more than 1 month. Physical examination showed diffuse erythema on the cheeks, upper eyelids, upper chest, neck and dorsa of the hands. The myodynamia of the proximal and distal muscles of upper and lower extremities was grade Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅲ and Ⅴ respectively. Laboratory examinations revealed that the serum levels of creatine kinase, CK-MB and lactate dehydrogenase were 2103 U/L, 83 U/L and 489 U/L respectively, which were all above the normal range. Electromyogram revealed myopathic abnormality and normal nerve conduction velocity. Histopathology of gastrocnemius muscle showed hypertrophy and swelling of muscle fibers, disappearance or fuzziness of transverse striation, and intermuscular lymphoid cell infiltration. A biopsy of the skin lesion from the upper chest showed liquefaction degeneration of and colloid bodies in basal cell layer, perivascular lymphoid cell infiltration in the dermis. A diagnosis of dermatomyositis was established based on the clinical and laboratory findings. After management with intravenous prednisolone 80 mg once daily and symptomatic treatment for 4 weeks, the myodynamia of upper limbs was improved, serum levels of creatine kinase,CK-MB and lactate dehydrogenase reached the normal ranges. However, the myodynamia of lower limbs progressively deteriorated with the emergence of paresthesia. Enhanced MRI scan showed a tumor in the vertebral canal at the level of thoracic vertebra 11 to 12. A spherical encapsulated tumor measuring 3 cm in diameter was surgically removed. The tumor was diagnosed as paraganglioma in vertebral canal according to pathological and immunohistochemical findings. The patient was finally diagnosed with paraganglioma in vertebral canal superimposed on dermatomyositis.

Objective To identify the clinicopathological factors affecting the number of lymph nodes yielded from specimens obtained by laparoscopic?assissted resection of rectal cancer, and discuss further the possible causes of insufficient lymph nodes retrieval (<12) . Methods The clinicopathological data of 422 consecutive rectal cancer cases, who underwent radical laparoscopic rectal resection ( R0) at our department during January to October 2015, were analyzed retrospectively. The correlation between the clinicopathological factors and the number of lymph nodes yielded from the surgical specimens was assessed statistically. Results Age of the patient, length of specimen, tumor size and operating surgeon were significantly associated with the lymph node yield ( all P<0.05) . The total number of lymph nodes yielded in 351 patients without neoadjuvant therapy ranged 8?49, with an average of 22. 5, and the lymph node metastasis rate was 0?100% with an average of 7.6%.The total number of lymph nodes yielded from the 71 patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy ranged 9?70, with an average of 18.3, and the lymph node metastasis rate was 0?73. 0%, with an average of 7. 6%. Neoadjuvant therapy decreased the total lymph node yield obviously (P<0.001), but didn′t decrease the lymph node metastasis rate (P=0.636).Of all the patients investigated, 19 cases had less than 12 dissected lymph nodes, and 403 cases had at least 12 lymph nodes removed. Gender, tumor size and neoadjvant therapy were independent risk factors for yield of twelve or more lymph nodes (all P<0.05). Conclusions Age of the patient, length of specimen, tumor size, operating surgeons and neoadjuvant therapy are significantly correlated with the total number of lymph nodes yielded from laparoscopically resected specimens of rectal cancer. Neoadjvant therapy may obviously decrease the number of yielded lymph nodes, while not decreases the lymph node metastasis rate. Male gender, small size of the tumor, and neoadjvant therapy are possible risk factors for harvesting less than 12 lymph nodes.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of kidney-invigorating and asthma-relieving granules in treating kidney deficiency type of bronchial asthma patients in persistent.Methods:A total of 100 patients with bronchial asthma admitted to Shanghai Municipal Hospital of TCM from March 2020 to August 2020 were selected as the research subjects. The patients were divided into control group and treatment group by random and double blind method, 50 in each group. Both groups were treated by routine basic treatment. The control group was treated with Kidney-invigorating and asthma-relieving Placebo, while the observation group was treated with kidney-invigorating and asthma-relieving granules. All the treatment lasted for 6 weeks. The TCM syndromes scores, Asthma Control Test (ACT) scores, Peak expiratory flow/predicted value (PEF%) and eosinophil in peripheral blood before and after treatment were observed.Results:A total of 91 patients completed the clinical study. There were 45 patients in the control group and 46 in the treatment group. The total effective rate in the treatment group was 93.5% (43/46), while that in the control group was 77.8% (35/45), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=4.579, P=0.032). After the treatment, the scores of integral efficacy on syndromes in Chinese medicine, ACT and PEF% in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( t values were 2.802, 3.420 and 8.938, respectively, all Ps<0.01). The eosinophil in peripheral blood of patients in the treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group ( t=3.481, P=0.001). Conclusion:On the basis of conventional treatment of western medicine, kidney-invigorating and asthma-relieving granules can relieve the clinical symptoms of asthma, improve the control level of asthma, enhance the level of PEF, reduce airway inflammation.

Background: The mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2) inhibitor trametinib has shown promising therapeutic effects on melanoma, but its efficacy on colorectal cancer (CRC) is limited. Synthetic lethality arises with a combination of two or more separate gene mutations that causes cell death, whereas individual mutations keep cells alive. This study aimed to identify the genes responsible for resistance to trametinib in CRC cells, using a synthetic lethal short hairpin RNA (shRNA) screening approach. Methods: We infected HT29 cells with a pooled lentiviral shRNA library and applied next-generation sequencing to identify shRNAs with reduced abundance after 8-day treatment of 20 nmol/L trametinib. HCT116 and HT29 cells were used in validation studies. Stable ring finger protein 183 (RNF183)-overexpressing cell lines were generated by pcDNA4-myc/his-RNF183 transfection. Stable RNF183-knockdown cell lines were generated by infection of lentivi-ruses that express RNF183 shRNA, and small interference RNA (siRNA) was used to knock down RNF183 transiently. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to determine the mRNA expression. Western blotting, immunohistochemical analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to evaluate the protein abundance. MTT assay, colony formation assay, and subcutaneous xenograft tumor growth model were used to evaluate cell proliferation. Results: In the primary screening, we found that the abundance of RNF183 shRNA was markedly reduced after treatment with trametinib. Trametinib induced the expression of RNF183, which conferred resistance to drug-induced cell growth repression and apoptotic and non-apoptotic cell deaths. Moreover, interleukin-8 (IL-8) was a downstream gene of RNF183 and was required for the function of RNF183 in facilitating cell growth. Additionally, elevated RNF183 expression partly reduced the inhibitory effect of trametinib on IL-8 expression. Finally, xenograft tumor model showed the synergism of RNF183 knockdown and trametinib in repressing the growth of CRC cells in vivo. Conclusion: The RNF183-IL-8 axis is responsible for the resistance of CRC cells to the MEK1/2 inhibitor trametinib and may serve as a candidate target for combined therapy for CRC.

Objective To identify the clinicopathological factors affecting the number of lymph nodes yielded from specimens obtained by laparoscopic?assissted resection of rectal cancer, and discuss further the possible causes of insufficient lymph nodes retrieval (<12) . Methods The clinicopathological data of 422 consecutive rectal cancer cases, who underwent radical laparoscopic rectal resection ( R0) at our department during January to October 2015, were analyzed retrospectively. The correlation between the clinicopathological factors and the number of lymph nodes yielded from the surgical specimens was assessed statistically. Results Age of the patient, length of specimen, tumor size and operating surgeon were significantly associated with the lymph node yield ( all P<0.05) . The total number of lymph nodes yielded in 351 patients without neoadjuvant therapy ranged 8?49, with an average of 22. 5, and the lymph node metastasis rate was 0?100% with an average of 7.6%.The total number of lymph nodes yielded from the 71 patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy ranged 9?70, with an average of 18.3, and the lymph node metastasis rate was 0?73. 0%, with an average of 7. 6%. Neoadjuvant therapy decreased the total lymph node yield obviously (P<0.001), but didn′t decrease the lymph node metastasis rate (P=0.636).Of all the patients investigated, 19 cases had less than 12 dissected lymph nodes, and 403 cases had at least 12 lymph nodes removed. Gender, tumor size and neoadjvant therapy were independent risk factors for yield of twelve or more lymph nodes (all P<0.05). Conclusions Age of the patient, length of specimen, tumor size, operating surgeons and neoadjuvant therapy are significantly correlated with the total number of lymph nodes yielded from laparoscopically resected specimens of rectal cancer. Neoadjvant therapy may obviously decrease the number of yielded lymph nodes, while not decreases the lymph node metastasis rate. Male gender, small size of the tumor, and neoadjvant therapy are possible risk factors for harvesting less than 12 lymph nodes.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the early hematologic, cytogenetic and molecular responses in newly diagnosed patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia in chronic phase（CML-CP）and initially treated with a generic imatinib（Xinwei）, manufactured by Jiansu Hansoh Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.

METHODS107 newly diagnosed patients of CML-CP, whose ages were above 18- year- old and who had never received any tyrosine kinase inhibitor（TKI）were treated with Xinwei 400 mg QD. The hematologic, cytogenetic and molecular responses were assessed at 3- and 6-month, and adverse effects were evaluated throughout the study.

RESULTS107 patients were treated with Xinwei for at least 3 months, 54 of them were treated for 6 months or more. At 3- month, the complete hematologic responses（CHR）rate were 98.1%（105/107）; 47/57（82.5%） patients achieved major cytogenetic response（MCyR）, and 20/57 （35.1%） patients complete cytogenetic response（CCyR）; BCR- ABLIS was ≤10% in 77/106 patients （72.6%）, 11 of them（10.4%）achieved major molecular response（MMR, BCR-ABLIS was ≤0.1%）. At 6-month, the CHR rate was 100%（54/54）; 28/39 patients（71.8%）achieved CCyR; BCR-ABLIS was ≤1% in 37/54 patients （68.5% ）, 18 of them （33.3% ） achieved MMR. The grade Ⅲ leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and anemia rates were 19.5%, 23.0% and 13.8%, respectively. No grade Ⅳ hematologic toxicity occurred. The common non- hematologic toxicities were edema（74.7%）, nausea（48.3%）, bone pain（42.5%）, rash（36.8%）, diarrhea（34.5%）, fever（23.0%）, cramp（11.5%）and impaired liver function （3.4%）. No patient experienced grade Ⅳ non- hematologic toxicity. No adverse effects related death occurred.

CONCLUSIONOur results revealed the excellent early haematology, cytogenetic and molecular responses and safety of Xinwei in treating patients with CML-CP.

Anemia ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Cytogenetics ; Drugs, Generic ; Humans ; Imatinib Mesylate ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; Prospective Studies ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; Remission Induction ; Thrombocytopenia ; Treatment Outcome