Objective To establish a HPLC method for the determination of emodin in Niuhuang anti-inflammatory tablets. Method Thermo-Hypersil C18 (250 mm?4.6 mm, 5 ?m) was used, mobile phase was methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid (70∶30), with flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, detection wavelength of 254 nm, and column temperature was 40 ℃. Results There was a good linear relationship of emodin at the range of 0.020 11～0.402 2 ?g. Conclusion The method is simple, accurate, with better separation efficiency, wide linear range and high sensitivity. It can be used for quality control of the preparation.

Objective To study the clinical features and treatment of multiple schwannomas (neurilemmomas). Methods 9 patients with multiple schwannomas treated with surgery from 1975 to 1999 were reviewed retrospectively. Results In 7 of the 9 cases of schwannomas, the number of tumor lesions was seen more than that diagnosed preoperatively. All the patients had surgical resection; 5 had enucleation and 4 had tumors excised with the invovled nerve. Recurrence occured in 4 patients. Conclusion Because of the difficulty in predetermination of the exact lesional number, thoroughly preoperative examination including MRI is nessesary. Enucleation is recommended to those tumors involving important nerves. There is a high rate of recurrence.

Objective: To prepare a functional chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel for minocycline-HCl gelatin microspheres and observe its effects on repairing experimental rats gingivitis. Methods: Minocycline-HCl gelatin microspheres were prepared by using gelatin as core material and emulsion crosslinking method, then the latter was incorporated into the chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel. Established an experimental gingivitis model in SD rats and to observe the effect of hydrogel on gingivitis. Results: Microspheres thermosensitive hydrogel had obviously sustained effects on gingivitis. Results showed that GI,PD in experiment group were significantly improved. Conclusion: The chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel loading of minocycline-HCl gelatin microspheres have antiphlogistic effects on experimental rats gingivitis.

Objective　To probe into roles of hCKLF-1 in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus in BXSB mice in vivo.Methods　The recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid for hCKLF-1 (pCDI-hCKLF-1) was transferred and expressed in lupus-prone BXSB mice with the technique of muscle-mediated transgene by electric pulse;the levels of serum IgM and IgG anti-DNA antibodies as well as serum BUN and urine protein were detected.Results　hCKLF-1 expression in vivo did not make any effects on the levels of IgM and IgG anti-DNA antibodies in female and male BXSB mice,but markedly enabled abnormal elevation of urine protein in male BXSB mice in short time,suggesting its ability for accelerating glomerulonephritis.Conclusion　hCKLF-1 may be one of inflammation mediators,playing an important role in the lupus glomerulonephritis of male BXSB mice,and its target cells may be monocyte and macrophage.

Graduate education is the highest level in Chinas education system.Internationalization of China's graduate programs is a marked feature and an obvious trend of the current development of higher education.It is also a crucial development strategy for higher institutions to become worldclass institutions,and further could help strengthen national power and increases national competitiveness under the background of economic globalization.This paper analyzes the current situation of internationalization of China's graduate education,and discusses some issues that we are facing in this development process.Suggestions and countermeasures are also made for the development process and creating world-class universities.

[Objective]To summarize efficiency evaluation of treatment for tibial plateau fracture,to select optimal treatment for tibial plateau fracture in clinical practice.[Method]Retrospective analysis of 138 patients of tibial plateau fracture in our hospital from January 1999 to January 2003.They were all fresh fracture within 2 weeks after trauma,79 cases male 59 cases female,age 15~76,average 43.5 yrs.95 cases complicated with ligament and meniscus injure in knee joint.according to B 1,B2 were treat with manipulative reduction,traction AO classification and sinking degree,they were divided into type B and type C.type and external fixation of splint.Type B3,C1 were treated with prize-up replacement,grafting and internal fixation with screws.Type C2,C3 were treated with firm internal plate fixation.[Result]133 cases were followed up for 6~36months in 138 cases of tibial plateau fracture,average 23 months.Recovery of knee function were divided according to KDLMERI classification.Type B1B2B3 excellent rate 100%.C1 excellent 14cases,fair 2 cases.C2 excellent 10 cases,fair 8 cases.C3 excellent 6cases,fair 3 cases,badly 2 cases.Recovery of knee fruction excellent 118 cases(88.7%),fair and spoor 15cases(11.3%).[Conclusion]sinking degree of articular surface must be emphasized in treatment oftibial plateau fracture.Satisfied therapy effect can be obtained with early function exercise of knee joint.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristic and prognosis of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs( NSAIDs)and aspirin associated peptic ulcer bleeding. Method All patients with peptic ulcer bleeding were studied by the same researcher after admission and discharge. Results Fifty-one cases with NSAIDs and aspirin medication of the total peptic ulcer bleeding patients ( 147 cases) were included (34. 7% ). Compared with patients not associated with NSAIDs and aspirin medication, they are older [(41.2 ± 1. 9 ) years vs ( 59.4 ± 2. 2 ) years, P ＜ 0. 001], more commonly associated with hypertension ( 10. 4% vs 39. 2% ,P ＜0. 001 ), coronary heart disease ( 10. 4% vs 17.6% ,P ＜0. 001 ) ,diabetes (4. 2%vs 19. 6%, P = 0. 005 ); and had more severe anemia (7. 3% vs 23. 5%, P = 0. 008 ). Fewer patients in NSAIDs group had epigastric pain (61.5% vs 27.5%, P ＜ 0. 001 ), while there was more re-bleeding (9.4% vs 15.7%, P = 0.034). In all bleeding patients, factors associated with re-bleeding, surgical intervention and death included NSAIDs and aspirin medication, and low platelet count. In patients with NSAIDs and aspirin medication, re-bleeding was associated with previous ulcer history ( P ＜ 0. 05 ).Conclusion Peptic ulcer bleeding patients with NSAIDs and aspirin medication were more severe ill, and less likely to present with epigastric pain.

Objective To summarize the experience of operation on gastric carcinoma combined with severe pulmonary dysfunction and reduce the incidence of postoperative fatality and complications.Methods According to FVC,MVV,FEV1 from high to low grouping,and interfere with ambroxol hydrochloride,doxofylline,budesonide,terbutaline,ipratropium bromide,tiotropium bromide to 20 patients who suffered gastric carcinoma combined with severe pulmonary dysfunction before and after operation,and interfere with different anesthesia methods.Results Postoperative complications occurred in 20 patients within one month,Hydrothorax in 2 cases,pulmonary infection in 2 cases,respiratory failure in 2 cases,acute pulmonary edema in 1 cases,acute pulmonary embolism in 1 case.After active treatment,19 patients cured,1 case died due to acute pulmonary edema.Conclusion The complications rate and risks are high in the gastric carcinoma patients combined with severe pulmonary dysfunction,and strict preoperative and postoperative managements are key to the operation.

Objective To investigate the relationships between incidence of post-stroke depression(PSD)and sex,lesion sites and stroke severity,as well as the treatment of anti-depression in elderly patients.Methods 112 stroke patients were assessed by Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS)and Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD)to evaluate the severity of depression,and the related features were analyzed in 42 diagnosed PSD patients.Results The incidence of PSD was 37.5% in elderly patients,90.5% of which were mild-and moderate-depression(P<0.01).The incidence of PSD was significantly different between genders(P<0.01).PSD incidence in patients with basal ganglia lesion was significantly different compared to that with lesions of cerebral cortex,cerebellum or brainstem(P<0.01).PSD incidence in patients with left cerebral hemisphere lesion was similar with that in those with right or both sides of cerebral hemisphere lesions(P>0.05).PSD incidence was different between patients with mono-and poly-lesions.PSD incidence in patients with severe degree of neurological dysfunction was significantly different compared to that with moderate or mild degrees of neurological dysfunction(P<0.05,P<0.01).Based on the treatment of stroke,the HAMD scores decreased significantly after mind-cure and anti-depression medication treatments(P<0.01).Conclusion PSD incidence is high in elderly patients,and most of PSD are mild and moderate.Females are susceptibility with PSD than males.PSD incidence is higher in patients with basal ganglia lesion,but is not correlated with the infracted area.The more lesions in cerebral,and the severer degree of neurological dysfunction,the PSD incidence is higher.The treatments of mind-cure and anti-depression medications based on the treatment of stroke are safe and effective for PSD patients.

Hepatic nodules in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome (B-CS) are identified in clinical work and the differentiating diagnosis is very important for making the treatment strategy.Most B-CS patients with hepatic nodules have nonspecific clinical manifestations.Ultrasonography,computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are often used for differentiating diagnosis.According to the results of retrospective study on clinical and imaging data of 51 B-CS patients with hepatic nodules,we draw a conclusion that the differentiating diagnosis of hepatic nodules in patients with B-CS depends on imaging characteristics.Different treatment strategies are adopted according to the comprehensive analysis of these imaging data and satisfactory results can be achieved.