As nanomedicines are developing fast in both academic and market areas, building up suitable methods for nanomedicine analysis with proper techniques is an important subject, requiring further research. The techniques, which could be employed for grain size analysis of nanomedicines, were reviewed. Several key techniques were discussed with their principles, scope of applications, advantages and defects. Their applications to nanomedine analysis were discussed according to the properties of different nanomedicines, with the purpose of providing some suggestions for the control and administration of nanomedicines.

Objective: To study the pharmacologic effects of Compound Black Ant Capsules. Methods: The adjuvant arthritis model of rats (AA rats), delayed hypersensitivity (DTH) model and the pain model induced by acetic acid in mice were used. Results: Compound Black Ant Capsules could significanty inhibit the primary and secondary inflammation of rats induced by the complete Freund's adjuvant, inhibit the ear edema induced by DNCB in mouse and decrease the number of writhes of mouse caused by acetic acid.Conclusion: Compound Black Ant Capsules have the anti inflammatory effect on DTH arthritis and analgesic effect, and inhibit mouse DTH reaction induced by DNCB.

Objective To study the mechanism, pathology, diagnosis and manage strategy of cervical fracture dislocation combined with anterior spinal cord syndrome (ASCS). Methods 32 cases of cervical fracture dislocation combined with ASCS from January 2012 to September 2014 were summarized. The mechanisms of injury and pathological characteristics were analyzed. All of them received surgical treatment. Anterior approach or anterior approach combined with posterior approach was chosen according to the characteristics of injury. Results All surgical treatments were successfully performed. There were 22 cases (68.75%) with hyperflexion, 5 cases (15.62%) with vertical hit, 1 case (3.12%) with hyperextension and 4 cases (12.5%) with multiple reasons. There were 4 cases (12.5%) with simple anterior dislocation, 28 cases (87.5%) with fracture combined with anterior dislocation. Only 8 cases were successfully diagnosed as ASCS, and the others (24 cases) were generally defined as spinal cord injury. Conclusion ASCS is not so rare. Hyperflexion injury is the most common mechanism. Anterior dislocation and fracture combined with anterior dislocation are the general types of pathology. Conscientious physical examination with CT and MRI can facilitate the diagnosis. Anterior approach or combined with posterior approach could be selected according to injury mechanism.

Whole-cell patch clamp technique was performed on acutely isolated rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons to investigate the modulatory effect of caffeine on γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-activated currents (IGABA). The results showed that the majority of the neurons examined (97.4%, 113/116) were sensitive to GABA. 1-1000 μmol/L GABA activated a concentration-dependent inward current which manifested obvious desensitization. After the neurons were treated with caffeine (0.01-100 μmol/L) prior to the application of GABA (100 μmol/L) for 30 s, GABA-activated membrane currents were obviously inhibited. Caffeine shifted the GABA dose-response curve downward and decreased the maximum response to 57% without changing Kd value. These results indicate that the inhibitory effect is non-competitive. Theophylline showed a similar and stronger inhibitory effect on IGABA. The pretreatment with caffeine (10 μmol/L) inhibited IGABA, which was potentized by diazepam (1 μmol/L). Intracellular application of H-8 almost completely abolished the inhibitory effect of caffeine on IGABA. The present results suggest that caffeine may be able to antagonize the effect of presynaptic inhibition of GABA in primary afferent.

Objective To discuss a design of flap of dorsal branches of the digital proper artery to repair pediatric middle phalanx skin defects and its effect.Methods From October,2013 to March,2015,antegrade flaps were used to treat 9 pediatric patients with skin defect in middle phalanx,the dorsal branches of the digital proper artery were used as the pedicel.The dorsal branch of digital proper nerve carried by flap was sutured with digital proper nerve in wound surface of middle phalanx,flap cutting area was 3.5 cm × 1.2 cm-2.5 cm × 0.8 cm,the donor site of flap was repaired by full thickness skin graft.Results All the 9 flaps survived,and primary healing in the wound of donor and recipient site.The 9 patients were followed up for 6-12 months,with an average of 8 months.All the flaps had soft texture and full shape,the two-point discrimination was 5-9 mm,6.5 mm on average.Conclusion To repair skin defect in the middle phalanx with flap using the dorsal branches of the digital proper artery as the pedicel and sutured the dorsal branch of digital proper nerve,combine advantages of the simplicity,high skin flap survival rate,good postoperative appearance and sensation recovery.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect and efficacy of endoscopy treatment for isolated gastric varices 1 with tissue glue and metal clips. Metheds The clinical date of 21 patients who treated tissue glue and metal clips were retrospectively analyzed from Jan 2015 to Dec 2016. Results The treatments were completed successfully and reviewed by endoscopy after 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months. The gastric varices were reduced, and the serious complications of bleeding, embolism were little. Conclusion The endoscopy treatment for isolated gastric varices 1 with tissue glue and metal clips is contributed to clinical effect, and the treatment provides a reference for clinical treatment.

Objective To explore the differences in efficacy and safety of drug selection based on pharmacogenomics and evidence-based medicine for treatment-resistant schizophrenia(TRS).Methods A total of 100 patients with TRS in our hospital from January 2023 to October 2023 were divided into observation group(gene-oriented antipsychotic drug selection group,22 males and 28 females)and control group(evidence-based medicine oriented antipsychotic drug selection group,23 males and 27 females).Oral mucosal epithelial cells of the observation group were noninvasive collected with a sampling brush and antipsychotic drug gene detection was performed.Antipsychotic drugs with normal metabolism,good response and little toxic side effects were selected according to the test results,and the drugs of the control group were selected by the designated physician on the basis of the Chinese Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Schizophrenia,2015 revision.Antipsychotic efficacy was evaluated before treatment and 4 weeks,8 weeks after treatment with positive and negative syndrome scale(PANSS).Treatment emergent symptom scale(TESS)was used to assess adverse reactions at the 4th and 8th weekend after treatment.Results After 8 weeks of treatment,the incidence of adverse reactions in central nervous system,autonomic nervous system,endocrine system,circulatory system and digestive system in the control group was higher than that in the observation group.The difference was remarkable.The scores of positive symptoms,negative symptoms and general psychopathological symptoms between the observation group and the control group at baseline were basically the same(P>0.05).After 4 weeks of treatment,the scores of positive symptoms,negative symptoms and general psychopathological symptoms in the observation group were lower than those in the control group.The difference was remarkable.After 8 weeks of treatment,the scores of positive symptoms,negative symptoms and general psychopathological symptoms in the observation group were lower than those in the control group.The difference was remarkable.At the end of the 8th week after treatment,the effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group,the difference was remarkable(44%vs.24%,P=0.035).Two-factor repeated measurement analysis of variance was used,indicating that PANSS scores of the two groups changed with time at baseline,4 weeks and 8 weeks after treatment,and the difference was remarkable(F-time=697.139,P<0.05);The difference of PANSS among groups was remarkable(F-groups=5.398,P<0.05);PANSS score was different with different treatment methods,and the difference was remarkable(F-interaction=3.008,P<0.05).Conclusion Gene-directed antipsychotic selection maybe is superior to evidence-based antipsychotic selection in improving effective rate and reducing adverse drug reactions.

Objective To explore the values of translocator protein(TSPO)and serum cell-free mitochondrial DNA(cf-mtDNA)in predicting the disease condition and prognosis of patients with trau-matic shock.Methods Eighty patients(traumatic shock group)with traumatic shock and eighty pa-tients(without traumatic shock group)without traumatic shock were selected.Complete demographic and clinical laboratory data of patients were collected.Blood samples of patients with traumatic shock were collected at the time points of immediately after admission(T,)and the first day(T2),the third day(T3)and seventh day(T4)after admission,the level of TSPO was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and level of cf-mtDNA was measured by quantitative real-time poly-merase chain reaction(qPCR).The levels of TSPO and cf-mtDNA were compared between patients with and without traumatic shock;the patients with traumatic shock were divided into the poor progno-sis group and good prognosis group according to differed prognostic outcome,and the levels of TSPO and cf-mtDNA were compared between the two groups.The predictive values of TSPO and cf-mtDNA for the prognosis of patients with traumatic shock were analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results Compared with the no traumatic shock group,the traumatic shock group had higher levels of serum TSPO at T,to T4 and higher levels of cf-mtDNA at T2 to T3,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Compared with the good prognosis group,the poor prognosis group had higher levels of serum TSPO and cf-mtDNA at T,to T4,and the differences were statisti-cally significant(P＜0.05).Taking the prognosis of traumatic shock patients as the state variable to perform ROC curve analysis,the results showed that the area under the curve(AUC)of TSPO from T1 to T4 for predicting prognosis in the poor prognosis group was 0.825,0.829,0.695 and 0.869 respec-tively,while those of cf-mtDNA level from T1 to T4 for predicting prognosis in the poor prognosis group was 0.766,0.766,0.837 and 0.783 respectively,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.001).Conclusion Traumatic shock patients have elevated levels of TSPO and cf-mtDNA,with significantly higher levels observed in those with poor prognosis,and the TSPO level on the sev-enth day and cf-mtDNA level on the third day have the highest predictive value for prognosis.

Objective To explore the values of translocator protein(TSPO)and serum cell-free mitochondrial DNA(cf-mtDNA)in predicting the disease condition and prognosis of patients with trau-matic shock.Methods Eighty patients(traumatic shock group)with traumatic shock and eighty pa-tients(without traumatic shock group)without traumatic shock were selected.Complete demographic and clinical laboratory data of patients were collected.Blood samples of patients with traumatic shock were collected at the time points of immediately after admission(T,)and the first day(T2),the third day(T3)and seventh day(T4)after admission,the level of TSPO was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and level of cf-mtDNA was measured by quantitative real-time poly-merase chain reaction(qPCR).The levels of TSPO and cf-mtDNA were compared between patients with and without traumatic shock;the patients with traumatic shock were divided into the poor progno-sis group and good prognosis group according to differed prognostic outcome,and the levels of TSPO and cf-mtDNA were compared between the two groups.The predictive values of TSPO and cf-mtDNA for the prognosis of patients with traumatic shock were analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results Compared with the no traumatic shock group,the traumatic shock group had higher levels of serum TSPO at T,to T4 and higher levels of cf-mtDNA at T2 to T3,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Compared with the good prognosis group,the poor prognosis group had higher levels of serum TSPO and cf-mtDNA at T,to T4,and the differences were statisti-cally significant(P＜0.05).Taking the prognosis of traumatic shock patients as the state variable to perform ROC curve analysis,the results showed that the area under the curve(AUC)of TSPO from T1 to T4 for predicting prognosis in the poor prognosis group was 0.825,0.829,0.695 and 0.869 respec-tively,while those of cf-mtDNA level from T1 to T4 for predicting prognosis in the poor prognosis group was 0.766,0.766,0.837 and 0.783 respectively,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.001).Conclusion Traumatic shock patients have elevated levels of TSPO and cf-mtDNA,with significantly higher levels observed in those with poor prognosis,and the TSPO level on the sev-enth day and cf-mtDNA level on the third day have the highest predictive value for prognosis.

Allergic rhinitis(AR) is an allergic inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa in which the immune inflammatory response alters the local microenvironment of the nasal mucosa, causing mucus hypersecretion as one of the main pathological features of AR. Interleukin-13(IL-13) is the main inflammatory factor secreted by Th2 cells, it can be involved in AR mucus hypersecretion process by regulating Goblet cell proliferation and Mucin 5ac expression through various signaling pathways. Traditional Chinese medicine has obvious advantages in the treatment of AR and its mucus hypersecretion, while the IL-13-mediated signaling pathways are one of the important mechanisms in treating AR mucus hypersecretion. This article reviews the regulation of IL-13-mediated signaling pathways on AR mucus hypersecretion and the intervention effects of traditional Chinese medicine, which providing a theoretical basis for experimental research and new drug development in AR mucus hypersecretion.