OBJECTIVE: To study on clinical significance of acoustic rhinometry and nasal resistance checks by low temperature radiofrequency ablation on nasal endoscopy operation. METHOD: Application instrument of acoustic rhinometry and nasal resistance meter on 106 cases with moderate to severe persistent nasal obstruction symptoms. These patients are not obvious or invalid after regular drug treatment. The preoperative and postoperative six months, with the nasal mucosa contraction before and after by inspect respectively,also record nasal resistance (NR), nasal minimum cross-sectional area (NMCA), distance of the minimal cross-sectional area to the nostril (DCAN), mean nasal cross-sectional area (MNCA), nasal cavity from volume (NCV). The other 36 cases of healthy people as a control group. Before and after nasal mucosa contraction by inspect. Two sets of data were statistically analyzed with SAS6.12. The efficacy evaluation of radiofrequency ablation by improve the extent and visual analog scale (VAS) score, with the patient's subjective symptoms. RESULT: The group of preoperative rhinitis treatment NR higher than the controls significantly, the NMCA significantly lower than the control group (P< 0.01). The group of postoperative by radiofrequency ablation and rhinitis treatment was 100%, postoperative VAS scores were decreased compared with pre operative (P < 0.01). The group of rhinitis treatment NR was significantly lower than the preoperative, and NMCA significantly increased compared with the preoperative (P < 0.01). Before and after nasal contraction in the same group, NR and NMCA was no difference (P > 0.05). The NR and NMCA of the postoperative in rhinitis treatment group was no difference compared with the control group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Low temperature radio frequency ablation by nasal endoscopy operation had a significant improvement of nasal ventilation functions for patients with moderate to severe chronic rhinitis, acoustic rhinometry and nasal resistance can be an objective and accurate evaluation to this operation.
Adult ; Airway Resistance ; Case-Control Studies ; Catheter Ablation ; methods ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Hypothermia, Induced ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Obstruction ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Rhinitis ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Rhinometry, Acoustic ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective This study compares a dual-freeze protocol with a triple freeze protocol for hepatic cryoablation in the Tibetan pig model.Method Cryoablation with a dual-(10-5-10-5 min)and triple-freeze (5-5-5-5-10-5 min) protocol for the normal livers of 9 Tibet pigs was performed under exposed operation.Temperature changes of cryoprobes and diameter changes of iceballs were measured during the ablation,and seven days later the pathological changes of cryozones were reviewed and the surface and depth cryolesions were measured.Results Compared with cryoablation with two freeze-thaw cycles,there was a greater iceball diameter for cryoablation by three freeze-thaw cycles.Also,seven days after cryosurgery,there were similar surface and deep cryolesions in dual-and triple-freeze protocols.Pathologically,the triple freezing protocol was associated with a longer zone of complete necrosis.Conclusions With the same freezing time (20 min),the triple-freeze protocol may become a more powerful liver-ablation method in cryosurgical application.

Objective: To analyze the activation of brain regions associated with olfactory in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by olfactory functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods: Twenty six patients with MCI were compared with twenty six controls in the dementia center of Tianjin HuanHu hospital in terms of olfactory function T&T testing, the differences between the activation of the whole brain and region of interest associated with olfactory (bilateral primary olfactory cortex(POC), bilateral hippocampus, bilateral orbital frontal gyrus) by olfactory stimulator using event correlation design for olfactory fMRI scanning. To analyze the correlation between the number of activator in POC and the threshold of olfactory discriminate as well as the severity of cognitive impairment.SPSS 19.0 software was used for the statistical analysis. Results: T&T olfactory testing revealed that MCI patients had higher scores than controls (3.57±1.29 (±s) vs 1.02±0.35, t=4.372, P<0.05). The activation range of whole brain in MCI patients was less than controls (pleasant odor (po) 147.36±21.45 vs 323.11±39.76, unpleasant odor (upo) 201.86±24.93 vs 447.73±57.22, t_po=4.241, t_upo=5.365, both P<0.05). The activation range of whole brain in inhaling unpleasant odor was more than pleasant odor in controls (447.73±57.22 vs 323.11±39.76, t=3.936, P<0.05). The number of activator in ROI_awo in MCI patients was less than controls (pleasant odor (po) 51.0[8.0, 109.0](M[P₂₅, P₇₅]) vs 135.0[21.0, 321.5], unpleasant odor (upo) 65.0[6.0, 158.0]vs 205.0[36.5, 491.0], Z_po=-2.199, Z_upo=-2.216, both P<0.05). The number of activator in POC in MCI patients was less than controls (pleasant odor (po) 19.0[4.0, 35.5]vs 46.0[9.0, 118.5], unpleasant odor (upo) 26.0[2.0, 51.0]vs 79.0[17.5, 189.0], Z_po=-1.898, Z_upo=-2.167, both P<0.05). The number of activator in POC was negatively correlated with olfactory discriminate threshold in MCI patients (r_po=-0.415, r_upo=-0.409, both P<0.05). The number of activator in POC was positively correlated with MoCA in MCI patients (r_po=0.289, r_upo=0.296, both P<0.05). Conclusion Olfactory fMRI can objectively assess the olfactory function in MCI, it is a imaging indicator with neuropsychological tests for detection in MCI, the number of activator in POC can reflect the severity of MCI.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli（ETEC）infection can induce watery diarrhea，leading to dehydration，electrolyte disturbance，and even death in severe cases. Recombinant B subunit/inactivated whole-cell cholera（rBS/WC）vaccine is effective in preventing ETEC infectious diarrhea. On the basis of the latest evidence on etiology and epidemiology of ETEC，as well as the effectiveness，safety，and health economics of rBS/WC vaccine，National Clinical Research Center for Child Health（The Children’s Hospital，Zhejiang University School of Medicine）and Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention invited experts to develop expert consensus on rBS/WC vaccine in prevention of ETEC infectious diarrhea. It aims to provide the clinicians and vaccination professionals with guidelines on using rBS/WC vaccine to reduce the incidence of ETEC infectious diarrhea.

Post-traumatic tetanus is the main type of non-neonatal tetanus. To reduce the incidence and mortality rate of tetanus and guide the primary medical institutions to prevent and control tetanus after trauma, National Immunization Planning Technical Working Group of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention has compiled this document in the reference with Position Paper by World Health Organization, the latest research progress from home and abroad. The guidelines focus on the basic procedures for the prevention and disposition of post-traumatic tetanus, the application of tetanus vaccines and immune preparation, and the pre-exposure immunization in high-risk populations of trauma.