Ibuprofen/ethyl-cellulose (EC)-polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) sustained-release composite particles were prepared by using supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology. With drug loading as the main evaluation index, orthogonal experimental design was used to optimize the preparation process of EC-PVP/ibuprofen composite particles. The experiments such as encapsulation efficiency, particle size distribution, electron microscope analysis, infrared spectrum (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro dissolution were used to analyze the optimal process combination. The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 40 degrees C, crystallization pressure 12 MPa, PVP concentration 4 mgmL(-1), and CO2 velocity 3.5 Lmin(-1). Under the optimal conditions, the drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of ibuprofen/EC-PVP composite particles were 12.14% and 52.21%, and the average particle size of the particles was 27.621 microm. IR and DSC analysis showed that PVP might complex with EC. The experiments of in vitro dissolution showed that ibuprofen/EC-PVP composite particles had good sustained-release effect. Experiment results showed that, ibuprofen/EC-PVP sustained-release composite particles can be prepared by supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology.

Percutaneous balloon angioplasty and stent placement have been widely used in the treatment of lower limb arteriosclerosis obliterans. However, lower patency rate, in-stent restenosis, stent fracture become critical problems in clinical practice. With the development of endovascular techniques, debulking atherectomy can effectively solve these problems via removing plaque and enlarging lumen capacity. Among debulking atherectomy techniques, laser ablation and directional atherectomy are the main methods in treating arteriosclerosis obliterans. This article reviews the applications and the progresses of the two methods.

Lung cancer despite advancement in the medical field continues to be a major threat to human lives and accounts for a high proportion of fatalities caused by cancers globally. The current study investigated vanillin oxime, a derivative of vanillin, against lung cancer cells for development of treatment and explored the mechanism. Cell viability changes by vanillin oxime were measured using MTT assay. Vanillin oxime-mediated apoptosis was detected in A549 and NCI-H2170 cells at 48 h of exposure by flow cytometry. The CEBP homologous protein (CHOP) and death receptor 5 (DR5) levels were analysed by RT-PCR and protein levels by Western blotting. Vanillin oxime in concentration-dependent way suppressed A549 and NCI-H2170 cell viabilities. On exposure to 12.5 and 15 μM concentrations of vanillin oxime elevated Bax, caspase-3, and -9 levels in A549 and NCI-H2170 cells were observed. Vanillin oxime exposure suppressed levels of Bcl-2, survivin, Bcl-xL, cFLIP, and IAPs proteins in A549 and NCI-H2170 cells. It stimulated significant elevation in DR4 and DR5 levels in A549 and NCI-H2170 cells. In A549 and NCI-H2170 cells vanillin oxime exposure caused significant (p < 0.05) enhancement in CHOP and DR5 mRNA expression. Vanillin oxime exposure of A549 and NCI-H2170 cells led to significant (p < 0.05) enhancement in levels of phosphorylated extracellular-signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Thus, vanillin oxime inhibits pulmonary cell proliferation via induction of apoptosis through tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) mediated pathway. Therefore, vanillin oxime may be studied further to develop a treatment for lung cancer.

Lung cancer despite advancement in the medical field continues to be a major threat to human lives and accounts for a high proportion of fatalities caused by cancers globally. The current study investigated vanillin oxime, a derivative of vanillin, against lung cancer cells for development of treatment and explored the mechanism. Cell viability changes by vanillin oxime were measured using MTT assay. Vanillin oxime-mediated apoptosis was detected in A549 and NCI-H2170 cells at 48 h of exposure by flow cytometry. The CEBP homologous protein (CHOP) and death receptor 5 (DR5) levels were analysed by RT-PCR and protein levels by Western blotting. Vanillin oxime in concentration-dependent way suppressed A549 and NCI-H2170 cell viabilities. On exposure to 12.5 and 15 μM concentrations of vanillin oxime elevated Bax, caspase-3, and -9 levels in A549 and NCI-H2170 cells were observed. Vanillin oxime exposure suppressed levels of Bcl-2, survivin, Bcl-xL, cFLIP, and IAPs proteins in A549 and NCI-H2170 cells. It stimulated significant elevation in DR4 and DR5 levels in A549 and NCI-H2170 cells. In A549 and NCI-H2170 cells vanillin oxime exposure caused significant (p < 0.05) enhancement in CHOP and DR5 mRNA expression. Vanillin oxime exposure of A549 and NCI-H2170 cells led to significant (p < 0.05) enhancement in levels of phosphorylated extracellular-signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Thus, vanillin oxime inhibits pulmonary cell proliferation via induction of apoptosis through tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) mediated pathway. Therefore, vanillin oxime may be studied further to develop a treatment for lung cancer.

Objective:To investigate the differences in the expression of microRNA (miR)-216a and its target gene SerpinB5 at the tissue level, and the effects of miR-216a on the proliferation of different liver cancer cells by regulating the expression of SerpinB5.Methods:Through bioinformatics prediction and selection of miR-216a that regulated SerpinB5. the expressions in liver cancer and normal tissues were detected by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The miR-216a simulacrum and inhibitor, si-Serpinb5 and pcdna3.1-Serpinb5 to HepG2 and MHCC97H (97H) were transfected with liposomes, respectively. Real time PCR and Wester-Blot were used to detect the expression of miR-216a and SerpinB5 before and after transfection, and CCK8 was used to detect the influence of both on the proliferation of liver cancer cells.Results:The expression of miR-216a in human liver cancer tissues was higher than that in adjacent tissues, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.01). The expression of SerpinB5 in human liver cancer tissues was lower than that adjacent tissues, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.01). In HepG2 and 97H, miR-216a inhibitor and SerpinB5 overexpression group showed down-regulated miR-216a expression, which was statistically different from the control group ( P < 0.01). The proliferation of miR-216a inhibitor and pcdna3.1-serpinb5 group was lower than the control group, with statistically significant differences ( P < 0.01). Conclusions:The high expression of SerpinB5 can inhibit the proliferation of liver cancer cells, suggesting that SerpinB5 may have an anti-oncogene effect. MiR-216a may negatively regulate the expression of SerpinB5 and affect the proliferation of HCC cells.

Objective:To evaluate the safety, feasibility and short-term efficacy of totally laparoscopic left colectomy for left colon cancer by using overlapped delta-shaped anastomosis technique for digestive tract reconstruction.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to collect the clinical data of 86 patients with left colon cancer who underwent laparoscopic surgery in Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from October, 2017 to February, 2019. The patients were divided into totally laparoscopic left-sided colectomy (TLLC) (treatment group, n=25 cases) and laparoscopic-assisted left-sided colectomy (LALC) (control group, n=61 cases). The intraoperative and postoperative data were compared between the two groups. Results:There were no surgical-related deaths in both groups. All the patients in the TLLC group underwent laparoscopic resection, while one patient in the LALC group transfer to open surgery. The operation time in TLLC group and LALC group were (164.5±42.3) min and (171.0±43.1) min, respectively, without statistically significant difference ( P=0.516). However, the intraoperative blood loss of patients in the TLLC group was (36.4±22.7) ml, which was significantly less than (52.9±32.2) ml in the LALC group ( P=0.026). The anastomosis time in the TLLC group was (39.1±6.5) min, which was significantly longer than (24.9±5.4) min in the LALC group ( P<0.001). Postoperative exhaust time in the TLLC group was (2.6±0.5) days, which was significantly shorter than (3.3±0.8) days in the LALC group ( P<0.001). The incision length in the TLLC group was (4.2±2.2) cm, significantly shorter than (7.0±2.5) cm in the LALC group ( P<0.001). The length of the resected bowel was (21.0±7.3) cm in the TLLC group, which was significantly longer than (17.5±5.4) cm in the LALC group ( P=0.037). The length of hospital stay in the TLLC group was (6.2±1.9) days, which was significantly shorter than (7.9±1.5) days in the LALC group ( P<0.001). The incidences of postoperative complications in the TLLC group and LALC group were 0 and 4.9% (3/61), respectively, without statistically significant ( P=0.553). No anastomotic complications occurred in both groups. During the follow-up period, neither group of patients was hospitalized again, and no tumor metastasis or recurrence occurred. Conclusions:It is safe and feasible to apply the TLLC with overlapped delta-shaped anastomosis in patients with left colon cancer. It has better short-term effects such as shorter incisions, faster recovery, and shorter postoperative hospital stays, and is worthy of further promotion.

Objective:To evaluate the safety, feasibility and short-term efficacy of totally laparoscopic left colectomy for left colon cancer by using overlapped delta-shaped anastomosis technique for digestive tract reconstruction.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to collect the clinical data of 86 patients with left colon cancer who underwent laparoscopic surgery in Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from October, 2017 to February, 2019. The patients were divided into totally laparoscopic left-sided colectomy (TLLC) (treatment group, n=25 cases) and laparoscopic-assisted left-sided colectomy (LALC) (control group, n=61 cases). The intraoperative and postoperative data were compared between the two groups. Results:There were no surgical-related deaths in both groups. All the patients in the TLLC group underwent laparoscopic resection, while one patient in the LALC group transfer to open surgery. The operation time in TLLC group and LALC group were (164.5±42.3) min and (171.0±43.1) min, respectively, without statistically significant difference ( P=0.516). However, the intraoperative blood loss of patients in the TLLC group was (36.4±22.7) ml, which was significantly less than (52.9±32.2) ml in the LALC group ( P=0.026). The anastomosis time in the TLLC group was (39.1±6.5) min, which was significantly longer than (24.9±5.4) min in the LALC group ( P<0.001). Postoperative exhaust time in the TLLC group was (2.6±0.5) days, which was significantly shorter than (3.3±0.8) days in the LALC group ( P<0.001). The incision length in the TLLC group was (4.2±2.2) cm, significantly shorter than (7.0±2.5) cm in the LALC group ( P<0.001). The length of the resected bowel was (21.0±7.3) cm in the TLLC group, which was significantly longer than (17.5±5.4) cm in the LALC group ( P=0.037). The length of hospital stay in the TLLC group was (6.2±1.9) days, which was significantly shorter than (7.9±1.5) days in the LALC group ( P<0.001). The incidences of postoperative complications in the TLLC group and LALC group were 0 and 4.9% (3/61), respectively, without statistically significant ( P=0.553). No anastomotic complications occurred in both groups. During the follow-up period, neither group of patients was hospitalized again, and no tumor metastasis or recurrence occurred. Conclusions:It is safe and feasible to apply the TLLC with overlapped delta-shaped anastomosis in patients with left colon cancer. It has better short-term effects such as shorter incisions, faster recovery, and shorter postoperative hospital stays, and is worthy of further promotion.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the clinical safety, feasibility and short-term effect of overlapped delta-shaped anastomosis in total laparoscopic transverse colectomy. Methods: The records, which were based on China National Cancer Center, of 20 and 31 patients who underwent total laparoscopic transverse colectomy with overlapped delta-shaped anastomosis and laparoscopic-assisted transverse colectomy with conventional extracorporeal anastomosis, from March 2017 to May 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. Data regarding surgical outcomes, postoperative recovery, pathological outcomes and perioperative complications were collected and compared. Results: There was no difference between the two groups in overall operation time, anastomosis time and intraoperative blood loss (P>0.05), however, the length of incision was significantly shorter in overlapped delta-shaped group [(4.7±0.6) cm vs. (5.5±1.0) cm, P=0.002]. The time to ground activities, first flatus and postoperative hospitalization did not differ between the two groups (P>0.05). The postoperative visual analogue scale was lower in the overlapped delta-shaped group than the control group on postoperative day 1 (3.7±0.7 vs. 4.2±0.9, P=0.015) and postoperative day 3 (2.7±0.5 vs. 3.2±0.9, P=0.040). The perioperative complication rates were 10.0% and 12.9% in the overlapped delta-shaped group and the control group, respectively, and the difference was not significant (P=0.753). Conclusion Compared to conventional extracorporeal anastomosis, total laparoscopic transverse colectomy with overlapped delta-shaped anastomosis was a safe and feasible procedure with satisfactory short-term effect, shorter incision and less postoperative pain.

Objective:To investigate the expression of glutathione peroxidases 4 (GPX4) in colon adenocarcinoma and its relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients.Methods:The data set of colon adenocarcinoma was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to analyze the expression of GPX4 in colon adenocarcinoma tissues and its predictive value for overall survival (OS). A total of 93 colon adenocarcinoma tissues and 87 adjacent mucosa tissues after operation from November 2009 to May 2010 provided by the National Human Genetic Resources Sharing Service Platform were selected. The expression of GPX4 protein was detected by using tissue chip immunohistochemistry. The relations between the expression of GPX4 protein and the clinicopathological features and OS of colon adenocarcinoma patients were analyzed. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the factors affecting the prognosis. The nomogram for predicting OS rate was established and drawn.Results:The analysis of data from TCGA database showed that in 380 cases of colon adenocarcinoma, the expression of GPX4 in colon adenocarcinoma tissues were higher than that in the normal colonic mucosa tissues [the value of fragments per kilobase of exon per million fragments mapped (FPKM): 85.654 (20.351-356.237) vs. 56.230 (48.783-63.931)], and the difference was statistically significant ( Z = -6.150, P<0.05). The OS in GPX4 high-expression group (FPKM ≥83.614) were poorer than that in GPX4 low-expression group (FPKM < 83.614) (median OS time: 84.40 months vs. 94.03 months, 5-year OS rate: 58.6% vs. 72.7%), and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Tissue chip immunohistochemical staining results show that the high-expression rate of GPX4 protein in colon adenocarcinoma tissues was higher than that in adjacent normal tissues [38.0% (35/92) vs. 7.3% (6/82)], and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 22.727, P<0.01); the high-expression rate of GPX4 protein in left colon adenocarcinoma tissues was higher than that in right colon adenocarcinoma tissues [47.2% (25/53) vs. 25.6% (10/39), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 4.42, P = 0.036); the 5-year OS rate of patients in GPX4 high-expression group was lower than that in GPX4 low-expression group (25.7% vs. 57.9%), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 9.051, P<0.05). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis showed that lymph node metastasis (stage N 1-N 3) ( HR = 2.241, 95% CI 1.242-4.046, P = 0.007) and high expression of GPX4 ( HR = 2.783, 95% CI 1.598-4.848, P<0.01) were independent factors affecting the poor prognosis of colon adenocarcinoma patients. The above factors were used to establish a nomogram for predicting the prognosis of patients with colon adenocarcinoma, the C index was 0.739, indicating that the nomogram had good predictive performance. Conclusion:The expression of GPX4 is up-regulated in colon adenocarcinoma tissues, and its high expression is related to the malignant biological behavior of the tumor and poor prognosis.

Objective: To explore the clinical safety and feasibility of enterostomy using running suture of dermis and seromuscular layer in laparoscopic-assisted radical resection for rectal carcinoma. Methods: From May 1, 2017 to May 1, 2018, 46 patients who underwent laparoscopic-assisted radical resection for rectal carcinoma with enterostomy using running suture of dermis and seromuscular layer in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Data regarding clinicopathologic characteristics, operation and postoperative outcomes, stoma-related complications and functions of stoma were collected and analyzed. Results: All of the 46 patients successfully underwent this operation. Among them, 30 patients underwent laparoscopic-assisted abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer with sigmoidostomy and 16 patients underwent laparoscopic-assisted low anterior resection for rectal cancer with loop ileostomy. The mean operation time was 115.3 minutes and intraoperative blood loss was 86.1 ml. The mean time for enterostomy was 14.1 minutes. The average time to flatus, time to fluid diet intake and length of hospital stay were 1.8 days, 2.9 days and 6.5 days, respectively. During the follow-up period, three patients suffered from stomal edema, two patients suffered from parastomal hernia, and two patients suffered from skin inflammation surrounding stoma. None of re-operation related stoma and severe mobility such as stomal stenosis, stomal necrosis, stomal prolapse, stomal retraction and stomal mucocutaneous separation occurred. Thirty-five patients recovered with satisfactory stomal function, two with middle function and one with poor function. Conclusion Enterostomy using running suture of dermis and seromuscular layer in laparoscopic-assisted radical resection for rectal carcinoma is a safe and feasible procedure with a satisfactory short-term effect.