Urinary system often requires the restoration and reconstruction due to the impairments resulting from the congenital abnormality or acquired damage. Previously, some of autologous tissues are used as the substitutes of the restoration, but they are unsatisfactory regarding the complicated sampling, limited resources and many complications, as well as the inefficient structure and function of original tissues and organs. With the development of tissue engineering techniques, the tissue-engineered scaffold materials have provides a novel method for the restoration and reconstruction of urinary system. According to the sources, the tissue- engineered scaffold materials can be divided into artificially synthesized scaffolds, native scaffolds and extracellular matrix materials. Native scaffold materials carry good biocompatibility and low antigenicity, but their sources are little. Artificially synthesized scaffold materials are excellent in the physico-mechanical property, but some of them such as polylactic acid are absent to the specific information recognized by the cells, thus losing the cellular affinity. In contrast, extracellular matrix materials are better in the biocompatibility for the local urinary tissues. However, they are observed for only a short term, further researches needs to focus on the side effect or adverse reaction in vivo. In this study, three kinds of tissue-engineered scaffold materials have been introduced and their application characteristics in the restoration and reconstruction of urinary system are also analyzed, as well as their application prospect.

Gallbladder cancer is the most common malignancy of biliary tract with a very poor prognosis. The therapeutic strategy of gallbladder cancer has been improved in some aspects. Identifying the accurate stage is the basis of surgical treatment. Radical resection is the only choice of treatment which provides patients long survival. For most patients in T1a stage, simple cholecystectomy is adequate, but dissection of hepatoduodenal ligament should be added when the lesions located in neck and duct of gallbladder. Patients in T1b stage often need radical cholecystectomy. Radical cholecystectomy with Ⅳb and Ⅴ segmentectomy and lymphadenectomy of N2 nodes should be performed to patients in T2 stage. Extended right lobe resection can improve the prognosis of selected T3 and T4 patients.The effect of chemotherapy for gallbladder cancer remains unsatisfactory, and current chemotherapeutic regimens were based on 5-FU, gemcitabine or S-1. The effect of a new chemotherapeutic sensitization scheme with continuous infusion of somatostatin,epirubicin 5-FU/CF and cisplatin is under research, and the preliminary results are promising. Radiation shows some benefits to patients with gallbladder cancer, but its effects are still uncertain.

Purpose:To evaluate the relationship between po stoperative survival rate and three stage systems (Nevin,AJCC,JSBS) of gallbladd er carcinoma. Methods:From October 1988 to December 1998 a total of 30 patien ts with gallbladder carcinoma underwent radical resection in the Xinhua Hospital . All patients were classified by 3 different methods of staging.The 1-year,3- year ,5-year postoperative survival rates were evaluated according to the stage . Results:All patients with stage Ⅰ were alive. There were less cases in Nevin’s stageⅡ,Ⅲ. The 3-year,5-year survival rates in patients wit h Nevin’s stage Ⅱ,Ⅲ were better than the other two classifications. The 5-ye ar survival rates in patients with Nevin’s stage Ⅲ were better than those with Nevin’s stage Ⅳ. The 3-year,5-year survival rates in patients with Nevin’s stage Ⅳ/Ⅴ were significantly better than the other two classifications (P

BACKGROUND:Vascular grafts made of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene have been shown to have highly hydrophobic surface characterized by resistance to water penetration and biological durability. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of vascular grafts made of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene for repair of peripheral arterial injuries. METHODS:Thirty-eight patients with peripheral arterial injuries, consisting of 30 males and 8 females, aged 17-61 years, were included in this study. After conventional fluid infusion, anti-shock treatment, anti-inflammation, and debridement, they received implantation of vascular grafts made of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene. A 12-month folow-up observation was performed to investigate the recovery of affected limbs and vascular patency in patients. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After implantation of vascular grafts made of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, al vessels were unblocked and no cases died or had limbs amputated. Blood supply of al affected limbs recovered to normal and there was no vascular anastomotic infection. Imaging results showed that vascular patency rate was 100%. Ultrasound examination results showed that at the end of the folow-up period, the inner wal of the vascular grafts was smooth, obvious mural thrombus or anastomotic stenosis did not occur in any case, vascular patency rate was 92% (35/38), and no adverse reactions related to artificial vessels were observed. These findings suggest that vascular grafts made of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene for repair of peripheral arterial injuries exhibit striking surface anticoagulant property and long-term patency.

One case of secondary bleeding repeatedly after tonsillectomy. Secondary bleeding after tonsillectomy seldom happen to us. When the event occurs medical staff has to take effect way to control the bleeding immediately. Accumulated quantity of bleeding must be controlled to the lowest point as soon as possible. Other wise the bleeding may lead to death. This point should be considered by medical staff.
Humans ; Postoperative Hemorrhage ; etiology ; Tonsillectomy ; adverse effects

Recently, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been emphasized in the area of intensive care unit (ICU) and other domains. HO-1 can catalyze the decomposition of heine and the products of its enzymatic activity, including carbon monoxide, biliverdin, and bilirubin and ferritin can play a significant cytoprotec-tive role in antagonizing inflammation, protecting cells from oxidative injury and cellular stresses. In the re-search of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), researchers have realized that it is of great importance to antago-nize the overflow of cytokines in order to improve the therapeutic effect of SAP. In this article, we give a re-view of the research progress of HO-1 and its relationship with SAP.

Objective: To prepare a functional chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel for minocycline-HCl gelatin microspheres and observe its effects on repairing experimental rats gingivitis. Methods: Minocycline-HCl gelatin microspheres were prepared by using gelatin as core material and emulsion crosslinking method, then the latter was incorporated into the chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel. Established an experimental gingivitis model in SD rats and to observe the effect of hydrogel on gingivitis. Results: Microspheres thermosensitive hydrogel had obviously sustained effects on gingivitis. Results showed that GI,PD in experiment group were significantly improved. Conclusion: The chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel loading of minocycline-HCl gelatin microspheres have antiphlogistic effects on experimental rats gingivitis.

Endoscopic ultrasound was initially introduced in 1980s as a diagnostic modality combining echoendoscopes with radial scanning, which permitted reconstruction of cross-sectional images similar to computed tomography. Many studies showed that endogastric ultrasonography is more accurate than endoscopy or CT in evaluating the depth of invasion ( T category) and the involvement of lymph nodes (N category) in patients with gastric carcinoma. In addition to being very useful in tissue acquisition for diagnostic purposes, the principles behind endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration ( FNA) paved the way for the development of therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound, which improve the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.

Objective To guide the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive puhnonary diseases (AECO- PD) through studing the principally related factors of AECOPD.Methods 190 AECOPD patients were investigated through retrospective study.First,we studied the thirty-two possible factors with single-factor analysis,then procee- ded to perform multiple-factor analysis with Logistic regression among the factors which P value was below 0.2 in single -factor analysis,and analyzed the principally related factors with two-factor correlation.Results According to Mul- tiple-factor analysis with Logistic regression analysis,there were eight factors that showed significance,which were us- age of respiratory excitant,LBC,usage of antioxidant,heart failure,Cr,selection of antibiotics respectively,WBC and Hb.Correlative analysis of the principally related factors showed no correlation between WBC and LBC.Conclusion The principally related factors of AECOPD prognosis were their recited in results.

Objective To explore the feasibility and efficacy of transcatheter closure of residual shunts after interventional therapy of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Methods A total of 16 patients (12 females, 4 males) with residual shunt after the first interventional therapy underwent transcatheter closure of residual shunt using different devices by arterial or venous route from March 1997 to August 2001. The median age was 5.9 years (range 2-9 years) and median weight was 17.7 kg (range 9-28 kg). The mean interval between the first procedure and the second procedure was 1.5 years (range 1 d-3.5 yr). Results The median minimal diameter of residual shunt was 2.7 mm (1.2-5.0 mm). Transcatheter occlusion was successfully performed in 15 patients and the success rate reached to 94% (15/16). Eleven Cook detachable coils, two Amplatzer Duct Occluders (ADO), one Sideris device, and two Rashkind devices were placed in 9 (two coils in 2 patients), 2, 1, and 2 patients respectively. One Sideris device and one Cook detachable coil were placed in one patient simultaneously. The complete occlusion rate of the residual shunts was 80% (12/15) assessed by angiography immediately. The mean procedure time was 75 min (45-120 min) and the mean fluoroscopy time was 10.4 min (5-20 min). All residual shunts were found to be completely closed 24 h after the procedure by echocardiography. Complication was encountered in one patient with loss of the pulse of the femoral artery. There were no device migration and pulmonary arteries obstruction in all patients at mean 2 years follow-up. Conclusion Transcatheter closure of residual shunt after the first interventional therapy is a feasible, effective alternative of surgical procedure.