The function of metabotropic glutamate receptor(mGluRs) in stress response was increasingly gaining recognition. The mGluRs can regulate the level of glucocorticoid(GC), the neurotoxin of glutamate and synaptic plasticity (LTP,LTD). So it may play an important role in stress response. The function of distinct type of mGluRs is different. Their mechanisms in stress response are very complex. So it is very essential to study the function of mGluRs in stress. Furthermore we can explore a new type drug targeting at mGluRs to cure the stress damage.-

Objective To observe the clinical effect and side-effect of low molecular weight beparin (LMWH) and simvastatin on patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI). Methods 80 cases of AMI were randomly divided into simvastatin with low-molecular-weight heparin treatment (joint group) 40 cases and nitrates drug treatment( conventional group) 40 cases Au the patiants were observed before and after treatment for serum inflammatory factor,quantitative gated tomography,Holter and analysis of the effectbefore and after treatment. Results The conventional group and joint group after the treatment of TC, TG, LDL, HDL-C, hs-CRPs, CD40L levels were decreased than before treatment (t=2. 131, t = 2. 211, t = 2. 235, t = 2. 211, t = 2. 115, t = 2. 274, both P＜0. 05 ) ; the joint group after treatment bs-CRP, sCD40L significantly declined than conventional group (t = 2. 231, t = 2. 245, both P＜0. 05 ) ;conventional group of IMT dropped 1.1% lower than the 3.4% of the joint group ( X2 = 4. 01,P＜0. 05 ) ; conventional treatment group plaque score 11.5% higher than the combined group plaque score decreased 16. 9% (X2 =4. 25 ,P＜0. 05) ;joint group after treatment,a few soft spots(7. 7 %) lower than before treatment(28.2%) (X2 = 6. 78,P＜0. 01) ;the joint group of EDV,ESV,EF after treatment decreased significantly than before treatment (t =2. 221 ,t =2. 342 ,t = 2. 245, P＜0. 05) ; conventional treatment group and joint group after the number of ischemic attack, ST above the largest decrease, ST segment depression was significantly lower than the time before treatment(t=2. 731 ,t=2. 781, t=2. 785,t=2. 781, t=2. 815, t=2. 874, both P＜0. 01);joint total effective rate 90. 0% higher than the conventional group 67.4% (X2=4. 25,P＜0. 05 ). Conclusion Simvastatin combined with LMWH have good effect in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of regulatory and non-coding RNA molecules which are longer than 200 nucleotides. They are involved in a variety of biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis mainly by regulation of gene expression at various levels, including epigenetics, transcription and post-transcription. The evidence has demonstrated that many lncRNAs are dysregulated and closely related to tumorigenesis, progression and prognosis in gastric cancer. Based on an introduction to lncRNAs and the domestic and foreign research status, this review summarizes the function, regulatory mechanisms, potential diagnostic and therapeutic values of lncRNAs in gastric cancer.

Background Study confirmed that the active microglia may injure retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in retinal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI), and increased cx3cr1 expression is an important factor in microglial activation,and thus blocking the expression of cx3cr1 can inhibit microglial activation, which may be useful in neuronal protection.Objective This study was to analyze the protective effects of cx3cr1 antibody on retinal neuron in rat eyes with IRI.Methods Ninety SD rats were divided into 4 groups according to random number table.IRI models were established by perfusing normal saline solution into the anterior chamber.The cx3cr1 antibody of 1 μl (0.2 μg/μl) was intravitreally injected in the right eyes in the normal rats or model rats as the only cx3cr1 antibody injected group and the model cx3cr1 antibody injected group,respectively,and no any drug was injected in the rats of the normal control group and model control group.Retinal sections were prepared 48 hours after modeling, and apoptosis of retinal neutron was observed under the transmission electron microscope;the morphology of retinas was exmined and the number of survival RGCs was calculated by histopathologic method.The expression of CD68 in activated retinal microglial cells was detected by immunochemistry, and the relative expression levels of cx3cr1 mRNA,tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-ct) mRNA and interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β) mRNA in the retinas were assayed by real time quantitative PCR.Results The cell nucleus of RGCs showed the round and ellipse in shape and there were abundant organelles in the cells.The mophology of photoreceptors was normal with abundant mitochondrions.Irregular cell shape, disrupture of outer segment membranous disc, proliferative microglial cells in RGC layer were seen in the model group.However,these findings were mild in the model cx3crl antibody group.The mean number of survival RGCs was (38.100 ± 3.929), (37.200 ± 5.266), (26.700 ± 2.584) and (31.700 ± 2.946)/field in the normal control group,only cx3cr1 antibody injected group, model control group and model cx3cr1 antibody injected group,showing significant differences between the model group and the normal control group, only cx3cr1 antibody injected group or model cx3cr1 antibody injected group (t =7.492,6.125,-4.607, all at P＜0.01).The expression levels (absorbance) of CD68 in rat retinas were significantly higher in the model group than those in the normal control group, only cx3cr1 antibody injected group and model cx3cr1 antibody injected group (t =-3.397 ,P =0.008;t =-6.207 ,P =0.000;t =3.494, P =0.007).The relative expression levels of cx3cr1 mRNA, TNF-α mRNA and IL-1 β mRNA in rat retinas were raised in the model group compared with the only cx3er1 antibody injected group and model cx3cr1 antibody injected group (all at P＜0.01).No significant differences were observed in these indicators between the normal control group and the only cx3crl antibody injected group (all at P＜0.05).Conclusions Intravitreal injection of cx3cr1 antibody to neutralize cx3cr1 levels in retinas can effectively inhibit the activation of retinal microglia,decrease the release of inflammatory factors, reduce the apoptosis of RGCs and thereby protect the retinal neutrons against IRI in SD rats.Intravitreal injection of cx3cr1 is safe and feasible.

Objective: To observe the clinical effects of a modified Tuina method in the treatment of childhood diarrhea. Methods: Thirty children with diarrhea of spleen deficiency were treated by Four-Step Tuina(treatment group); and control group was treated with routine Tuina methods. The scale of children diarrhea was used as an objective index for therapeutic effect evaluation. Results: After treatment, the scale was 1.4±1.92 in treatment group and 3.3±3.45 in control group; the statistical analysis showed that there was a difference between the scales; the treatment group had better effects than control group, in another word, the Four-Step Tuina was quite effective for children diarrhea. Conclusion: Tuina has positive effects on children diarrhea of spleen deficiency, which provides evidences for the standardization of clinical therapeutic effects.

BACKGROUND:Long-term patency rate of smal-caliber artificial blood vessels is stil the most important issue to be solved.
OBJECTIVE:To review the materials and fabrication technologies of smal-caliber artificial blood vessels as wel as endothelialization of smal-caliber artificial blood vessels.
METHODS:A computer-based search of PubMed (2000-2013) and Wanfang database (2003-2013) was done for relevant articles using the key words of“smal-caliber, vascular graft, electrospun, layer-by-layer assembly, endothelialization”in English and Chinese, respectively. A total of 125 articles were retrieved, and final y, 41 were included for further analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At present, smal-caliber vascular graft materials include natural biological materials, biodegradable polymers, composite materials and xenogeneic biomaterials. Preparation technologies of smal-caliber artificial blood vessels mainly include electrospinning, self-assembly, rapid prototyping, and gel spinning. Numerous methods can elicit endothelialization of smal-caliber artificial blood vessels, but each method has its flaws and cannot ensure long-term patency radical y. With the development and diversification of preparation technologies and in-depth study of endothelialization of vascular prostheses, the long-term patency of smal-caliber artificial blood vessels wil gradual y be resolved.

Corticotropin-releasing hormone(CRH) is the key regulator during stress reaction which integrates endocrine,autonomic,immune and behavioral responses to stressors.Receptors mediating the action of CRH have been identified as CRH-R1,CRH-R2 and CRH-R3.In the process of stress reaction,CRH mainly interacts with CRH-R1 and CRH-R2,producing multiple physiological and pathological effects.In recent years,by employing transgenic animals,selective CRH-receptor antagonists and special CRH-receptor agonists,the effect of CRH receptors on stress reaction and its mechainisms have been deeply realized.

【Objective】To investigate the antianxietic action of Xiaoyao San(XS)and Dan Zhi Xiaoyao San(DZXS).【Methods】 Wistar rats were randomized into 5 groups: model control group,high-and low-dose DZXS groups(14.4?g/kg and 7.2?g/kg respectively),and high-and low-dose XS groups(21.06?g/kg and 10.53g/kg respectively).Social interaction test and open-field test were carried out to observe the antianxietic action of XS and DZXS.Except that the model group was given normal saline,the rats in other groups were given the corresponding drugs according to the experimental design for 14 successive days.After treatment,the activities within 5 min were monitored by two observers and then the mean value were calculated.【Results】High-and low-dose DZXS prolonged rats social interaction time and increased the times of body erection and dressing their hair,and low-dose XS also increased the times of body erection and dressing their hair(P

【Objective】To investigate the effects of Dan Zhi Xiaoyao San(DZXS) and its extracts on hypothalamic corticotropin releasing hormone(CRH) and plasma corticosterone(CORT) in rats with chronic psychological stress.【Methods】Wistar rats were randomized into 6 groups: A(normal control),B(model control),C (extract of DZXS extracted by water extraction and alcohol precipitation,3.608?g/kg),D(extract of DZXS extracted by petroleum ether,0.087?g/kg),E(extract of DZXS extracted by polysaccharide,2.20?g/kg) and F(DZXS 14.4?g/kg).Except group A,the rat models of chronic multi-phase psychological stress were established in other groups by improved Cart method.Groups A and B were given normal saline,and groups C,D and E were given the corresponding drugs according to the experimental design.Hypothalamic CRH and plasma CORT contents were examined to explore the therapeutic mechanism.【Results】Compared with group A,hypothalamic CRH and plasma CORT contents were increased in group B;hypothalamic CRH content was decreased in groups C,E and F(P