Objective:To probe distribution regularity of syndrome elements of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD)at acute exacerbation stage.Methods:Literatures about COPD at acute exacerbation stage in recent decade were collected. SPSS for windows ver.13.0 software was adopted for statistical description.Results:There were 13 kinds of syndrom elements in acute exacerbation stage of COPD,and sputum(71.54 percent),heat(53.85 percent),stagnation of blood(36.92 percent)were the main syndrome elements.Lung was the main syndrome target point corresponding syndromes accumulation constituent ratio of the former was 71.53 percent,and constituent ratio of the latter was 61.54 percent.Frequency of phlegm-heat obstructing in the lung was the topmost at combination of two syndrome elements(64.29 percent)and the frequency of lung-heat and phlegm and blood stasis was the topmost at combination of three syndrome elements(39.29 percent)Conclusion:Retention of phlegm(blood stasis)and heat in the lung is the main pathogenesis of COPD at acute exacerbation stage.

Objective To study the distribution regularity of TCM syndromes of respiratory failure of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) for the standardization research on TCM syndromes. Methods Literatures on respiratory failure of COPD of the latest 15 years were collected from the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese Academic Periodical Full-text Database and China TCM Document Retrieval System Database. The name of the disease was filtered and standardized. The database was established. The formation and distribution regularity of TCM syndromes of respiratory failure of COPD were calculated and analyzed.Results The common syndromes of respiratory failure of COPD were excess in Biao-symptom, such as accumulation of phlegm and blood stasis, phlegm-heat obstructing the lung, accumulation of phlegm-turbidity in the lung, and phlegm misting the brain, and most cases were accompanied with blood stasis. The deficiency syndromes, commonly qi deficiency of the lung and kidney, were complicated in nature of disease and zangfu attribution.Conclusion The accumulation of phlegm and blood stasis, phlegm-heat obstructing the lung, accumulation of phlegm-turbidity in the lung, and phlegm misting the brain are the basic syndromes of respiratory failure of COPD, and most cases are accompanied with blood stasis. The deficiency syndromes have a complicated inner law, and qi deficiency of the lung and kidney is the common one.

Objective: To study the distribution,combination law of syndrome factors and characteristics of base syndromes of pneumonia based on document data.Methods: Combined methods of computer retrieval and man-made retrieval were adopted,the document data from 1981 to 2004 on lower respiratory tract infection was gathered by way of document database index.And the data was analyzed by description,Logistic regression and clustering analysis.Results: 32 documents and 141 items were used for analysis.The results indicated that among the 17 syndrome factors related to syndrome differentiation of pneumonia,the highest frequency of location syndrome factor was lung;the frequency of f ire,heat and yin-def iciency was higher;pathogenic wind,pathogenic heat and phlegm were the main etiological factors.In the document study,there were four patterns in the combinative model of syndrome factors,the combination of two syndrome factors and the combination of three syndrome factors were the main patterns,the cumulative percentage was 95.7%.Meanwhile,the main symptoms and the sub-symptoms of the mainly syndromes were screened out by adopting statistical description,logistic regression and clustering analysis.Conclusion: The main syndrome types and their inscapes of pneumonia can provide enough references for the next step research.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major public health problem worldwide. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is an established intervention for the management of patients with COPD. Exercise training is an important part of PR, and its effectiveness in patients with COPD is well established. However, alternative methods of PR training such as Daoyin have not been appropriately studied. Hence, alternative forms of exercise training that require less exercise equipment and no specific training place should be evaluated. This paper describes the study protocol of a clinical trial that aims to determine if pulmonary Daoyin training will improve the exercise capacity and psychosocial function of patients with COPD in China.

This study was aimed to explore the relationship between atrophic lung disease and modern medicine diseases through the study of experiences of modern famous doctors of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of atrophic lung disease. Literatures which met the inclusion criteria were retrieved from the existing Lung Disease Database of Modern Famous Doctors of Chinese Medicineand Lung Disease Database of Journals for the establishment ofLiterature Research Database of Experience of Modern Famous Doctors of Chinese Medicine in Treating Atrophic Lung Disease. The SPSS 19.0 software was used in the statistical analysis. The results showed that atrophic lung disease can be interstitial lung disease, atelectasis, pneumonia, primary bronchogenic carcinoma, bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, chronic bronchitis and pneumothorax in modern medicine. Among them, interstitial lung disease was the most common one. It was concluded that atrophic lung disease can be the outcome of many types of lung diseases. The relationship between atrophic lung disease and modern medicine diseases should require further studies by experts to confirm.

Objective:To explore the targets and signal pathways of Maxing-Ersan Decoction in the treatment of COPD by using network pharmacology, and to reveal the mechanism of intervention of multiple targets and multiple pathways of Maxing-Ersan Decoction in the treatment of COPD. Methods:The active ingredients and corresponding targets of Maxing-Ersan Decoction were screened with the help of TCMSP database, and the targets related to COPD disease were screened with GeneCards database. The STRING database was used for protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. By using Cytoscape to build compound target network and PPI network; by using Draw Venn Diagram website to draw a Venn diagram, and using R software to perform gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG). Results:A total of 101 active ingredients were obtained, with 250 corresponding targets, including 214 targets related to COPD. Through GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, all together 48 signal pathways related to the main components of Maxing-Ersan Decoction were screened out. Conclusion:Based on the network pharmacological analysis, the effective chemical components of Maxing-Ersan Decoction were found, and it was found that Maxing-Ersan Decoction may act on COPD through multiple targets and multiple pathways such as inflammation and immune regulation.

ObjectiveTo explore the dynamic evolution law of syndrome elements in different stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. MethodThe clinical questionnaire of COPD was formulated，and the clinical data of 303 patients with COPD in the acute exacerbation stage，risk window stage，and stable stage in the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine from June 2019 to December 2020 were dynamically collected. The Clinical Investigation and Research Database on the Evolution of Syndrome Elements of COPD was established，with syndrome elements as nodes and complex relationships between syndrome elements and syndrome elements in different stages as edges. With the help of Pycharm （JetBrains PyCharm Edition 2018.2.3） development tool，python programming was used to preprocess the data and perform complex network modeling. The complex network of different stages of COPD was constructed to analyze the evolution law of syndrome factors in different stages. ResultA total of 303 patients with COPD were included and finished. Eleven syndrome elements were extracted in the acute exacerbation stage，10 syndrome elements were extracted in the risk window stage，and 8 syndrome elements were extracted in the stable stage. According to the complex network centrality and edge weight of disease syndrome elements，it was found that the core nodes of disease syndrome elements in the network from the acute exacerbation stage to the stable stage were phlegm，heat，and Qi deficiency，Qi deficiency，phlegm，and dampness，and Qi deficiency，Yin deficiency，and blood stasis. ConclusionFrom the acute exacerbation stage to the stable stage，the disease syndrome elements change from excess to deficiency，and phlegm heat gradually changes into phlegm dampness，and gradually weakens or disappears. Qi deficiency runs through the whole process of the disease and turns into both qi and yin deficiency with blood stasis.

Ectoine is an amino acid derivative and an important natural product in halophilic microorganisms. It plays an important role in protecting cells and stabilizing biological macromolecules, and can be widely used in biomedical fields such as drug preparation adjuvants, organ transplantation and preservation, skin wound repair and cosmetics. Due to the medical value and commercial market demand of ectoine, this article summarized the recent advances in the microbial production of ectoine, including the mutation and breeding of hyper-producing strains, construction of genetically and metabolically engineered strains, optimization of fermentation processes, and extraction and purification processes. The application of multi-omics technologies and computational biology to develop an ectoine producing cell factory was prospected, with the aim to provide a reference for ectoine overproduction.
Amino Acids, Diamino/metabolism* ; Fermentation

The limited penetration of nanoparticles and their poor accessibility to cancer cell fractions in tumor remain essential challenges for effective anticancer therapy. Herein, we designed a targeting peptide-decorated biomimetic lipoprotein (termed as BL-RD) to enable their deep penetration and efficient accessibility to cancer cell fractions in a tumor, thereby improving the combinational chemo-photodynamic therapy of triple negative breast cancer. BL-RD was composed of phospholipids, apolipoprotein A1 mimetic peptide (PK22), targeting peptide-conjugated cytotoxic mertansine (RM) and photodynamic agents of DiIC18(5) (DiD). The counterpart biomimetic lipoprotein system without RM (termed as BL-D) was fabricated as control. Both BL-D and BL-RD were nanometer-sized particles with a mean diameter of less than 30 nm and could be efficiently internalized by cancer cells. After intravenous injection, they can be specifically accumulated at tumor sites. When comparing to the counterpart BL-D, BL-RD displayed superior capability to permeate across the tumor mass, extravasate from tumor vasculature to distant regions and efficiently access the cancer cell fractions in a solid tumor, thus producing noticeable depression of the tumor growth. Taken together, BL-RD can be a promising delivery nanoplatform with prominent tumor-penetrating and cancer cells-accessing capability for effective tumor therapy.