Objective To observe the effect and safety of dezocine and tramadol for the prevention of shive-ring in cesarean section.Methods According to the digital table,240 routine cesarean mothers (both epidural anesthesia,ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ)were randomly divided into three groups,each group in 80 cases.After the completion of combined spinal epidural,group A received verdict preventive maternal supine dezocine intravenous 0.1 mg/kg(dilu-ted to 20mL with saline),group B for prophylactic intravenous tramadol 1 mg/kg(with saline diluted to 20mL),group C(control group)received normal saline 20mL,continuous monitoring of perioperative respiratory,circulation chan-ges,maternal chills,adverse reactions and Apgar score were observed and recorded.Results The incidence of post-anesthetic shivering maternal of group A and group B were 5.0%,7.5% respectively,while the rate was 60% in group C,there was significant difference between group A and group B(H=3.418,P=0.019);,but the maternal nausea and vomiting incidence of group B(45.0%)was significantly higher than those of group A(10.0%)and group C(7.5%)(χ2 =11.491,P=0.021).There were no statistically significant differences in neonatal Apgar score among three groups(F=10.062,P=0.017).Conclusion Tramadol and dezocine can effectively prevent shivering during cesarean section and had no effect on the Apgar score,but tramadol incidence of nausea and vomiting was sig-nificantly higher than that of Dezocine,which is recommended for clinical use to rank and file Sim prevent cesarean section shivering response.

Objective To compare the effects of misoprostol and carboprost methylate suppository in painless artificial abortion.Methods 164 early pregnant women who were voluntary termination of pregnancy row painless surgery and no surgery contraindications were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group,82 cases in each group.The observation group was given misoprostol 400μg in vaginal vault 1 h before surgery.Intravenous injection fentanyl 50μg,continuous intravenous injection propofol 2.0mg/kg,stopping the treatment when eyelash reflex disappeared,if necessary,additionally given propofol 0.5mg/kg.The control group was given carboprost methylate suppository(1mg) into the vaginal vault 1h before surgery,the other treatment was same as the observation group.The intraoperative BP,HR,RR,SPO2 were monitored,the cervical laxity,the total amount of propofol,operation time,recovery time,patient and surgeon satisfaction rate were recorded.Results Surgery time,recovery time,the total amount of propofol of the observation group [(3.5 ± 1.2) min,(1.9 ± 0.7) min,(105 ± 10) mg] were significantly less than the control group [(6.5 ± 1.7)min,(3.7 ± 0.6)main,(149 ± 14)mg],the relaxation of the cervix in the observation group (markedly effective in 69 cases,effective in 13 cases,ineffective in 0 case) were better than the control group (markedly effective in 52 cases,effective in 21 cases,ineffective in 9 cases).Conclusion Propofol,fentanyl compared with misoprostol combination carboprost methylate suppository had obvious cervical relaxation,significantly reducing the time dilation of the cervix,a small phenol propofol dosage,shortening the patients' recovery.time,improve the safety and satisfaction of the operation.

Radiotherapy is the main way to treat the Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. But there are a lot of serious complications, the most common one of then is radioactive xerostomia. It seriously affect the patients's quality of life, even make patients change or stop their radiotherapy. It is extremely important to prevent and treat xerostomia caused by radiotherapy.
Carcinoma ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; complications ; radiotherapy ; Quality of Life ; Radiotherapy ; adverse effects ; Xerostomia ; etiology ; prevention & control

OBJECTIVE To study the synchronous electromyograhic features of suprahyoid muscles [anterior digastric muscle(AD), posterior digastric muscle(PD),stylohyoid muscle(STH),mylohyoid muscle(MH)and geniohyoid muscle(GH)] and intrinsic laryngeal muscles [lateral cricoarytenoid muscle(LCA)and posterior cricoarytenoid muscle(PCA)]. METHODS Synchronous electromyograhic features of 13 dogs were observed under the circumstances of breath, swallowing and phonation. RESULTS ①AD, PD, STH, MH, GH and PCA discharged during inspiratory phase, while LCA discharged during expiratory phase. ②During swallow, suprahyoid muscles and LCA showed intensive synchronous discharge. The myoelectricity of PCA was suppressed while myopotential can be detected during intermission. ③During phonation, AD, PD, LCA and PCA showed an intensive synchronous discharge, while emergence time of PCA was later. GH and STH showed no myoelectricity activities. CONCLUSION①During phonation and swallowing, MH is synchronized with LCA. It can be chosen as the backup muscle for the reestablishment of glottic adduct function. ②During inspiratory phase, GH is synchronized with PCA. It can be chosen as the backup muscles for the reestablishment of vocal cord abduct function.

Objective:To report the characteristic of clinical manifestation and cell immunophenotype in cases with primary extra-nodular non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma(PE-NHL) in head and neck.Methods.One hundred and fifteen patients with PE-NHL in head and neck were reviewed,which were diagnosed by pathology in the pas ten years.The features of clinical manifestation and cell immunophenotype in these patients wre analyzed.Results:Twenty to forty years old was most common (42.0%) ages range in the group of patients with PE-NHL.Nasal cavity was the most commonly involved site (36.6%,42/115), next the PE-NHL respectively occurred in nasopharynx(26.1%,30/115),tonsilla(20.1%,24/115) and oral cavity (8.7%,10/115).Only in a few cases the PE-NHL occurred in oroharynx,laryngopharynx and larynx.The patients mainly showed the symptoms of primary lesion located.The lump,ulcer or both signs were observed on primary position,the lump was the most common sign.Cell immunophenotype resulte displayed 51.2% of the PE-NHL originating from T cells,48.8% originating from B cells.Most of nasal PE-NHL originated from T cells ,while most of tonsilla and oral PE-NHL originated from B cells.About half of nasopharyngeal PE-NHL originated from T cells,another half origiated from B cells.Conclusion:The PE-NHL in head and neck mostly occurred in nasal cavity ,then occurred in nasopharynx,tonsilla and oral cavity.The clinical manifestation in the patients with the PE-NHL lacked characteristic symptoms.Sometimes these PE-NHL were confused with other malignant tumours in primary position,which were easily made a misdiagnosis.Therefore discrimination and diagnosis have to be made by pathology and immunohistochemistry.

Coronary heart disease(CHD) is the leading cause of death among women worldwide.Recent technological advances in cardiovascular diagnosis and treatment have not led to significant declines in mortality for women with CHD when compared to the dramatic declines for men.Owing to the gender differences of physiology and social circumstances,women with CHD may have different manifestations as compared to men with CHD.Recently,research has shown that women with CHD had mainly the following characteristics:special risk factors,atypical ischemia symptoms,multiple risk factors and comorbidities at initial physician consultation,higher under-treatment rate and higher mortality rate.At the same time,most CHD researches have paid little attention to women.Therefore,the current CHD guidelines may not be completely suitable for women.In order to improve the prevention and treatment of CHD in women,we advocate to enhance research and clinical work for women with CHD. Abstract:Summ ary:Coronary heart d isease(CHD) is the lead ing cause of death among wom en worldw ide.Recent technological advances in card iovascu lar d iagnosis and treatm ent have not led to sign ificant dec lines in mortality for wom en w ith CHD when compared to the dram atic dec lines form en.Ow ing to the gender d ifferences of physiology and soc ial c ircum stances,wom en w ith CHD m ay have d ifferent m an ifestations as compared to m en w ith CHD.Recently,research has shown that wom en w ith CHD had m ain ly the follow ing characteristics: spec ial risk factors,atyp ical ischem ia symptom s,mu ltip le risk factors and comorb id ities at in itial physic ian consu ltation,h igher under-treatm ent rate and h igher mortality rate.At the sam e tim e,most CHD researches have paid little attention to wom en.Therefore,the current CHD gu idelines m ay not be comp letely su itab le forwom en.In order to improve the prevention and treatm ent of CHD in wom en,we advocate to enhance research and c lin ical work for wom en w ith CHD.

NPC is a high incidence of malignant tumors of the head and neck, and is currently used mainly radiotherapy based, supplemented by a comprehensive treatment of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, which have serious complications and serious impact on the treatment of patients and quality of life. Polyphenols are the main component of tea. Studies have shown that tea polyphenols have a significant anti-tumor effect of im proving the effect of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, reducing radiation damage, reducing conventional chemo therapy drugs IC50 and reducing the complications of chemotherapy. Tea polyphenols in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma has also made great progress. It has a strong inhibition of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, and can greatly reduce the occurrence of xerostomia after radiotherapy, which is of important clinical research value.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Carcinoma ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; Polyphenols ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Radiation-Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Tea ; chemistry

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/serine-threonine kinase (PI3K/AKT)has been found playing an important role in the pathogenesis of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP)in recent years,but the underlying mechanism has not been clarified.Aims:To investigate the role of PI3K/AKT in regulating the inflammatory response in SAP by evaluating the effect of insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ (IGF-Ⅰ)and wortmannin,the agonist and inhibitor of PI3K/AKT on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)signaling pathway in macrophage cell line RAW264.7.Methods:RAW264.7 cells were treated with different concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS ), IGF-Ⅰ and wortmannin, respectively, and cell viability was determined by CCK-8 assay.RAW264.7 cells were divided into blank control group (no treatment),LPS group (LPS 1 μg/mL),IGF-Ⅰ group (IGF-Ⅰ 100 ng/mL +LPS 1 μg/mL),wortmannin group (wortmannin 100 nmol/L +LPS 1 μg/mL)and IGF-Ⅰ +wortmannin group (wortmannin 100 nmol/L +IGF-Ⅰ 100 ng/mL +LPS 1 μg/mL).Protein expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-6 (IL-6)were detected by ELISA;mRNA expressions of TLR4,myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88),AKT,PI3K,p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK)and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)were determined by real-time PCR.Results:After treated with LPS,IGF-Ⅰand wortmannin, respectively,no differences in cell viability of RAW264.7 cells were found between different concentrations groups (P>0.05).Protein expressions of TNF-αand IL-6 in LPS,IGF-Ⅰ,wortmannin and IGF-Ⅰ +wortmannin groups were significantly higher than those in blank control group (P<0.05 ).Protein expressions of TNF-αand IL-6 in wortmannin group were significantly lower than those in LPS and IGF-Ⅰ groups (P<0.05),and those in IGF-Ⅰ+wortmannin group were significantly lower than those in IGF-Ⅰ group (P<0.05).In LPS group,mRNA expressions of AKT and PI3K as well as TLR4 and its downstream molecules MyD88,p38MAPK and NF-κB were significantly higher than those in blank control group (P <0.05 ).Expressions of all above-mentioned mRNAs in IGF-Ⅰ group were further increased and significantly higher than those in LPS group (P<0.05).Expressions of all above-mentioned mRNAs in wortmannin group were significantly lower than those in LPS and IGF-Ⅰ groups (P<0.05 ),and those in IGF-Ⅰ+wortmannin group were significantly higher than those in wortmannin group (P<0.05),but significantly lower than those in IGF-Ⅰ group (P<0.05).Conclusions:PI3K/AKT might regulate TLR4 signaling pathway and its downstream molecules in macrophages, thereby affects the expressions of inflammatory cytokines and being involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory response in SAP.

Objective: To compare the advantage of tympanogram, Morimitsu＇s method and Tubotymanoaerodynamic graphy (TTAG) in the confirmation of patulous eustachian tube syndrome. Method :Twenty ears with patulous eustachian tube syndrome diagnosed clinically were selected. The tympanogram, Morimitsu＇s method and TTAG were examined in these ears and the positive rate was estimated. Result:The confirmation of patulous eustachian tube syndrome by tympanogram,Morimitsu＇s method and TTAG was 5,12 and 20 ears in 20 ears with patulous eustachian tube syndrome. The positive rate was 25％,60％ and 100％ respectively. TTAG also was useful in following-up. Conclusion:TTAG is an important method for diagnosis and following-up in patulous eustachian tube syndrome.

Objective To explore the protective effect of Tea polyphenols(TP) on radiation injury in submandibular glands. Methods Sixty rats were randomly divided into radiation group(R-group) and tea polyphenols combined radiation group (TPR-group), both groups were irradiated with a single exposure of 15 Gy γ-rays delivered to the head and neck area. The rats were intragastrically administered with normal sodium or TP from 14 days before radiation to the experiment ended. On day 3, day 6 and day 30 after radiation, ten submandibular glands glands were taken from each groups. TUNEL method was used to examine the apoptosis of submandibular glands cells and immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the Bcl-2 and the Bax expression in the glands. The morphologic changes of submandibular glands were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Results Apoptosis index in the cell of submandibular glands were significant decreased on days 3, days 6 and days 30 after irradiation, compared with R-group ( F = 56.383, P ＜ 0.01 ). Expression of Bcl-2 and Bax were not significant difference between the two groups. The lesions of submandibular glands in TPR-group were lighter and the apoptosis in cell nuclear were not typical than that of R-group from electron microscope study. Conclusion TP could protect the sumandibular glands against radiation injuries and the mechanism might be realized with the anti-apoptosis in the glands cell.